1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 425及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled on College Students Renting Houses Outside Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 眼下大学生在外租房居住的现象十分普遍 2对比分析在外租房居住和住在学校宿舍的利弊 3我的看法
2、 on College Students Renting Houses Outside Campus 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the sta
3、tement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How Swearing Works We all know what “bad words“ are. Unlike most other language rules, we learn
4、about swearwords and how to use them without any real study or classroom instruction. Even very young children know which words are naughty, although they dont always know exactly what those words mean. But swearwords arent quite as simple as they seem. Theyre paradoxical-saying them is taboo in nea
5、rly every culture, but instead of avoiding them as with other taboos, people use them. Most associate swearing with being angry or frustrated, but people swear for a number of reasons and in a variety of situations. Origin and Varieties of Swearwords Virtually every language in every culture in the
6、world has its own unique swearwords. Even different dialects of the same language can have different expletives. The very first languages probably included swearwords, but since writing evolved after speaking did, theres no record of who said the first swearword or what that word was. Because of the
7、 taboos surrounding it, written language histories also include few records of the origins of swearing. Even today, many dictionaries dont include profanity, and comparatively few studies have examined swearing. Most researchers agree that swearing came from early forms of word magic. Studies of mod
8、ern, non-literate cultures suggest that swearwords came from the belief that spoken words have power. Some cultures, especially ones that have not developed a written language, believe that spoken words can curse or bless people or can otherwise affect the world. This leads to the idea that some wor
9、ds are either very good or very bad. In the Western, English-speaking world, people from every race, class and level of education swear. In America, 72 percent of men and 58 percent of women swear in public. The same is true for 74 percent of 18 to 34 year olds and 48 percent of people who are over
10、age 55. Numerous language researchers report that men swear more than women, but studies that focus on womens use of language theorize that womens swearing is simply more context specific, So why do so many people swear? Well look at how swearing works in relationships and social interactions next.
11、Why People Swear In early childhood, crying is an acceptable way to show emotion and relieve stress and anxiety. As children, (especially boys) grow up, Western society discourages them from crying, particularly in public. People still need an outlet for strong emotions, and thats where swearing oft
12、en comes in. A lot of people think of swearing as an instinctive response to something painful and unexpected (like hitting your head on an open cabinet door) or something frustrating and upsetting (like being stuck in traffic on the way to a job interview). This is one of the most common uses for s
13、wearing, and many researchers believe that it helps relieve stress and blow off steam, like crying does for small children. Beyond angry or upset words said in the heat of the moment, swearing does a lot of work in social interactions. In the past, researchers have theorized that men swear to create
14、 a masculine identity and women swear to be more like men. More recent studies, however, theorize that women swear in part because they are emulating women they admire. In addition, the use of particular expletives can. Establish a group identity Establish membership in a group and maintain the grou
15、ps boundaries Express solidarity with other people Express trust and intimacy (mostly when women swear in the presence of other women) Add humor, emphasis or “shock value“ Attempt to camouflage a persons fear or insecurity People also swear because they feel they are expected to or because swearing
16、has become a habit. But it doesnt mean its socially acceptable or even legal just because swearing plays all these roles. In the next sections, well look at social and legal responses to swearing. Social Responses to Swearing All languages have swearwords, but the words that are considered expletive
17、s and the social attitudes toward them change over time. In many languages, words that used to be taboo are now commonplace and other words have taken their place as obscenities. In American English, the words currently considered to be the most vulgar and offensive have existed for hundreds of year
18、s. Their designation as obscenities, however, took place largely during and after the 1800s. In fact, the use of the word “dirty“ to describe words arose in the 19th century, as did the word “profanity“. Most languages also have a hierarchy of swearwords some words are mildly offensive ,while others
19、 are nearly unspeakable. This hierarchy usually has more to do with a societys attitude toward the word than what the word actually means. Some words that describe extremely vulgar acts arent thought of as swearwords at all. In English-speaking countries, however, many people avoid using racial slur
20、s to swear for fear of appearing racist. Women also tend to avoid the use of expletives that relate to the female sexual anatomy out of the belief that the words contain an element of sexism. Western society generally views swearing as more appropriate for men than for women. Women who swear appear
21、to violate more societal taboos than men who swear. People also tend to judge women more harshly than men for their use of obscenities. Society in general can also make moral judgments about women who swear and use non-standard English. In general, women also believe swearwords are more powerful and
22、 express more guilt about using them than men do. Swearing and the Law Just as cultures have different attitudes toward swearing and people who swear, they also have different laws governing peoples use of expletives. The Constitution of the United States guarantees that people have the right to fre
23、edom of speech in the First Amendment. The First Amendment applies specifically to Congress and the federal government, including the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Courts generally interpret that it also applies to state governments. So at first glance, it seems like people should be able
24、 to swear whenever they want and wherever they want because of their First Amendment rights. However, constitutional law can be tricky, and a wealth of court cases has led to a wide variety of judgments surrounding swearing. Obscenity generally falls into the category of unprotected speech speech th
25、at is exempt from to the First Amendment rule. Other types of unprotected speech include: Language that incites people to violence or illegal activity Libel and defamation Threats False advertising The unprotected speech exclusion is one of the reasons why the FCC can create and enforce decency rule
26、s for broadcast television and radio. In addition to obscenity, court cases have examined the use of swearing in the contexts of inciting people to violence, defamation and threats. They have generally ruled that the government does not have the right to prevent blasphemy against a specific religion
27、 or to prosecute someone solely for the use of an expletive. On the other hand, they have upheld convictions of people, who used profanity to incite riots, harass people or disturb the peace. The First Amendment doesnt generally apply to private organizations, and it has significantly less influence
28、 over businesses and schools. Courts frequently rule that organizations have the right to set and enforce their own standards of behavior and judgment. In addition, numerous sexual harassment cases have involved reports of swearing, and some courts have ruled that it creates a hostile environment an
29、d constitutes harassment. 2 Why are the origins of swearing seldom recorded in written language histories? （ A） Because writing evolved after speaking. （ B） Because of the taboos surrounding it. （ C） Because of the varieties of swearwords. （ D） Because few studies have examined swearing. 3 According
30、 to researches that concentrate on womens use of languages, womens swearing _. （ A） is more common than mens （ B） is more often used by the people over 55 （ C） is more context specific （ D） is more popular among the educated 4 Why do women swear according to some recent studies? （ A） Because they wa
31、nt to be more like man. （ B） Partly because they want to imitate women they admire. （ C） Mainly because they try to create a masculine （ D） Because they think its cool. 5 In American English, the most vulgar and offensive words were designated as obscenities _. （ A） before and after 18th century （ B
32、） largely before the 1800s （ C） four hundred years ago （ D） during and after the 19th century 6 Generally, people in western society tend to _. （ A） believe that every one should swear when necessary （ B） believe swearwords are more powerful and express more guilt （ C） view swearing more suitable fo
33、r men than for women （ D） view it immoral to use swearwords for women 7 According to the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, American people _. （ A） swear whenever and wherever they want （ B） have the right to the liberty of speech （ C） have no right to obscenity （ D） can not u
34、se swearing words under any circumstance 8 In a lot of court cases, obscenity is usually classified as _. （ A） unprotected speech （ B） illegal activity （ C） speech protected by the First Amendment （ D） false advertising 9 Many researchers believe, like crying does for small children, swearing helps
35、_. 10 One of the reasons why the FCC can create and enforce decency rules for broadcast and radio is _. 11 Generally, the First Amendment doesnt apply to _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or mo
36、re questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He takes things very seriously
37、. （ B） He knows the woman well. （ C） He doesnt have good hearing. （ D） He doesnt pay attention to peoples words. （ A） Rub his boots. （ B） Wear his boots. （ C） Buy a pair of boots. （ D） Bring some books. （ A） The bike is expensive. （ B） The tires are good but nothing else. （ C） The bike is broken. （
38、D） The bike is worthwhile. （ A） He received a shirt but it was the wrong size. （ B） He didnt receive the watch he wanted for Christmas. （ C） He received a watch that was the wrong size. （ D） He wanted a shirt but received a watch. （ A） Sarah hided the jam in the cabinet. （ B） The man will leap if he
39、 checks the cabinet. （ C） Sarah shouldnt have been home at the moment. （ D） The man shouldnt jump to conclusion so quickly. （ A） Ask the professor in her office. （ B） Answer the question for the man. （ C） Ask the professor when she will be available. （ D） Ask the professor to contact the man. （ A） H
40、e agrees with the woman about the weather. （ B） He disagrees with the woman about the weather. （ C） He didnt hear clearly what the woman said and had to judge by her looks. （ D） He asked the woman to repeat. （ A） 96 dollars. （ B） 36 dollars. （ C） 60 dollars. （ D） 48 dollars. （ A） He is raising funds
41、 for his company. （ B） He loves working on cars. （ C） He is Mr. Davis good friend. （ D） He has been rewarded for his work. （ A） One son and one daughter. （ B） Two sons and one daughter. （ C） One son and two daughters. （ D） Two sons and two daughters. （ A） On May 24th. （ B） Not mentioned. （ C） On May
42、 23rd. （ D） In July. （ A） Children Literature. （ B） American Literature. （ C） Medicine. （ D） Elementary Education. （ A） They find these stories interesting. （ B） They can learn how to write such stories. （ C） These stories are written by a famous doctor. （ D） The stories are on their reading list. （
43、 A） They are the same person. （ B） One is a doctor and the other is a writer. （ C） Both of them are teachers. （ D） They are from different departments. （ A） It is a book written only for classroom reading. （ B） It is a book on education. （ C） It has a vocabulary of only two hundred words. （ D） It wa
44、s written by a child. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
45、A, B, C and D. （ A） They liked traveling. （ B） They wanted to find a better place to live in. （ C） They were driven out of their homes. （ D） The reasons are unknown. （ A） They try to put up with Gypsies. （ B） They are envious of Gypsies. （ C） They are unfriendly to Gypsies. （ D） They admire the musi
46、cal talent of the Gypsies. （ A） Special schools have been set up for them. （ B） Permanent homes have been built for them. （ C） They are now taught in their own language. （ D） They are now allowed to attend local schools. （ A） To show off their wealth. （ B） To feel good and high. （ C） To regain their
47、 memory. （ D） To be different from other. （ A） To help solve their psychological problems. （ B） To play games with them. （ C） To send them to the hospital. （ D） To make them aware of its harmfulness. （ A） They need care and affection. （ B） They are fond of round-the-world trips. （ C） They are mostly
48、 from broken families. （ D） They are likely to commit crimes. （ A） She sat back and relaxed. （ B） She decided to retire. （ C） She entered university. （ D） She worked out a new English program. （ A） 8 years. （ B） 20 years. （ C） 16 years. （ D） 30 years. （ A） Bring a great deal of useful experience to
49、the university. （ B） Improve human relationships in the university. （ C） Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus. （ D） Improve the reputation of the university. （ A） She is learning English and Drama. （ B） She is learning how to make sound judgments. （ C） She is learning how to teach minority students. （ D） She is learning to perceive, not to judge. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first tim
