1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 440及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 中国的家长一方面苛刻的要求孩子学习各种知识 2.另一方面，中国的家长为孩子提供无微不至的关心和服务 3.我的观点是 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 m
2、inutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the info
3、rmation is not given in the passage. 1 Low-carbon Future： We Can Afford to Go Green Tackling climate change will cost consumers the earth Those who campaign for a green revolution are out to destroy our western lifestyles Such are the cries of opponents of emissions cuts， and their message has polit
4、ical impact： a number of surveys have found that the enthusiasm of voters for policies to reduce climate change falls off as the price tag increases However， a new modelling(模型化 )exercise suggests that these fears are largely unfounded It projects that radical cuts to the UKs emissions will cause ba
5、rely noticeable increases in the price of food， drink and most other goods by 2050 Electricity and petrol costs will rise significantly， but with the right policies in place， say the modellers， this need not lead to big changes in our lifestyle “these results show that the global project to fight cl
6、imate change is feasible， “says Alex Bowen， a climate policy expert at the London School of Economics “Its not such a big ask as people are making out “ Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact
7、 of climate change policies on UK consumers It provides a useful rough guide to our economic future Though its results speak directly to the UK consumer， previous research has come to similar conclusions for the US In June， one study found that if the US were to cut emissions by 50 per cent by 2050，
8、 prices of most consumer goods would increase by less than 5 per cent The findings are also consistent with analyses by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change in Washington DC “Even cutting emissions by 80 per cent over four decades has a very small effect on consumers in most areas， ”says Manik Ro
9、y of the Pew Center “The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-makers that this is the case “ The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends that wealthy nations cut their emissions to between 80 and 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 in order to avoid the worst effects of c
10、limate change The UK government aims to reduce its contribution by 80 per cent and leaders of the other G8 nations have discussed following suit To meet this goal， industries will have to cut down fossil fuel consumption， and low-carbon power sources will have to massively expand. Companies will hav
11、e to pay increasingly higher prices for the right to emit greenhouse gases. How will this affect the average citizens wallet? To measure the impact of the 80 per cent target on the UK population, New Scientist approached Cambridge Econometrics, a firm known for its modelling of the European economy.
12、 The firm used historic economic data to predict the impact of emissions reductions on prices in over 40 categories of goods and services. It compared the impact of the 80 per cent cut with a baseline situation in which the government takes no action other than the limited emissions restrictions alr
13、eady in place as a result of the Ky-oto protocol (京都议定书 ). Most of the price increases are a consequence of rising energy costs, in part because coal and gas are re-placed by more expensive low-carbon sources. The price of electricity is projected to be 15 per cent higher in 2050 compared with the b
14、aseline. In todays prices, that would add around 5 onto typical monthly household electricity bills. It will also result in higher prices elsewhere, as every industrial sector uses electricity. But electricity and other forms of energy make up only a small part of the price of most goods. Other fact
15、ors-raw materials, labour and taxes-are far more important. The energy that goes into producing food, alcoholic drinks and tobacco, for example, makes up just 2 per cent of the consumer price. For motor vehicle purchases and hotel stays, the figure is 1 per cent. Only for energy-intensive industries
16、 does the contribution climb above 3 per cent. As a result, most products cost just a few per cent more by 2050. At current prices, going low-carbon is forecast to add around 5 pence to the price of a slice of bread or a pint of beer. The price of household appliances such as washing machines rises
17、by a few pounds. There is one major exception to the pattern. Airlines do not currently have a low-carbon alternative to jet fuel. Unless one is found, they will bear the full burden of carbon pricing, and average fares will rise by at least 140 per cent-raising the cost of a typical London to New Y
18、ork return trip from around 350 to 840. Achieving the overall picture of low prices does require government action. The model forecasts that by 2050 natural gas and petrol will cost 160 per cent and 32 per cent more respectively. To avoid large price rises in home heating and road transport while st
19、ill hitting the 80 per cent target, the Cambridge researchers had to build two major policies into their analysis. They assumed that future governments will provide grants to help switch all domestic heating and cooking to electricity, and invest in the basic facilities needed for electric cars to a
20、lmost completely replace petroleum-fuelled vehicles. Both policies have been discussed in recent UK government strategy documents, though the detail of how they would be implemented still needs further discussion. Firm policies must follow if ambitious emissions cuts are going to be made, says Chris
21、 Thoung of Cambridge Econometrics. So is tackling climate change going to be easier than expected, in terms of consumer costs? While the Cam-bridge Econometrics model is widely respected and regularly used by the UK governments climate change advisers, any attempt to forecast four decades ahead can
22、be diverted from its intended course by unforeseen events. That leads some economists to question the models results. For example, companies could move to countries with less strict carbon regulations, points out Richard Tol of the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland. Incomes i
23、n the UK would fall, making goods relatively more expensive. Tol also questions whether it is reasonable to use historical prices as a basis for projecting beyond 2020. Despite this, the Cambridge Econometrics results, together with other recent studies, do provide a useful guide for governments, sa
24、ys Michael Grubb of the University of Cambridge. They suggest that the overall challenge is conquerable, even if many of the details will only become clear in years to come. 2 Why does the enthusiasm of the policy-makers to lessen climate change decrease? （ A） Economic recession is widely spread. （
25、B） Western lifestyles are destroyed. （ C） The cost of a green revolution rises. （ D） The environment is improved. 3 According to the modellers, emission cuts wont change the lifestyle, provided that_. （ A） the price of food and drink remains stable （ B） appropriate policies are carried out （ C） elec
26、tricity and pettol costs dont rise （ D） the public has a strong faith in it 4 The studies released in UK and US show that_. （ A） cutting emissions wont affect the price of daily goods much （ B） the two countries situations of the green revolution are different （ C） the consumers strongly support cut
27、ting emission （ D） the most challenging problem is how to stabilize the price 5 Cambridge Econometrics predicted the impact of emissions reductions on prices from_. （ A） computer analysis （ B） past economic data （ C） current categories of goods （ D） a baseline situation 6 Whats the major cause of th
28、e higher price according to the passage? （ A） Higher taxes on carbon emissions. （ B） Changes of the lifestyle. （ C） The rising living standards. （ D） Rising energy costs. 7 Why are the air fares predicted to rise dramatically? （ A） More and more people will take the plane. （ B） No clean energy can r
29、eplace the jet fuel. （ C） Many airlines collapse due to carbon pricing. （ D） The cost of an airline increases for finding new energy. 8 The two major policies built by the Cambridge researchers include_. （ A） imposing higher taxes for petroleum-fuelled vehicles （ B） stabilization of the price of dai
30、ly goods and service （ C） the electrification of residential heating and cooking system （ D） the prohibition of driving petroleum-fuelled vehicles 9 Some economists doubt the models results because the prediction may be diverted by_. 10 Richard Tol points out that goods in UK may become more expensi
31、ve as companies could find other locations with_. 11 The Cambridge Econometrics results provide a useful guide for policy-makers, with a suggestion that the government can_the challenge. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end o
32、f each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A）
33、He used to be in good health. （ B） He was very handsome. （ C） He was somewhat short. （ D） He looked somewhat old. （ A） At an airport. （ B） At a boat dock. （ C） At a weather station. （ D） At a beach. （ A） Telling her daughter not to worry. （ B） Asking the teacher for special help. （ C） Teaching her d
34、aughter by herself. （ D） Having confidence in her daughter. （ A） Take part in the game. （ B） Go to Washington and Los Angeles. （ C） Watch the basketball game. （ D） Miss the game and visit friends. （ A） Shell get her money back from the shop. （ B） She can exchange the T-shirt for a larger one. （ C） S
35、hell have to talk to the manager about it. （ D） She can complain to the Consumers Association. （ A） She forgot to cancel the reservation. （ B） They can go to the restaurant tonight. （ C） She has to work late tonight. （ D） They dont have a reservation. （ A） The man agrees that the workload is heavy.
36、（ B） The man wont be able to go to the lab today. （ C） The man thinks the woman is being unfair. （ D） The man feels the assignment is reasonable. （ A） Michael brought the tape to the party. （ B） The tape had been returned to Jim. （ C） The tape couldnt be found anywhere. （ D） Michael has lent his tap
37、e to Jim. 20 What will the man do for Ashley? （ A） Cancel the class. （ B） Teach the class. （ C） Hand out exam papers. （ D） Collect students homework. 21 How will the man enter Ashleys office? （ A） He will use a master key to open the door. （ B） He will get Ashleys key from the woman. （ C） He will as
38、k the departments secretary for help. （ D） He will force the lock with a hammer. 22 What do we know about Ashley according to the conversation? （ A） She teaches in math department. （ B） She will not recover until Friday. （ C） She often misses classes for being sick. （ D） She has a class to teach on
39、Friday. （ A） Take a job to pay the tuition fees. （ B） Visit his parents in his hometown. （ C） Spend the summer with his friends. （ D） Work as a volunteer in South Africa. （ A） Her home is too far away from her university. （ B） Her parents have been volunteering in South America. （ C） She is too busy
40、 to go back home visiting her parents. （ D） She has to take a part-time job during vacations. （ A） The loaning rate is too high. （ B） Tbe loan procedure is complex. （ C） She wouldnt be able to get a loan. （ D） She hates to have debt burden. （ A） Stay with her parents the whole summer. （ B） Take a fu
41、ll-time job to earn some money. （ C） Go back home and take a part-time job. （ D） Apply for a loan and stay with her parents. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spo
42、ken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 27 When did watches and clocks become common in the United States? （ A） From the 1850s. （ B） From the 1700s. （ C） From the 1800s. （ D） From the 1900s. 28 What was the main purpose of
43、 having a watch during the 1800s? （ A） To know direction. （ B） To measure time. （ C） To show off ones wealth. （ D） To get to work on time. 29 Why was everyone interested in time by 1900? （ A） Everyone needed to measure their spare time. （ B） Everyone wanted to be punctual. （ C） Efficiency meant much
44、 more money. （ D） Efficiency was closely related to time. 30 According to the speaker,what can the present-day robots do? （ A） Drive cars. （ B） Fly planes. （ C） Pay wages. （ D） Repair machines. 31 What do we learn about the“brain“of robots? （ A） It can store many instructions. （ B） It can perform fe
45、w tasks. （ C） It is a symbol of modernization. （ D） It is as clever as human brain. 32 What is the great advantage of robots over human workers? （ A） They are much cheaper than humans. （ B） They never complain about the difficulties. （ C） They can handle all the problems of the job. （ D） They can wo
46、rk for long periods without rest. 33 What do we learn from the words of Bill Clinton? （ A） Ann Richards created a world for all the young people. （ B） Ann Richards was the greatest feminist in the US. （ C） Ann Richards helped young girls find their places. （ D） Ann Richards was a kind-hearted person
47、. 34 According to the speaker,what is the solution to prevent excessive praise and criticism? （ A） Accepting the criticism and ignore the praise. （ B） Understanding the reason behind peoples criticism. （ C） Stopping caring other peoples opinions. （ D） Smiling to all the praise and criticism. 35 What
48、 will the speaker do if someone finds a grammatical mistake in his article? （ A） Thank the person. （ B） Correct it happily. （ C） Ignore the mistake. （ D） Cancel the publication. 36 What will the speaker think if several people enjoyed a topic? （ A） The topic is worth discussing again. （ B） The topic
49、 is funny and meaningful. （ C） The topic needs to be well understood. （ D） The topic has to be changed. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to f
