1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 406及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Income Gap. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1有人认为收入差距的存在是合理的 2有人认为收入差距的 存在是不合理的 3收入差距对社会的影响 On Income Gap 二、 Part II Reading Compr
2、ehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the
3、statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 What to Do When the Patient Says, Please Dont Tell Mom Some years ago, in the candor (坦白 ) of the exam room, a seventh-grade boy told me that he didnt really have friends
4、at school, and that he sometimes found himself being picked on. I gave him the pediatric (儿科的 ) line on bullying: it shouldnt be tolerated, and there are things schools can do about it. Lets talk to your parents, lets have your parents talk to the school. And he was horrified. He shook his head and
5、asked me please not to interfere, and above all not to say a word to his mother, who was out in the waiting room because I had asked her to give us some privacy. He wouldnt have told me this at all, he said, except he thought our conversation was private. The situation at school wasnt all that bad;
6、he could handle it. He wasnt in any danger, wasnt getting hurt, and he was just a little lonely. His parents, he said, thought that he was fine, that he had lots of friends, and he wanted to keep it that way. When treating older adolescents, pediatricians(小儿科医师 )routinely offer confidentiality (机密性
7、) on many issues, starting with sex and substances. But middle-schoolers are on the border-old enough to be asked some of the same questions, but young enough that it can be less clear what should stay confidential. At my own eighth-grade sons pediatric checkup last year, I of course left the room,
8、because I didnt want to embarrass him or inhibit him, and because I wanted his pediatrician to have the opportunity to hear anything he wanted to say. (I am reporting this with my sons explicit permission.) But as I waited, I thought of that seventh grader, and of the other middle-schoolers who have
9、 told me things that left me agonizing about the ethics and the wisdom of confidentiality in this age group. Im not talking about the child who tells you something that makes it clear hes in danger. Those are the “easy“ ones (though in another sense they can be tremendously difficult), and Ive had m
10、y share: The 13-year-old girl who is frightened of a much older guy who sometimes seems to follow her home. The 14-year-old boy who has been thinking about dying a lot ever since his grandmother died. The seventh grader who is being beaten up on the playground. No matter the age, when I feel the chi
11、ld is actually in danger, I explain that I have to let the parents know. But as I talked to my colleagues-including my sons pediatrician, Dr. Herbert Lazarus- we all kept coming up with ambiguous cases. Because you do value the childs trust and you dont want to lose it. Im not talking about the chil
12、d who tells you he shared a beer with his friends one day after school. Most sensible parents, I think, know that once theyre out of the exam room were going to review sex, drugs and rock n roll with their children, and most sensible parents, I think, are grateful. And many middle-school children se
13、em grateful for the opportunity to mention that they have been in situations where people are drinking. “Theyll preface it with My moms not going to know about this, right?“ said Dr. Lazarus, who is also a clinical associate professor of pediatrics at New York University. “Im going to talk as much a
14、s I can about why this is not good, and all we know about alcohol and marijuana. There are enough studies out there that show how bad this is for brain development.“ But what about if its more than a beer? One of my colleagues had a stow: a 13-year-old girl who was drinking and stealing from her par
15、ents liquor cabinet. “She did admit that to me,“ the pediatrician said. “She was doing it by herself, not a good sign, not social drinking.“ The child did not want her mother to know, and the pediatrician, who had known her since infancy, negotiated (协商 ) a compromise: the doctor would advise the mo
16、ther that the girl needed counseling, and as long as she went to counseling, and discussed the drinking and her underlying issues with the counselor, the pediatrician would not tell her mother about the liquor. But even though it worked out, even though she continued seeing the patient regularly, th
17、e pediatrician still felt less than completely comfortable. “I did personally feel bad,“ she said, “because if I were the mother, I would want to know, and I actually did tell the mother just to keep a closer eye on her without going into the details. “So what about the child who trusts you with the
18、 information that hes being picked on, or that all is not well at home? You want to keep that childs trust-all the more so if the child isnt talking to the parents, because you want to be available for more confidences. “The balance changes in part based on what the level of the health risks are, ho
19、w mature that young person is, how much parental oversight theyre receiving,“ said Dr. S. Jean Emans, chief of adolescent medicine at Childrens Hospital Boston. Experts say the middle-school years are particularly challenging. “Its a fine balance because its developmentally appropriate for kids to w
20、ant to develop some autonomy and its the time when they should be developing at least in part a private and confidential relationship with a physician,“ said Dr. Carol A. Ford, director of the adolescent medicine program at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. “Middle school is really when
21、 you see a lot of variation in pubertal development and cognitive development and social development,“ Dr. Ford went on. “A 12-year-old who looks like an 18-year-old-you cant assume they think like an 18-year-old. You cant assume their skills of negotiating the world are related to their physical ma
22、turity.“ Or as Dr. Emans put it: “You do have to make tough choices. There isnt a little book where you look up, OK, this can stay confidential and this cant.?“ So what did I do with the seventh grader who had told me he didnt have friends at school? Well, I asked him a bunch of questions, and I dec
23、ided that he wasnt feeling suicidal (or homicidal) and that the situation in his school didnt threaten his physical safety. I urged him to talk to his parents, especially if things grew worse-and I scheduled an appointment for him to come back and check in with me. But with his mother, I limited mys
24、elf to one of those “generic“ comments: this is an age when he really needs you to be involved in his life, to talk about how things are going at school. “Your role as a physician is different than your role as a mother,“ Dr. Ford said. “If you lose the trust of the kid, youve lost a lot; they wont
25、tell you whats going on in the future, and thats not in the best interests of the kid or the parent.“ If I had been the seventh graders mother, I would have wanted to know. But I was his doctor, and he wanted it kept confidential. 2 From the passage, we know that the seventh-grade boy would tell the
26、 author under the condition that_. （ A） their conversation was private （ B） their situation at school was not all that bad （ C） his mother was in the waiting room （ D） his parents thought he was fine 3 What do we learn about middle-schoolers from the passage? （ A） The pediatricians must provide conf
27、identiality to middle-schoolers. （ B） The middle-schoolers can be asked questions about sex. （ C） The pediatricians must provide confidentiality to middle-schoolers parents. （ D） The middle-schoolers can be asked to stay confidential. 4 What should the author do when he feels the child is at risk? （
28、 A） If the child is too young to handle, he will tell the childs parents. （ B） If the child is old enough, he will keep confidentiality. （ C） Whether the child is young or old, he will keep confidentiality. （ D） Whether the child is young or old, he will tell the childs parents. 5 When most reasonab
29、le parents are out of the exam room for reviewing sex, drugs and rock n roll with their children, they will_. （ A） worry about their children （ B） be afraid their children will be in unhealthy situations （ C） be thankful to the pediatricians （ D） wonder ff their children are in trouble 6 When Dr. La
30、zarus talks to the children, the children usually_. （ A） tell the pediatrician their trouble at the beginning （ B） tell the pediatrician their situation at school （ C） make sure the pediatrician will keep secret at the beginning （ D） make sure the pediatrician will know about alcohol 7 It can be con
31、cluded from the passage that as to that 13-year-old girl who was drinking, her doctor_. （ A） knew her when she was a baby （ B） kept her mothers trust （ C） should make a compromise （ D） should tell her mother the truth 8 Dr. Carol A. Ford considered middle-schoolers_. （ A） appropriately develop some
32、reliance （ B） partly develop a private and confidential relationship with a doctor （ C） relate skills of negotiating the world to their physical maturity （ D） look like older 9 Pediatricians want to keep the childs trust because they want to_. 10 Especially if things grew worse, the author urged the
33、 seventh grader_. 11 Dr. Ford said that the role as a physician was_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions
34、 will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Hell ask Steven when he talks to him. （ B） He wants to invite the Johnsons to come. （ C） He isnt sure how many people
35、 will go. （ D） He doesnt know if they can get a room. （ A） The noise in the room. （ B） The heat inside. （ C） The long working hours. （ D） The crowded room. （ A） It was fairly successful. （ B） Financing was never a problem. （ C） It was too difficult to finish. （ D） It stopped for want of land. （ A） A
36、t a restaurant. （ B） At a grocery store. （ C） At a friends house. （ D） At a supermarket. （ A） Talking on the telephone. （ B） Vacuuming the bathroom. （ C） Rolling the rocks. （ D） Listening to music. （ A） Nicole had better find a full-time job. （ B） The professor will help Nicole a lot. （ C） Nicole ne
37、eds to spend her time studying. （ D） The work might be too tough for Nicole. （ A） A pair of pants. （ B） A sweater. （ C） A shirt. （ D） Some scarves. （ A） It will be sunny but not warm. （ B） It wont be nice and fine. （ C） It wont be sunny but it will be hot. （ D） It will be perfect and pleasant. （ A）
38、They may be homesick and feel insecure. （ B） They may try to attract other peoples attention. （ C） They are either cold or sick. （ D） They want to protect themselves from physical injuries. （ A） They prefer white. （ B） They prefer red. （ C） They prefer yellow. （ D） They prefer gray. （ A） Reporter an
39、d fashion designer. （ B） Teacher and student. （ C） Shop assistant and customer. （ D） Husband and wife. （ A） A pre-test is required. （ B） A data-processing course is required. （ C） A day course is required. （ D） A college diploma is required. （ A） It takes three months. （ B） It costs 300 dollars, exc
40、luding the computer time. （ C） There is no evening course available. （ D） It will end after the Christmas. （ A） His application letter. （ B） His checkbook. （ C） His ID card. （ D） His computer books. （ A） They are fellow teachers. （ B） They are freshmen of a university. （ C） They are second-year stud
41、ents. （ D） They are tour guides. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choi
42、ces marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 1604. （ B） Around 1700. （ C） 1750. （ D） 1755 （ A） Robert Cawdrey. （ B） John Kersey. （ C） Samuel Johnson. （ D） Daniel Webster. （ A） A complete list of difficult words. （ B） Contained sentences as examples. （ C） A 20-volume work. （ D） Showing word histories. （ A） 70000 h
43、ospitals. （ B） 80000 hospitals. （ C） 7000 hospitals. （ D） 8000 hospitals. （ A） This means that most American doctors would pay the medical bills. （ B） This means that most American doctors are paid by the government. （ C） This means that the patient pays for the medical bills. （ D） This means that t
44、he government would pay for the medical bills. （ A） The different health insurance plans. （ B） The federal government of USA. （ C） The wise investment of their money. （ D） The company they work for. （ A） The workers on the underground platforms were replaced by machines. （ B） It became the first com
45、pletely automatic railway in the world. （ C） A completely automatic line was added to its network. （ D） Its trains became computer-controlled. （ A） A platform worker. （ B） A computer. （ C） The command spot. （ D） A machine. （ A） To drive the train after it is started automatically. （ B） To start the
46、train and to drive it when necessary. （ C） To take care of the passengers on the train. （ D） To send commanding signals to the command spot. （ A） It will stop automatically. （ B） It will move on at the same speed. （ C） It will gradually slow down. （ D） It will keep a safe distance from the other tra
47、ins. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact w
48、ords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The Olympic Games are held every four years, each time in a different city. The Games begin w
49、hen a runner, carrying a lighted torch brought from【 B1】 _, reaches the stadium. The athletes【 B2】 _against one another in various【 B3】 _: they jump, cycle, swim, wrestle and show their skills in gymnastics, fencing and【 B4】 _. Others test their strength and【 B5】 _in the difficult marathon and weightlifting. The winners do not【 B6】 _any cash prizes. Instead the first three athletes in any event receive gold, sil
