1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 441及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 近年来越来越多的公共场所禁烟 2这项举措在受到拥护的同时也引发了争议 3你的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage.
2、For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Why Money Doesnt Buy Happiness What do the expert
3、s say? All in all, it was probably a mistake to look for the answer to the eternal question-“Does money buy happiness?“-from people who practice whats called the gloomy science. For when economists tackled the question, they started from the observation that when people put something up for sale the
4、y try to get as much for it as they can, and when people buy something they try to pay as little for it as they can. Both sides in the transaction, the economists noticed, are therefore behaving as if they would be more satisfied, or happier, dare we say, if they ended up receiving more money (the s
5、eller) or holding on to more money (the buyer). Hence, more money must be better than less, and the only way more of something can be better than less of it is if it brings you greater satisfaction. The economistsconclusion: the more money you have, the happier you must be. Suicidal CEOs, miserable
6、magnates (大资本家 ) and other unhappy rich folks arent the only ones giving the lie to this.“Psychologists have spent decades studying the relation between wealth and happiness,“ writes Harvard University psychologist Daniel Gilbert and they have generally concluded that wealth increases human happines
7、s when it lifts people out of extreme poverty and into the middle class but that it does little to increase happiness thereafter.“ That flies in the face of intuition (直觉 ), not to mention economic theory. According to standard economies, the most important commodity you can buy with additional weal
8、th is choice. If you have $20 in your pocket, you can decide between steak and peanut butter for dinner, but if you have only $1 youd better hope you already have a jar of jelly at home. Additional wealth also lets you satisfy additional needs and wants, and the more of those you satisfy the happier
9、 you are supposed to be. The trouble is, choice is not all its cracked up to be. Studies show that people like selecting from among maybe half a dozen kinds of food at the grocery store but find 27 choices overwhelming, leaving them habitually on edge that they could have chosen a better one than th
10、ey did. And wants, which are nice to be able to afford, have a bad habit of becoming needs. Satisfying needs brings less emotional well-being than satisfying wants. What do the common people say? The nonlinear (非线性的 ) nature of how much happiness money can buy comes through clearly in global surveys
11、 that ask people how satisfied they feel with their lives. In a typical survey people are asked to rank their sense of well-being or happiness on a scale of 1 to 7, where I means “not at all satisfied with my life“ and 7 means “completely satisfied.“ Of the American multimillionaires who responded,
12、the average happiness score was 5.8. Homeless people in Calcutta came in at 2.9. But before you assume that money does buy happiness after all. consider who else rated themselves around 5.8: the Inuit of northern Greenland, who do not exactly lead a life of luxury, and the cattle-herding Masai of Ke
13、nya, whose huts have no electricity or running water. And proving Gilberts point about money buying happiness only when it lifts you out of extreme poverty, slum dwellers in Calcutta-one economic rung above the homeless-rate themselves at 4.6. Studies tracking changes in a populations reported level
14、 of happiness over time have also dealt a death blow to the money-buys-happiness claim. Since World War II the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has tripled in the United States. But peoples sense of well-being has barely been altered. Japan has had an even more dramatic rise in GDP per capita
15、 since its postwar misery, but measures of national happiness have been flat, as they have also been in Western Europe during its long postwar boom, according to social psychologist Ruut Veenhoven. An analysis of more than 150 studies on wealth and happiness concluded that “economic indicators have
16、obvious shortcomings“ as approximations of well-being across nations. Thats partly because in an expanding economy, in which former luxuries such as washing machines become necessities, the newly well-off people dont feel the same joy in having a machine do the laundry that their grandparents, sudde
17、nly freed from washboards, did.They just take the machines for granted. Another reason is that an expanding paycheck, especially in an expanding economy, produces expanding aspirations and a sense that there is always one more cool thing out there that you absolutely have to have. If money doesnt bu
18、y happiness, what does? Grandma was right when she told you to value health and friends, not money and stuff. Researchers add ful-fillment, a sense that life has meaning, “belonging to civil and other groups, and living in a democracy that respects individual rights and the rule of law. If a nation
19、wants to increase its populations sense of well-being, says Veenhoven, it should make “less investment in economic growth and more in policies that promote good governance, liberties, democracy, trust and public safety.“ Curiously, although money doesnt buy happiness, happiness can buy money. Young
20、people who describe themselves as happy typically earn higher incomes, years later, than those who said they were unhappy. It seems that a sense of well-being can make you more productive and more likely to show initiative and other traits that lead to a higher income. Contented(知足的 ) people are als
21、o more likely to marry and stay married, as well as to be healthy, both of which increase happiness. If more money doesnt buy more happiness, then the behavior of most Americans looks downright insane, as we work harder and longer, decade after decade. But what is insane for an individual is crucial
22、 for a national economy-that is, ever more growth and consumption. Gilbert again: “Economies can blossom and grow only if people are deceived into believing that the production of wealth will make them happy.Economies thrive when individuals strive, but because individuals will strive only for their
23、 own happiness, it is essential that they mistakenly believe that producing and consuming are routes to personal well-being.“ In other words, if you want to do your part for your countrys economy, forget all of the above about money not buying happiness. 2 How do the economists think of the relation
24、ship between money and happiness? （ A） More money buys more happiness. （ B） More Money buys less happiness. （ C） Money is not a factor of happiness. （ D） Money only brings greater satisfaction. 3 Some unhappy rich folks are presented as examples to_. （ A） reveal that rich people often lie to the pub
25、lic （ B） illustrate further that money can buy happiness （ C） show richness does not necessarily make people happy （ D） show rich people are less happy than poor ones 4 Based on standard economics, additional wealth can provide_. （ A） more happiness （ B） more options （ C） the most important commodit
26、y （ D） additional needs and wants 5 Why may too many choices be negative? （ A） They bring less emotional well-being. （ B） They turn needs into wants. （ C） People may regret about what they bought. （ D） People will be turned into bad habit. 6 The survey proves Gilberts point that money increases happ
27、iness only when_. （ A） basic needs have already been met （ B） it relieves the utmost poverty （ C） it satisfies all peoples wants （ D） it guarantees a life of luxury 7 In an expanding economy, the former luxuries_. （ A） are taken for granted by the new generation （ B） are soon replaced by new ones （
28、C） produce expanding aspirations （ D） free the well-off people from housework 8 According to Veenhoven, a nation can increase its populations sense of well-being by _. （ A） selecting more politicians （ B） launching more laws and rules （ C） concentrating more on economic growth （ D） making more effor
29、t to promote good governance 9 Initiative that leads to a higher income is usually motivated by_. 10 The concept that more money doesnt buy more happiness drives most Americans_. 11 It is necessary for people to believe producing and consuming are routes to personal well-being for a _ economy. Secti
30、on A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. Durin
31、g the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The exact site of the meeting. （ B） The nearest way to the hall. （ C） The position of the building. （ D） The fight way to the back door. （ A） He will quit his job in no time. （ B） He will do a
32、 part-time job. （ C） He wont stay with Mr.William. （ D） He hasnt found a new job yet. （ A） A college campus. （ B） A beautiful park. （ C） An art museum. （ D） An old building. （ A） The service is very slow. （ B） Salad isnt offered. （ C） The prices are too high. （ D） The food is poor. （ A） He didnt kno
33、w what hospital Tom was in. （ B） He took Tom to the hospital. （ C） He felt sorry that the woman hurt herself. （ D） He forgot to telephone the woman. （ A） She was always in good shape. （ B） She stopped exercising one year ago. （ C） Her exercise has yielded good results. （ D） Her previous debts arc al
34、l paid off. （ A） She will lend it to the man. （ B） She will repair it herself. （ C） She asks the man to check it. （ D） She intends to sell it to the man. （ A） Confident. （ B） Worried. （ C） Surprised. （ D） Angry. 20 What can be inferred about the mans brother? （ A） He does the work of making maps. （
35、B） He is reliable on giving directions. （ C） He is a Geographic specialist. （ D） He knows more than a computerized map. 21 What will radar warning systems do for drivers according to the conversation? （ A） They will tell drivers the accident on the road ahead. （ B） They will remind drivers if there
36、is only a little oil left. （ C） They will help drivers sheer off in the opposite direction. （ D） They will give an alarm if drivers get too close to other cars. 22 Why was the man late? （ A） He couldnt find the way. （ B） His ear ran out of oil. （ C） He came at rush hour. （ D） His watch was slow. 23
37、Why does the woman like skiing so much? （ A） She likes to do some extreme sports. （ B） She get much pleasure from skiing. （ C） She was influenced by her parents. （ D） She can show off her skiing skills. 24 What does the woman suggest the mail do? （ A） Spend the whole vacation with her. （ B） Head bac
38、k home for Christmas. （ C） Stay in California and learn to ski. （ D） Try to become a professional skier. 25 How will the woman spend her Christmas? （ A） Ski in California. （ B） Teach the man to ski. （ C） Visit her friends in Europe. （ D） Stay with the mans family. 26 Why doesnt Ashley give the man a
39、 call herself? （ A） She is too busy to spare time. （ B） She has lost her voice. （ C） She doesnt have the mans number. （ D） She doesnt want to talk to the man. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the pas
40、sage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 27 According to the speaker,what is the definition of senior citizens? （ A） People who are over 65 years old. （ B） People whose life is different fr
41、om younger ones. （ C） People who retire from full-time work. （ D） People who live far away from their family. 28 What do most senior citizens care when they are getting older? （ A） Money. （ B） Safety. （ C） Family. （ D） Health. 29 According to the speaker,what kind of communities do senior citizens p
42、refer? （ A） Communities near their family. （ B） Communities in big cities. （ C） Communities in warm climates. （ D） Communities in the countryside. 30 Why are senior citizens gaining more social influence? （ A） The number of senior citizens is increasing rapidly. （ B） The problem of senior citizen be
43、comes more serious. （ C） Senior citizens are less active than before. （ D） More senior citizens are involved in politics. 31 What does the speaker say about Ann Richards? （ A） She was famous for her sharply funny comments. （ B） She served as the governor of Texas for 2 years. （ C） She helped black p
44、eople to get their rights. （ D） She worked as a teacher of four students. 32 What did Ann Richards do before she worked as the treasurer of Texas （ A） Deputy Secretary. （ B） Foreign minister. （ C） Country commissioner. （ D） State governor. 33 Why do people go to craft fairs rather than shopping at s
45、tores? （ A） Things in craft fairs have better quality than in stores. （ B） They want to buy things that are different and original. （ C） It is more convenient to buy things in craft fairs. （ D） They can buy everything they want in craft fairs. 34 What do we learn about the sea in the modem technolog
46、ical world? （ A） It is the largest supplier of valuable minerals. （ B） It will disappear in about thirty years. （ C） It is beginning to grow smaller and smaller. （ D） It offers many resources to help mankind survive. 35 What kind of minerals can we find on the ocean floor? （ A） Iron and copper. （ B）
47、 Gold and copper. （ C） Nickel and bronze. （ D） Iron and bronze. 36 What do the experts believe will happen by the year 2050? （ A） The sea level will be 20 centimeters higher than it is now. （ B） The sea will be empty if we continue fishing at this pace. （ C） The problems to explore the sea will have
48、 been largely solved. （ D） People will depend largely on sea foods and minerals. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, yo
49、u are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains【 B1】 _considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matte
