1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 434及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Good Relationship Between Teacher and Students. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 良好的师生关系对教学很重要 2. 建立良好师生关系的途径 3. 作为一名大学生应该怎么做 二、 Pa
2、rt II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
3、 N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 A Delicate Balance In 1965 the American statesman Adlai E Stevenson said, “We all travel together, passengers on a little spaceship, dependent on its vu
4、lnerable supplies of air and soil. We manage to survive by the care, work, and love we give our fragile craft.“ Our planet is indeed fragile. Every living thing on this planet is part of a complicated web of life, for no organism lives entirely on its own. Every organism is affected by all that surr
5、ounds it whether living or nonliving. And in turn each organism has some effect on its surroundings. Even the most elementary understanding of ecology requires knowledge of this cause/effect relationship all organisms have on each other. Every thing we do to our environment will in one way or anothe
6、r affect the quality of life we experience on this tiny spaceship. If we want the quality of life to be high, we must be more aware that nature is a finely balanced mechanism and that it will not tolerate the abuse we have been giving it. Consider the following examples of human ignorance concerning
7、 the delicate balance of nature. Aswan and Other Fables “Once there was a country that desperately needed food and energy for its growing population. It happened that one of the most magnificent rivers in the world flowed through this country. Each year the river deposited tons of mineral-rich silt
8、on its fertile flood plain before it reached the sea. “Why not dam the river,“ said the countrys leaders, “and use the water to irrigate more land, control the annual spring flooding of the river, and provide hydroelectric power all at the same time?“ The result of this modern-day fairy tale is know
9、n as the billion- dollar Aswan High Dam of Egypt, and not all Egyptians are living happily ever after. “For one thing, as water backed up behind the dam, almost 100,000 Egyptians had to choose between giving up their family homes and being submerged along with ancient and priceless temples that were
10、 part of Egypts cultural heritage. But there have been far more devastating results. Now that the Nile River floodplain is deprived of its annual enrichment with silt, artificial fertilizer has to be trucked in at a cost of 100 million dollars a year a cost carried by the subsistence farmers who mak
11、e, on the average, less than a hundred dollars a year each. Furthermore, now there is nothing to wash away the previous years silt buildup in the soil. And with silt deposits no longer compensating for erosion, the fertile river delta is shrinking and an alarming part of what remains has completely
12、dried up. Restoring the delta with pumps, drains, and wells may cost more than the dam itself.“ “Ironically, evaporation as well as bottom seepage from the new lake filling in behind the dam is so great that the lake basin may never fill up to predicted levels. So nobody can live around the lake bec
13、ause nobody knows for sure where the shoreline will be. More seriously, there is less water to go around than there was before. And even though some 700,000 new acres (about 1.6 million hectares) have been opened up for agriculture, the population outgrew the potential food increase even before the
14、dam was finished. At the same time, with the nutrient-rich flow of the Nile turned off, another major food source-the sardines, shrimp, and mackerel that flourished in the enriched waters off the delta has declined catastrophically. Worse yet, the lake and the irrigation networks have so accelerated
15、 the spread of blood flukes that half the Egyptian populace are now carriers of schistosomiasis (血吸虫病 ). In irrigated areas, where eight out of ten humans live, women can expect to live only to age twenty-seven, men to age twenty-five.“ The Hawaiian Goose Another clear example of human ignorance of
16、natures delicate balance is seen in the near extinction of the Hawaiian Goose or Nene. It was estimated in the late eighteenth century that the population of Hawaiis unique variety of goose stood at about 25,000. In a matter of fifty years the population had dropped to approximately thirty birds. Th
17、ere were undoubtedly multiple causes for the decline in the Nene population, and virtually all of them resulted, either directly or indirectly, from humans. The most disastrous activities of humans included hunting with firearms, ranching activities, and the building of beach resorts. There is littl
18、e doubt that the Nenes near extinction was hastened after shotguns were brought to Hawaii. It seems reasonable to assume that many more Nenes were killed when guns became common. In a similar fashion, as people moved further inland on the islands they began to open more and more land for the develop
19、ment of ranches and beach resorts. These developments forced the geese out of their natural nesting and breeding ranges. As these ranches and resorts became more plentiful, the Nene population accordingly decreased. The most harmful indirect effect of humans activities was the introduction of animal
20、s such as cattle, goats, mongooses, and game birds. When cattle were first brought to the islands, King Kamehameha proclaimed a ten-year protection of the animals. They were allowed to roam the islands unrestrained. They multiplied rapidly, and as they did they moved further and further into the vir
21、gin forests, destroying many of the plants that provided food and shelter for the Nene. The goats that were introduced to the islands were even more destructive to the Nene natural habitat. Because the goats were more agile, not only could they reach the plants at the lower elevations, but they also
22、 moved into the high-lands. In 1882, the mongoose was introduced to Hawaii in hopes that it would control the rats that were doing great damage in the sugar cane fields. The mongoose neither solved the rat problem nor remained in the sugar cane fields. As it moved out of the cane fields, it did what
23、 it does naturally: it became a predator of ground-nesting birds-including the Nene. The game birds introduced to Hawaii (quail, turkey, and guinea hen) all encroached on the Nenes already severely limited natural range. With the limited land space that an island has, the Nene had no escape route an
24、d no time to build defenses against these rapidly arriving unnatural opponents. By the 1940s, the Nene population had dwindled to a number so low that almost nothing could be done to save this unique, tame, land-living goose. It had become a classic example of our unconscious destruction of nature.
25、Mosquito Plague Still another famous incident drives home the intricate relationships within our ecosystem. Some years ago, large quantities of DDT were used by the World Health Organization in a program of mosquito control in Borneo. Soon the local people, spared a mosquito plague, began to suffer
26、a plague of caterpillars, which devoured the thatched roofs of their houses, causing them to fall in. The habits of the caterpillars limited their exposure to DDT, but predatory wasps that had formerly controlled the caterpillars were devastated. Further spraying was done indoors to get rid of house
27、flies. The local gecko lizards, which previously had controlled the flies, continued to gobble their corpses now full of DDT. As a result, the geckos were poisoned, and the dying geckos were caught and eaten by house cats. The cats received doses of DDT, which had been concentrated as it passed from
28、 fly to gecko to cat, and the cats died. This led to another plague, now of rats. They not only devoured the peoples food but also threatened them with yet another plague this time the genuine article, bubonic plague. The government of Borneo became so concerned that cats were parachuted into the ar
29、ea in an attempt to restore the balance. These are only three of many examples of our misunderstanding and mistreatment of the environment. Every thing we do to the environment will in one way or another affect other living things around us. Every time a factory dumps chemicals, a power plant burns
30、coal, a corporation builds a new resort, or hunters overkill a species of animal, a chain reaction is started that may have harmful, long-range consequences. The more we try to understand, control, and compensate for those consequences before they are set in motion, the more harmoniously we will be
31、able to live on this delicately balanced “tiny spaceship“. 2 Everything we do to our environment will _. （ A） improve the complicated web of life （ B） break the finely balanced mechanism of life （ C） affect the quality of life （ D） destroy the cause/effect relationship of life 3 The leaders of Egypt
32、 decided to dam the Nile for the following purposes except _. （ A） using the water to irrigate more land （ B） controlling the flooding of the river in spring （ C） shipping in artificial fertilizer （ D） providing hydroelectric power 4 After the Aswan High Dam was built, _. （ A） almost 100, 000 Egypti
33、ans were submerged along with ancient temples （ B） each year tons of mineral-rich silt were deposited on the Nile River floodplain （ C） artificial fertilizer has to be trucked in （ D） the Egyptians started restoring the delta with pumps, drains and wells 5 Nobody can live around the new lake because
34、 _. （ A） bottom seepage from the new lake is great （ B） one major food source has declined （ C） nobody knows for sure where the shoreline will be （ D） there is the spread of blood flukes in the area 6 In a matter of fifty years the population of the Nene _. （ A） increased from thirty to 2500 （ B） in
35、creased from thirty to 25,000 （ C） dropped from 2500 to thirty （ D） dropped from 25,000 to thirty 7 The mongoose was introduced to Hawaii in the hope that _. （ A） it would protect the Nene （ B） it would control the rats （ C） it would multiply rapidly （ D） it would kill game birds 8 We may infer that
36、 _. （ A） DDT cannot kill the caterpillars （ B） the wasps cause the mosquito plague （ C） with the help of DDT, the local peoples living condition was improved （ D） DDT was unable to reach the caterpillars that had the habit of hiding in the thatched roofs 9 Every living thing on this planet is part o
37、f _, for no organism lives entirely on its own. 10 _ with pumps, drains, and wells may cost more than the dam itself. 11 Some years ago, large quantities of _ were used by the World Health Organization in a program of mosquito control in Borneo. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8
38、 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marke
39、d A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Posting notices on bulletin boards （ B） Placing advertisements in newspaper （ C） Shopping at supermarkets （ D） Selling the mans old piano （ A） Because she has red hair （ B） Because she looks like the missing girl （ C） Because she has black h
40、air （ D） Because her photo is in the newspaper （ A） Pick up the package at the post office （ B） Deliver the package in person （ C） Ask the post office to have the package delivered to his home （ D） Consult the post office when it is open （ A） He is suffering from the difference of time zones （ B） He
41、 has been studying hard at night （ C） He finds biology difficult to learn （ D） He has not adjusted to a new culture （ A） It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer （ B） It was mainly meant for cancer patients （ C） It might appeal more to viewers over 40 （ D） It was frequently interrupted by co
42、mmercials （ A） The man is fond of traveling （ B） The woman is a photographer （ C） The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest （ D） The man admires the womans talent in writing （ A） The man regrets being absent-minded （ B） The woman saved the man some trouble （ C） The man placed the reading list
43、on a desk （ D） The woman emptied the waste paper basket （ A） He quit teaching in June （ B） He has left the army recently （ C） He opened a restaurant near the school （ D） He has taken over his brothers business （ A） The entrance fee was expensive. （ B） People sit down when they bath. （ C） The attenda
44、nt could see him undressing. （ D） People socialize with their neighbors. （ A） A swimming suit. （ B） Shorts. （ C） Nothing. （ D） Bathrobe. （ A） Watch videos. （ B） Drink something, like tea. （ C） Play Japanese chess with friends. （ D） Enjoy some delicious foods. （ A） about 12:00 AM （ B） about 3:00 AM （
45、 C） about 5:00 AM （ D） about 24:00 （ A） a giant deer （ B） a strange man （ C） a hairy alien （ D） a therapist （ A） They should call the fire department （ B） The man should seek counseling （ C） The man should contact the newspaper （ D） They should drive toward where the UFO landed （ A） The banana is st
46、ill green （ B） Their pet ate part of it （ C） The daughter hates bananas （ D） The banana smells weird Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you
47、 hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The care and proper selection of dogs as family pets. （ B） Different breeds of dogs. （ C） Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for. （ D） Different kinds of books about dogs. （ A） Chil
48、dren. （ B） Family. （ C） Parents. （ D） ASPCA. （ A） When you have small children. （ B） When you live in an apartment. （ C） When space is limited. （ D） When you live in the city. （ A） Three minutes. （ B） Two minutes. （ C） One minute. （ D） Five minutes. （ A） To win a competition. （ B） To break a record.
49、 （ C） To deliver the news of victory. （ D） To win the first prize. （ A） Because he is over the fellow runners. （ B） Because he is over former runners. （ C） Because he is over his own body. （ D） Because he wins the prize. （ A） To look for two of her close friends. （ B） To stay at home and study. （ C） To share an apartment with friends. （ D） To move out and live alone. （ A） She couldnt find a good place to stay. （ B） Her friend and she couldnt affo
