1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 411及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Studying Abroad.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1越来越多的年轻人选择出国留学 2你对出国留学的态度 以及支持或反对的理由 Studying Abroad 二、 Part II Reading Comprehensio
2、n (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the stateme
3、nt contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Happiness and Sadness Happiness and sadness are two most basic and familiar feeling for human beings. Recently, people have achieved further understanding about them. Happiness U
4、niversity of Illinois, psychologist Ed Diener, who has studied happiness for a quarter century, was in Scotland recently, explaining to members of Parliament and business leaders the value of increasing traditional measures of a countrys wealth with a national index of happiness. Such an index would
5、 measure policies known to increase peoples sense of well-being, such as democratic freedoms, access to health care and the rule of law. Eric Wilson tried to get with the program. Urged on by friends, he bought books on how to become happier. He made every effort to smooth out his habitual worried l
6、ook and wear a sunny smile, since a happy expression can lead to genuinely happy feelings. Wilson, a professor of English at Wake Forest University, took up jogging, reputed to boost the brains supply of joyful neuro-chemicals, and began his conversations with “great!“ and “wonderful!“, the better t
7、o exercise his capacity for enthusiasm. However, some scientists are releasing the most-extensive-ever study comparing moderate and extreme levels of happiness, and finding that being happier is not always better. In surveys of 118 519 people from 96 countries, scientists examined how various levels
8、 of subjective well-being matched up with income, education, political participation, volunteer activities and close relationships. They also analyzed how different levels of happiness, as reported by college students, correlated with various outcomes. Even allowing for imprecision in peoples self-r
9、eported sense of well-being, the results were unambiguous. The highest levels of happiness go along with the most stable, longest and most contented relationships. That is, even a little discontent with your partner can cause you to look around for someone better, until you are at best a serial mono
10、gamist and at worst never in a loving, stable relationship. Nevertheless, “once a moderate level of happiness is achieved, further increases can sometimes be harmful to income, career success, education and political participation“, Diener and colleagues write in the journal Perspectives on Psycholo
11、gical Science. On a scale from 1 to 10, where 10s is extremely happy, 8s is more successful than 9s and 10s, getting more education and earning more. That probably reflects the fact that people who are somewhat discontent, but not so depressed as to be paralyzed, are more motivated to improve both t
12、heir own lot (thus driving themselves to acquire more education and seek ever-more-challenging jobs) and the lot of their community (causing them to participate more in civic and political life). In contrast, people at the top of the jolliness charts feel no such urgency. “If youre totally satisfied
13、 with your life and with how things are going in the world,“ says Diener, “you dont feel very motivated to work for change. Be wary when people tell you that you should be happier.“ Sadness The drawbacks of constant, extreme happiness should not be surprising, since negative emotions evolved for a r
14、eason. Fear tips us off to the presence of danger, for instance. Sadness, too, seems to be part of our biological inheritance. Wilson argues that only by experiencing sadness can we experience the fullness of the human condition. He also asserts that “the happy man is a hollow man,“ but he is hardly
15、 the first scholar to see melancholia (精神忧郁症 ) as inspiration. A classical Greek text, possibly written by Aristotle, asks, “Why is it that all those who have become outstanding in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly melancholic?“ Wilsons answer is that “the blues can be a catal
16、yst (催化剂 ) for a special kind of genius, a genius for exploring dark boundaries between opposites.“ The ever-restless, the chronically discontent, are dissatisfied with the status quo, be it in art or literature or politics. For all their familiarity, these arguments are nevertheless being crushed b
17、y the happiness movement. Last August, the novelist Mary Gordon lamented to The New York Times that “among writers, what is absolutely not allowable is sadness. People will do anything rather than to acknowledge that they are sad.“ And, Jess Decourcy Hinds, an English teacher, recounted how, after h
18、er father died, friends pressed her to distract herself from her profound sadness and sense of loss. “Why dont people accept that after a parents death, there will be years of grief?“ she wrote. “Everyone wants mourners to snap out of it because observing anothers distress isnt easy.“ Its hard to sa
19、y exactly when ordinary Americans, no less than psychiatrists (精神病学家 ), began insisting that sadness is pathological (病态的 ). But by the end of the millennium that attitude was well established. In 1999, Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was revived on Broadway 50 years after its premiere. A reporte
20、r asked two psychiatrists to read the script. Their diagnosis: Willy Loman was suffering from clinical depression, a pathological condition that could and should be treated with drugs. Miller was appalled. “Loman is not a depressive,“ he told The New York Times. “He is weighed down by life. There ar
21、e social reasons for why he is where he is.“ What society once viewed as an appropriate reaction to failed hopes and dashed dreams, it now regards as a psychiatric illness. As NYUs Wakefield and Allan Horwitz of Rutgers University point out in The Loss of Sadness, this message has its roots in the b
22、ible of mental illness, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Its definition of a “major depressive episode“ is remarkably broad. You must experience five not-uncommon symptoms, such as insomnia (失眠 ), difficulty concentrating and feeling sad or empty, for two weeks; the symptom
23、s must cause distress or impairment, and they cannot be due to the death of a loved one. Anyone meeting these criteria is supposed to be treated. When someone is appropriately sad, friends and colleagues offer support and sympathy. But by labeling appropriate sadness pathological, “we have attached
24、a stigma to being sad,“ says Wakefield, “with the result that depression tends to elicit hostility and rejection“ with an undercurrent of “ Get over it; take a pill. The normal range of human emotion is not being tolerated.“ “We dont know how drugs react with normal sadness and its functions, such a
25、s reconstituting your life out of the pain,“ says Wakefield. Those psychiatrists also express doubts to medicalise the sadness. 2 According to Ed Diener, which of the following can be measured by the index of happiness? （ A） The standard of morality. （ B） The freedom of speech. （ C） The sense of wel
26、l-being. （ D） The access to health care. 3 In order to be happy, Wilson tried many ways such as _. （ A） borrowing books on how to become happier （ B） trying to keep a sunny smile （ C） starting his conversations with “Hello!“ （ D） trying to have a good rest 4 Who have the highest level of happiness a
27、ccording to the survey in 96 countries? （ A） People with the most wealth. （ B） People with the best health. （ C） People with the highest position. （ D） People with the most stable relationship. 5 According to Dieners statements in Perspectives on Psychological Science, the person with the moderate l
28、evel of happiness will get _. （ A） more education （ B） moderate success （ C） less earning （ D） more reputation 6 According to Diener, why do those people with the highest level of happiness have less motivation to move ahead? （ A） Because they have spent all their time pursuing the happiness. （ B） B
29、ecause they dont allow their work to affect their feeling of happiness. （ C） Because they are too satisfied with happiness they have owned. （ D） Because they do not like people to tell them to be happier. 7 Which of the following is the possible answer to the questions set by Aristotle in Wilsons op
30、inion? （ A） The sadness can make one be stronger. （ B） The sadness can make one be intelligent. （ C） The sadness can force one to think more deeply. （ D） The sadness can make one more depressed. 8 After the death of her father, friends of Jess Hinds tried to help her out of _. （ A） working pressure
31、（ B） emotional trouble （ C） economic pressure （ D） marriage problem 9 Willy, the character in Death of a Salesman, was diagnosed by two psychiatrists to get suffering from_. 10 One experiencing a “major depressive episode“ has to experience five not-uncommon symptoms for a period of_. 11 When someon
32、e is not in good mood, his friends should give him_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken o
33、nly once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） To buy some stamps. （ B） To wait for the postman. （ C） To mail the letter himself. （ D） To deliver a package to the postman. （ A） Repa
34、ir the other door. （ B） Visit some ruins. （ C） Have an outdoor party. （ D） Catch the Saturday train. （ A） She wants to know who the students are. （ B） She wants to meet the president. （ C） Shes not eager to greet the president. （ D） Shes sure she has met the president before. （ A） Finish putting her
35、 book away. （ B） Stop what she is doing. （ C） Finish her work elsewhere. （ D） Help the man a little bit later. （ A） She was not able to manage the project well. （ B） She had managed to recover from the shock. （ C） She was not sure about the mystery in the project. （ D） She wasnt sure how she could f
36、inish it so early. （ A） One course. （ B） Two courses. （ C） Three courses. （ D） More than three courses. （ A） The flight is taking its regular route. （ B） The airport is closed due to bad weather. （ C） The closure affected the airports schedule. （ D） The plane will fly back to its point of departure.
37、 （ A） They will keep the chairs for a long time. （ B） The man suggests they move to another place. （ C） The woman is complaining about the bad chairs. （ D） The man thinks they had better have the chairs replaced. （ A） A newspaper. （ B） The government. （ C） A construction firm. （ D） A private company
38、. （ A） Because her husband likes her to work for a firm. （ B） Because she prefers working for the government. （ C） Because self-employed work is very demanding. （ D） Because self-employed work is sometimes insecure. （ A） Because she needs money to start a family. （ B） Because she is not qualified wi
39、th the government. （ C） Because she has preferences in private company. （ D） Because its more likely to get promotion in private company. （ A） Harm that cannot be repaired. （ B） Harm that are more powerful these days. （ C） Damage that can be repaired. （ D） Harm that are legalized. （ A） Being a probl
40、em to the society. （ B） Being squashed. （ C） Taking drugs. （ D） Becoming an orange. （ A） Because cannabis proved to be more harmful than tobacco. （ B） Because cannabis is already so widespread. （ C） Because it is not known whether cannabis may be harmful or not. （ D） Because cannabis is proved to be
41、 positively harmful. （ A） Reject all values. （ B） Be hostile to society. （ C） Reject the values of their elders. （ D） Disregard the values of others. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and
42、the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It came from the highest court. （ B） It came from the military. （ C） It came from the theater. （ D） No one is sure of the answer. （ A） Because he had to
43、 stand in front of the music hand of the military. （ B） Because he had to face the back of the horse while leaving. （ C） Because the soldiers he had served with would play for him. （ D） Because the buttons on the soldiers clothing would be cut off. （ A） It means “everybody can see you love Mary“. （
44、B） It means “your love toward Mary is plain“. （ C） It means “your nose is so plain that Mary wont like it“. （ D） It means “you should hide your nose while dating Mary“. （ A） The influence of WHO on governments. （ B） The warning of the coming diseases. （ C） The international cooperation in health imp
45、rovement. （ D） The shortage of health care workers. （ A） Because they will get better training in other countries. （ B） Because they cannot cope with the large population in poor countries. （ C） Because they will get better payment in rich countries. （ D） Because they prefer working in cities to wor
46、king in countryside. （ A） New policies for doctors and nurses. （ B） Control of the population in poor countries. （ C） International support and foreign help. （ D） Increase in health care expenditure. （ A） Eye contact is very important in relationships. （ B） The more eye contact, the better. （ C） The
47、 less eye contact, the better. （ D） Communication barriers are produced by eye contact. （ A） To show intimacy. （ B） To show attention. （ C） To show influence. （ D） To show respect. （ A） Not look into his eyes. （ B） Stare at him. （ C） Keep eye contact. （ D） Avoid eye contact. （ A） The Spanish. （ B） T
48、he American. （ C） The Arabian. （ D） The British. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the bl
49、anks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Students pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are well【 B1】 _, but some of them arent very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in【 B2】 _to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way t
