1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 433及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Competition and Cooperation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 人生中竞争很重要 2. 然而，合作也很重要 3. 我的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimm
2、ing and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contr
3、adicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Why They Came Not many decisions could have been more difficult for a family to make them to say farewell to a community where it had lived for centuries, to abandon old ties and familia
4、r landmarks, and to sail across dark seas to a strange land. Today, when mass communications tell one part of the world all about another, it is quite easy to understand how poverty or tyranny might force people to exchange an old nation for a new one. But centuries ago migration was a leap into the
5、 unknown. It was an enormous intellectual and emotional commitment. The forces that moved early immigrants to their great decision the decision to leave their homes and begin an adventure filled with uncertainty, risk and hardship must have been of overpowering proportions. As Oscar Handlin states,
6、the early immigrants of America “would collide with unaccustomed problems, learn to understand alien ways and alien languages, manage to survive in a very foreign environment“. Despite the obstacles and uncertainties that lay ahead of them, millions did migrate to “the promised land“ America. But wh
7、at was it that moved so many to migrate against such overwhelming odds? There were probably as many reasons for coming to America as there were people who came. It was a highly individual decision. Yet it can be said that three large forcesreligious persecution, political oppression and economic har
8、dship-provided the chief motives for the mass migrations to America. They were responding in their own way to the pledge of the Declaration of Independence: the promise of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness“. The search for freedom of worship has brought people to America from the days of t
9、he pilgrims to modern times. In 1620, for example, the Mayflower carried a cargo of 102 passengers who “welcomed the opportunity to advance the gospel of Christ in these remote parts“. A number of other groups such as the Jews and Quakers came to America after the Pilgrims, all seeking religious fre
10、edom. In more recent times, anti-Semitic persecution in Hitlers Germany has driven people from their homes to seek refuge in America. However, not all religious sects have received the tolerance and understanding for which they came. The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony showed as little tole
11、rance for dissention beliefs as the Anglicans of England had shown them. They quickly expelled other religious groups from their society. Minority religious sects, from the Quakers and Shakers through the Catholics and Jews to the Mormons, have at various times suffered both discrimination and hosti
12、lity in the United States. But the diversity of religious belief has made for religious toleration. In demanding freedom for itself, each sect had to permit freedom for others. The insistence of each successive wave of immigrants upon its right to practice its religion helped make freedom of worship
13、 a central part of the American Creed. People who gambled their lives on the right to believe in their own God would not easily surrender that right in a new society. The second great force behind immigration has been political oppression. America has always been a refuge from tyranny. As a nation c
14、onceived in liberty, it has help out to the world the promise of respect for the rights of man. Every time a revolution has failed in Europe, every time a nation has succumbed to tyranny, men and women who love freedom have assembled their families and their belongings and set sail across the seas.
15、This process has not come to an end in our own day. The terrors of Hitlers Germany and Mussolinis Italy, the terrible wars of Southeast Asia all have brought new thousands seeking safety in the United States. The economic factor has been more complex than the religious and political factors. From th
16、e very beginning, some have come to America in search of riches, some in flight from poverty, and some because they were bought and sold and had no choice. And the various reasons are intertwined. Thus some early arrivals were lured to these shores by dreams of amassing great wealth, like the Spanis
17、h in Mexico and Peru. These adventurers, expecting quick profits in gold, soon found that real wealth lay in such crops as tobacco and cotton. AS they built up the plantation, economy in states like Virginia and the Carolinas, they needed cheap labor, So they began to import indentured servants from
18、 England (men and Women who agreed to labor a term of years in exchange for eventual freedom), and slaves from Africa. The process of industrialization in America increased the demand for cheap labor, and chaotic economic conditions in Europe increased the supply. If some immigrants continued to bel
19、ieve that the streets of New York were paved with gold, more were driven by the hunger and hardship of their native lands. The Irish potato famine of 1845 brought almost a million people to America in five years. American manufacturers advertised in European newspapers, offering to pay the passage o
20、f any man willing to come to America to work for them. The immigrants who came for economic reasons contributed to the strength of the new society in several ways. Those who came from countries with advanced political and economic institutions brought with them faith in those institutions and experi
21、ence in making them work. They also brought technical and managerial skills which contributed greatly to economic growth in the new land. Above all, they helped give America the extraordinary social mobility which is the essence of an open society. In the community he had left, the immigrant usually
22、 had a fixed place. He would carry on his fathers craft of trade; he would farm his fathers land or that small portion of it that was left him after it was divided with his brothers. Only with the most exceptional talent and enterprise could break out of the circumstances in life into which he had b
23、een born. There were no such circumstances for him in the New World. Once having broken with the past, except for sentimental ties and cultural inheritance, he had to rely on his own abilities. It was the future and not the past which he had to face. Except for the Negro slave, the immigrant could g
24、o anywhere and do anything his talents permitted. A large, virgin continent lay before him, and he had only to join it together by canals, railroads and roads. If he failed to achieve the dream of a better life for himself, he could still retain it for his children. These were the major forces that
25、started this massive migration to America. Every immigrant served to reinforce and strengthen those elements in American society that had attracted him in the first place. The motives of some immigrants were commonplace. The motives of others were noble. Taken together they add up to the strengths a
26、nd weaknesses of America. 2 People migrated to America for the following reasons except _. （ A） searching for religious freedom （ B） breaking with past cultural inheritance （ C） escaping political oppression （ D） searching for riches 3 The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony serve as an example
27、 of _. （ A） freedom of worship （ B） religious intolerance （ C） economic success （ D） respect for the rights of man 4 The diversity of religious belief has resulted in _. （ A） religious persecution （ B） discrimination （ C） religious toleration （ D） hostility 5 Slaves were imported from Africa for the
28、 _ reason. （ A） political （ B） economic （ C） cultural （ D） religious 6 The Irish potato famine of 1845 brought _ people to America. （ A） more than a million （ B） a million （ C） almost a million （ D） half a million 7 In what way did immigrants seeking economic freedom contribute to the strength of th
29、e U. S. economy? （ A） They introduced advanced political and economic institutions. （ B） They brought with them technical and managerial skills. （ C） They helped give America social mobility. （ D） All of these. 8 Of the three major factors for the mass migrations to America, which is the most comple
30、x factor? （ A） Economic factor （ B） Religious factor （ C） Political factor （ D） Not mentioned in the text. 9 The pledge of the Declaration of Independence is the promise of _. 10 As a nation conceived in liberty, America has held out to the world the promise of respect for _. 11 In the community he
31、had left, the immigrant usually had _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. Afte
32、r each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） 5:15 （ B） 5:10 （ C） 4:30 （ D） 5:00 （ A） At a publishing house. （ B） At a bookstore. （ C） In a reading room. （ D） In Prof. Jordans office. （ A） Fathe
33、r and his daughter. （ B） Doctor and patient. （ C） Wife and husband. （ D） Student and teacher. （ A） Put off the appointment with the professor. （ B） Help move things to Mr. Johnsons. （ C） Help the woman move items. （ D） Go to find Mr. Johnson. （ A） The woman be more careful. （ B） The woman find a spa
34、re key. （ C） They come downstairs. （ D） They try to think of a solution. （ A） Attend a conference. （ B） Meet his lawyer. （ C） Give a speech. （ D） Make a business trip. （ A） The woman is filming a lake. （ B） The woman is running towards a lake. （ C） The woman cant take a photo of the man. （ D） The wo
35、man is watching an exciting film with the man. （ A） The man is late for the rip because he is busy. （ B） The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person. （ C） The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown. （ D） The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come. （ A） Rice and eggs （ B） Steak
36、 and bacon （ C） Pancakes （ D） Cereal （ A） Because she helped him in the kitchen （ B） Because its the girls birthday （ C） Because she cant cook well （ D） Because her father enjoys cooking （ A） The girls friend drops by and brings breakfast （ B） The father decides to make his daughter fish （ C） The gi
37、rl might be getting married （ D） The girl has no time to have a long chat with the father （ A） Play basketball with friends from work （ B） Try out for the company baseball team （ C） Get in shape and compete in a cycling race （ D） Join a basketball club （ A） She is worried her husband will spend too
38、much time away from home （ B） She is afraid her husband will become a fitness freak （ C） She is concerned about her husbands health （ D） She is worried her husband watches too much TV （ A） He should consume less salt （ B） He should eat less fatty foods （ C） He should add more protein products to his
39、 diet （ D） He should reduce the consumption of sugar （ A） A digital camera （ B） A TV （ C） A stereo （ D） A DVD player Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
40、 once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Social challenge. （ B） Physical challenge. （ C） Economic challenge. （ D） Intellectual challenge. （ A） People jump higher. （ B） Egyptians built pyramids. （ C） Scientists explore the spac
41、e. （ D） Da Vinci made plans for transportation. （ A） They ignore them. （ B） They are afraid of them. （ C） They accept and enjoy them. （ D） They are indifferent to them. （ A） The good points of the federal system. （ B） How power is divided under the federal system. （ C） The difference between the cen
42、tral government and the states. （ D） The different functions of the central government and the states. （ A） Printing money. （ B） Limiting state taxes. （ C） Making treaties with foreign countries. （ D） Passing laws affecting trade between the states. （ A） All the states have respective powers. （ B） T
43、he central government and the states share the same powers. （ C） The powers of the country are fairly divided up between states. （ D） It is the Constitution that specifies the power for the central government and the states. （ A） It is the smallest one of all the stars. （ B） It is the nearest one to
44、 the earth. （ C） It is the biggest one of all the stars. （ D） It is the farthest one from the earth. （ A） The moon. （ B） Other planets. （ C） Both A and B. （ D） Neither A nor B. （ A） Do much research in many fields of science. （ B） Understand people in other countries better. （ C） Both A and B. （ D）
45、Neither A nor B. （ A） The earth is a planet. （ B） Stars in the sky are actually as small as they look. （ C） Satellites are all made by men. （ D） Men can conquer other planets. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you
46、 should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks
47、, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Imagine sending electronic mail to your friend in the U.S.or discussing your gardening problem with a【 B1】 _in Australia, or searching the contents of several university【 B2】_without leaving home. All of this, and more, is
48、 possible when you get connected via the Internet. The Internet is one of the fastest evolving【 B3】 _in the history of computing. This【 B4】_network links people, countries and communities together in【 B5】 _ways. It is not surprising to see an Internet address on TV or a companys Internet address at
49、the bottom of an【 B6】 _in a popular magazine. In the cyberspace world, you will find friends and【 B7】_that share common interests. Together or on your【 B8】 _, you can explore the constantly changing features of the online world. What exactly is the Internet? Simply put,【 B9】 _. What is a computer network? It occurs when two or more computers are connected to one another to share information.【 B10】_.E-mail, certainly the mo
