1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 427及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Cheating at Examinations. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.考试作弊屡禁不止 2. 考试作弊 的原因 3. 解决办法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming a
2、nd Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradict
3、s the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Sharks Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed. They live in waters all over the world, in every ocean, and even in some rivers and lakes. Sharks
4、 and Bony Fish Unlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage(软骨 ), which is a tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bone. Cartilage, a strong fibrous(纤维的 ) substance, is softer than bone; our nose and ears are made of cartilage. Sharks also have no swim bladde
5、r (unlike bony fish). Size There are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a persons hand to bigger than a bus. The whale shark is the largest fish in the world; the basking shark is the second largest fish. Fully-grown sharks range in size from 7 inches long (the Spin
6、ed Pygmy shark), up to 50 feet long. Most sharks are intermediate in size, and are about the same size as people, 5 - 7 feet long. Half of the shark species are under 39 inches long. Variety of Sharks There are about 368 different species of sharks, which are divided into 30 families. These differen
7、t families of sharks are very different in the way of look, live, and eat. They have different shapes, sizes, colors, fins, teeth, habitat, diet, personality, methods of reproduction, and other attributes. Some types of shark are very rare and some are quite common. The spiny dogfish shark is the mo
8、st common shark. Body Shapes Sharks have a variety of body shapes. Most sharks have streamlined (流线型的 ), Some sharks have an elongated body shape (e. g. cookiecutter sharks and wobbegongs). Sawsharks have elongated snouts, thresher sharks have a tremendously elongated upper tail fin which they use t
9、o stun prey, and hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads. The goblin shark has a large, pointed protuberance (突出 ) on its head; its purpose is unknown. Teeth The teeth of sharks are also striking. Sharks may have up to 3,000 teeth at one time. Most sharks do not chew their food, but swallow it d
10、own whole or in large pieces. The teeth are arranged in rows; when one tooth is damaged or lost, it is replaced by another. Most sharks have about 5 rows of teeth at any time. The front set is the largest and does most of the work. Diet Sharks vary greatly in their diets, but they are all carnivores
11、(食肉动物 ). Some eat fish, other sharks, and marine mammals; some eat shellfish from the ocean floor; and others eat tiny bits of plankton(浮游动物 ) and small animals from the water as they swim with open mouths. They eat huge amounts of these tiny animals and plants. Sharks Attacks When some sharks (like
12、 the Great White or the Gray Reef shark) turn aggressive prior to an attack, they arch their back and throw back their head. They also move their tail more acutely (probably in preparation for a chase). Sharks do not normally attack people, and only about 25 species of sharks are known to attack peo
13、ple. Sharks attack fewer than 100 people each year. Many more people are killed by bees or lightning. The sharks that are the most dangerous to people are the great white shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the oceanic white tip shark. The bull shark is the most frequent attacker of people a
14、s it swims in very shallow waters where people swim and is a very plentiful shark. Some of the other sharks that are known to have attacked people include the gray shark, blue shark, hammerhead shark, mako shark, nurse shark, lemon shark, black tip reef shark, wobbegongs, sandtiger, spitting sharks,
15、 and the porbeagle. Some people believe that sharks mistake people (especially people swimming on surf boards) for seals and sea lions, some of their favorite foods. Occasionally, a group of sharks will attack a food source (for example, a school of fish) in a maniacal fashion. They will wildly atta
16、ck the food and anything in the area, even each other, sometimes wounding or eating fellow sharks. Habitat Sharks live in oceans and seas all over the world, and even in some rivers and lakes, especially in warmer waters. Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in the water, and others liv
17、e on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic(远洋的 ) sharks (living in the open ocean) include the great white shark, the basking shark, etc. Benthic sharks (living at the ocean floor) include the zebra horn shark, the wobbegongs, and the angelshark, which usually have flattened, camouflaged(伪装的 ) bodies tha
18、t let them hide in the sea bed. Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the Mississippi in the USA and the Amazon in Brazil. The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) sometimes ventures into fresh water. Migration of Sharks Some sharks live in relatively warm waters (ha
19、mmerheads, bull sharks, and tiger sharks). Other sharks, such as the thresher, mako, basking and blue shark, live in temperate water (which is neither hot nor cold). Others, including the dogfish, Greenland, and goblin, live in cool waters. Some sharks stay in the same region in their entire lives w
20、hile others travel across oceans. There are three different types of sharks when it comes to migratory(迁移的 ) patterns: Local sharks, coastal pelagic sharks, and highly pelagic sharks. Local sharks do not migrate, and range only about a hundred miles from their habitat, coastal pelagic sharks can mig
21、rate over 1,000 miles, while highly pelagic sharks migrate across oceans. Evolution of Sharks Sharks have existed for over 350 million years. They evolved over 100 million years before the dinosaurs did. This was long before people evolved. Most fossil evidence of early sharks is from fossilized tee
22、th and a few skin impressions. Cladodonts, primitive sharks, had double- pointed teeth, were up to 6 feet long and lived about 360 million years ago; they ate fish and crustaceans(甲壳类 ). Megalodon was an ancient, meat-eating shark, living between 25 - 1.6 million years ago; it is extinct. It was ove
23、r 40 feet long, but this is only an estimate from fossil teeth that have been found. Its teeth resemble those of the great white shark but are almost 3 times larger; these teeth are each the size of a persons hand! 2 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） The passage tells us the habitat and mig
24、ration of sharks. （ B） The passage tells us why sharks are dangerous to people. （ C） The passage introduces the evolutional process of sharks. （ D） The passage introduces the basic information about sharks. 3 Different from most fishes, sharks body is upheld by _. （ A） bones （ B） cartilage （ C） fibe
25、r （ D） skeleton 4 Which of the following description about the size of sharks is TRUE? （ A） Most sharks are about the same size as human beings. （ B） Sharks are the largest fish; most of them are bigger than buses. （ C） Most sharks are much longer than human beings. （ D） Sharks are big animals; most
26、 of them are about 50 feet long. 5 Which of the following sharks is the most common sharks? （ A） The whale shark. （ B） The spiny dogfish shark. （ C） The basking shark. （ D） The great white shark. 6 Sharks eat their food by _? （ A） sucking （ B） swallowing （ C） grinding （ D） chewing 7 When sharks quic
27、kly move their tail, they probably become _. （ A） offensive （ B） indifferent （ C） interested （ D） friendly 8 Why may the bull sharks attack people frequently? （ A） Because human being is their favorite food. （ B） Because they may wildly attack anything in the area. （ C） Because they swims in shallow
28、 waters where people swim. （ D） Because they are very aggressive sharks. 9 The sharks that move about in a fixed area about a hundred miles are called _. 10 The earliest dinosaurs lived in the time that was about _ years from today according to the passage. 11 Cladodonts and primitive sharks, which
29、had double-pointed teeth mainly feed on _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
30、After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The woman didnt finish her project. （ B） The man doesnt have a computer. （ C） The womans computer was broken. （ D） The woman has bought a new co
31、mputer. （ A） Go with the woman. （ B） Turn on air-conditioner. （ C） Watch the show on TV. （ D） Find another friend to accompany the woman. （ A） In a restaurant. （ B） On campus. （ C） In the police station. （ D） In the doctors office. （ A） Customer and estate agent. （ B） Customer and travel agent. （ C）
32、 Customer and shop assistant. （ D） Customer and lawyer. （ A） The train will arrive on time. （ B） The train has already arrived thirteen minutes ago. （ C） The train will arrive in thirteen minutes. （ D） The train will be late for thirty minutes. （ A） Go to the police station in the afternoon to get h
33、is passport. （ B） Call the police office to make sure the time for getting his passport. （ C） Call the police office to get his passport mailed to him. （ D） Go to the post office in the morning to get his passport. （ A） The flat in Baker Street has already been rented. （ B） The flat is in a very goo
34、d location. （ C） The woman might not be able to rent the flat in Baker Street. （ D） Finding a flat in Baker Street is very difficult. （ A） The meeting is going on in Room 241. （ B） The meeting is canceled. （ C） The meeting is about space technology. （ D） The meeting is held in the conference room. （
35、 A） To give some suggestion for the coming trip. （ B） To share some experience with him. （ C） To lend some money to him. （ D） To go with him for the coming trip. （ A） Yunnan Province. （ B） Dalian City. （ C） Korea. （ D） Not decided yet. （ A） The transportation cost. （ B） The spicy food. （ C） The snow
36、 mountains. （ D） The far distance. （ A） Because she has a company for the drive. （ B） Because she can attend the festival. （ C） Because the man stopped and offered her a lift. （ D） Because the man provided a shelter from the rain. （ A） About two hours. （ B） Less than an hour. （ C） More than two hour
37、s and a half. （ D） Less than an hour and a half. （ A） Because she got on his car before the rain. （ B） Because he was also heading for Edinburgh. （ C） Because he was her company. （ D） Because he postponed his trip until today. （ A） Shes worried about the seminar. （ B） The man keeps interrupting her.
38、 （ C） She finds it too hard. （ D） She lacks interest in it. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bes
39、t answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year. （ B） Americans enjoy eating out with their friends. （ C） The United States is a country of immigrants. （ D） Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food. （ A） They can make friends
40、 with people from other countries. （ B） They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles. （ C） They can practice speaking foreign languages there. （ D） They can meet with businessmen from all over the world. （ A） The couple cook the dishes and the children help them. （ B） The husba
41、nd does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress. （ C） The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests. （ D） A third cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests. （ A） National Similarities and Global Differences （ B） World Culture and the Futu
42、re of Schooling （ C） National Differences, Global Similarities: Worm Culture and the Future of Schooling （ D） National Similarities, Global Differences: World Culture and the Future of Schooling （ A） The book was written by David Baker. （ B） We can find information on about 15 countries in the book.
43、 （ C） The professors started to write the book in 1994. （ D） The book compares public education systems around the world. （ A） Hungary, Malaysia and the Philippines. （ B） Hungary, Romania and the Philippines. （ C） Spain, Romania and the Philippines. （ D） Hungary, Australia and Iraq. （ A） Presidents
44、like to keep pets. （ B） Pets can offer protection for owners. （ C） Pets can encourage social relationships. （ D） Pets are good companies to many old people. （ A） Snakes, monkeys and wolves. （ B） Cats, dogs and birds. （ C） Tropical fish, mice and birds. （ D） None. （ A） Many grocery stores sell delici
45、ous pet foods to owners. （ B） Dogs can have their dinner delivered to their homes. （ C） Fancy hotels are beginning to accommodate both men and pets. （ D） Well-to-do dogs can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work. （ A） Humans Best Friend Dog （ B） Americans Love Pets （ C） Leading a Dogs
46、 Life in America （ D） New Pet raising Styles in America Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in
47、 the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 It is not unusual for Chinese children to
48、get money from their parents, grandparents or relatives during the Spring Festival. This money is often called “Lucky Money“, which【 B1】 _certain messages of a peaceful year and good fortune to the children. As a【 B2】 _long-standing custom, it has a good reason to【 B3】 _among us for such a long time
49、. However, with the improvement of living standard, the【 B4】_sum of “Lucky Money“ to children is often 10 times the【 B5】 _given in the late 1980s. The meaning of “Lucky Money“ has become different from what it【 B6】 _. Children nowadays have been deeply【 B7】 _by this custom. More and more children begin to compete for riches with others when they return to school. They will have a sense of【 B8】 _if they receive more money. With the money in their pockets【 B9】 _. They
