1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 454及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the Minister of Education. You must base your composition on the following instructions ( given in Chinese ). Your composition should be no less than 120 wo
2、rds. Remember to write it neatly. 假设你是李文，请你就学校假期的安排给教育部部长写一封信，向他建议将学校传统的长假调整为几次短假并陈述相关原因，比如：学习时间过长可能引起过度疲劳，而放假过长则可能导致浪费时间等等。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question
3、s attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The balance of nature
4、is a delicate system of checks and counter-checks. Nature has its own way of checking the life and distribution of the different organisms and helping their growth. An epidemic may be considered natures way of checking population growth. Man in his attempt to conquer nature and to utilise it to his
5、advantage has interfered with the balance of nature, thereby creating problems of a complex nature. Natures ways of maintaining the balance are intricate and not easily understood and mans application of his scientific knowledge and techniques has upset this balance so much that today, being aware o
6、f the disastrous consequences, he takes measures against them. No animal or plant can live in isolation, for different organisms are parts of a vast dynamic complex of living things. As no man. or community is serf-sufficient, no organism can live by itself. When man interferes with the interdepende
7、nce and interrelationships of the different organisms, he is, in effect, upsetting their balanced relationships and his action can have a chain reaction. If we prevent fish eggs from being deposited in a pond, we are allowing an unchecked growth of weeds. The waterfowl which feeds on tadpoles will l
8、ook for alternatives, thereby tending to upset these blanced relationships. It is important that for the preservation of beauty in nature the balance of nature is maintained. Man for his own survival has to make his peace with plant and animal life, the size and distribution of which he has interfer
9、ed with. It is to be noted that in every plant and animal community there is a trend towards a balance between the different species. When each successive species is of. the right number to maintain a constant population, a balance between the different species is maintained and this state is referr
10、ed to as the climax stage. Man is forever upsetting the balance of the climax stage. He has added to the numbers of animals and plants that are useful to him. In the process he has unwittingly helped the increase in the number of insects and vermin and as a result he has to wage a relentless war aga
11、inst them. if man continues to interfere with the balance of nature, it is possible that some animals and birds may soon become extinct. The indiscriminate hunting of whales has reduced the number of some species almost to the verge of extinction and international laws have been drawn up to protect
12、them. The balance of nature is to be maintained in order to prevent soil deterioration. Human intervention has altered the established relationship between the plants of an area and the soil of that area. Animals introduced by man, sheep and goats for example, have led to widespread soil deteriorati
13、on. By cutting down trees or by practising unsuitable systems of agriculture, man destroys the crumb structure of soil, thereby making it susceptible to erosion. Soil erosion results in loss of soil fertility and maintaining soil fertility is considered the biggest problem facing mankind apart from
14、the prevention of war. The increase in world population and the growth of civilisation have been the two major factors that have led man to cut down forests on an unprecedented scale and the erosion caused by the cutting down of huge areas of forests has resulted in floods on a scale hitherto unknow
15、n. Soil erosion can whittle away soil fertility and if adequate and effective measures are not taken it can become a menacing spectre tearing at the prosperity of many countries. Pollution, in its different forms, interferes with the balance of nature. Water pollution affects natures balance in ocea
16、ns, lakes and rivers. Man-made pollution of water is due to municipal sewage, dumping by factories and the depositing of pesticides. Solid wastes can permeate the soil and pollute lakes and rivers. Man has to adopt the philosophy of thrift by conserving natural resources and not destroying them by i
17、nterfering with the balance of nature. He has to exploit natural resources, taking the environment as a whole. He has to practise fertilization, soil conservation and water management to make a balanced use of the resources of nature possible. 2 Natures ways of maintaining the balance are _. （ A） si
18、mple and easily understood （ B） intricate and not easily understood （ C） mysterious and unknown （ D） everchanging 3 Man should take the philosophy of thrift by _. （ A） conserving natural resources and not destroying them （ B） keeping exploring natural resources （ C） developing virgin lands （ D） savi
19、ng natual resources, better not use them 4 The example of tadpoles, fish eggs and waterfowl is used to show that the activities of man could give rise to _. （ A） protecting the enviornment （ B） helping to balance nature （ C） negative chain reactions （ D） killing all the living things 5 If man contin
20、ues to interfere with the balance of nature, it is possible that _ may soon become extinct. （ A） man （ B） all the living things （ C） some plants （ D） some birds and animals 6 By upsetting the balance of the climax stage, man will _ the indiscriminate hunting of whales for food. （ A） encourage （ B） s
21、upport （ C） reduce （ D） prohibit 7 The balance of nature can prevent _. （ A） soil fertility （ B） war （ C） soil deterioration （ D） cutting down forests 8 Water pollution _ natures balance in oceans, lakes and rivers. （ A） affects （ B） cant affect （ C） has nothing to do with （ D） has no matter with 9
22、The balance of nature is to be maintained so as to prevent _. 10 According to the passage, the peoples living of many countries could be seriously threatened by _. 11 We learn from the passage that to maintain the balance of nature, we will have to _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will
23、hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
24、 marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） It takes her long time to be there. （ B） She must have her car repaired. （ C） She must finish something by herself. （ D） She can not find a garage. （ A） They found familiar people. （ B） The lights of their car went off. （ C） The traffi
25、c signs show the wrong place. （ D） They found their way to certain place. （ A） Dialing the number again. （ B） Having the phone repaired. （ C） Leaving a message on phone. （ D） Sending an e-mail. （ A） The speakers voice is very low. （ B） The woman does not care about the speaker. （ C） The woman cant u
26、nderstand the speaker. （ D） The audience are too noisy. （ A） In a hotel. （ B） At a restaurant. （ C） In a department store. （ D） At the airport. （ A） A bunch of flowers is not enough. （ B） Flowers are practical choice. （ C） Something concerning baby is more preferable. （ D） Baby shampoo can last for
27、a long time. （ A） She will have her music player repaired. （ B） She will have her shoes repaired. （ C） She will go to the mall today. （ D） She will go shopping. （ A） The rainbow color is more beautiful. （ B） The woman has too many blouses of this kind. （ C） The blue one looks pretty. （ D） The woman
28、needs the blouse in the rainbow color. （ A） He can not find the plane ticket. （ B） His passport is not available then. （ C） His time schedule is not suitable. （ D） He does not know how to do with the empty apartment. （ A） Because he can never find a cheaper one. （ B） Because it is hard to find anoth
29、er one around that place. （ C） Because it has very convenient facilities. （ D） Because he will come back soon. （ A） He must ask for the agreement of the landlord. （ B） He must collect the entire luggage in the house. （ C） He must have a discussion with his roommate. （ D） He must pay off the rent fee
30、 to the landlord. （ A） She appreciates a lot about the skin of the beauty. （ B） She shows jealousy about the beauty. （ C） She shows satisfaction to the picture. （ D） Make-up can turn the ugly to be the beauty. （ A） They tend to put lots of make-up on face. （ B） They will eat more cucumbers. （ C） The
31、y tend to try natural vegetable on the skin. （ D） They will have some cosmetic surgery on the face. （ A） Cucumbers are rich in water and Vitamin A. （ B） Cucumbers can be used to cure the scar. （ C） Cucumbers can reduce the wrinkles of the face. （ D） Cucumbers are effective in tightening the skin. （
32、A） Try some herbal plants. （ B） Go to the beauty salon. （ C） Have a cosmetic surgery. （ D） Put cucumber on his face. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
33、 once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） No findings made to cure the disease. （ B） Pollution caused by the experiments. （ C） Killing animals for the sake of experiments. （ D） Accidents caused in the laboratories. （ A） Because
34、 scientists insist they are harmless. （ B） Because the protestors arent very big and powerful. （ C） Because they are critical for understanding and curing human diseases. （ D） Because there are enough regulations to protect animals from abuse. （ A） New restriction will be placed on the use of animal
35、s. （ B） The scientists will be forbidden to kill animals. （ C） The government will publish a law to protect animals. （ D） The scientists will advance their treatment of diseases. （ A） Watering the plants. （ B） Settling the house. （ C） Cooking meals. （ D） Travelling. （ A） People and crops. （ B） Life
36、and wealth. （ C） Poverty and death. （ D） Agriculture and bridge. （ A） Man can catch water life in rivers. （ B） The rivers can be used to raise plants. （ C） Many kinds of water sports can be held. （ D） People can get energy from the rivers. （ A） The members send mails to each other. （ B） They meet to
37、 talk about the book after reading. （ C） They live together in order to share the books. （ D） They should write the book report regularly. （ A） Meeting together to discuss books. （ B） Sending emails to discuss books. （ C） Building virtual organization. （ D） Travelling around the world. （ A） Books of
38、 certain writers. （ B） Articles on the Internet. （ C） Books by a famous writer. （ D） Books by a number of writers. （ A） It is named for an important person in the work of the writer. （ B） It is the name of the person who established the club. （ C） It is to show the identity of the club members. （ D）
39、 The expert in the club has given the name to it. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the b
40、lanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The human brain is the most complex structure in
41、 the universe. It contains【 B1】_100 billion nerve cells, each of which has thousands of connections with each other. Their【 B2】 _controls each of the bodys functions, allows thoughts, perceptions, memories, feelings, and also【 B3】 _and communication. Understanding just how the brain works, in health
42、 or in sickness, is one of the greatest【 B4】 _of our time. What is determined by genes, what is formed by experience ? Scientists-are【 B5】 _all aspects of the nervous system. Great progress can be【 B6】 _in visualizing and modeling brain functions, as well as in research into their biological basis.
43、Today, it is【 B7】 _that 30 to 50 percent of human genes exercise their function chiefly in the brain. This gives an【 B8】 _of the complexity of the genetic control and development.【 B9】 _. Half of all genetic diseases affect the nervous system. The brain can only reach its full capability through int
44、eraction with its surroundings.【 B10】 _. How do nerve cell processes find their goal? How do different brain areas develop? How do perceiving functions mature? Thanks to research, the prevention and cure of many brain diseases seems possible for the first time.【 B11】_. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40
45、【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
46、47 They give Action Man a certain ruggedness and bestow instant testosterone (肾上腺激素 ) on movie heroes, and according to British psychologists, facial scars can also make men more attractive to the opposite sex. Men with mild facial scars were typically ranked as more appealing by women who were look
47、ing for a brief relationship, though they were not considered better as marriage material, a study found. In the same experiments, women with facial scars were judged to be as attractive as those without, the researchers said. The sexual allure of the facial scar has long puzzled psychologists. Many
48、 believe they are seen by women as a sign of masculinity and an exciting, risk-taking personality, though in Shakespeares Alis Well that Ends Well, an old lord, Lafeu, takes a different view, commenting: “A scar nobly got, or a noble scar, is a good livery(特殊的外貌 ) of honor.“ Psychologists at the uni
49、versities of Liverpool and Stirling decided to investigate the effects of facial scars by asking ll5 women and 64 men to rate the attractiveness of eight strangers of the opposite sex. Half were asked to look at original face shots, while the other half viewed images that had been digitally manipulated to add scars to their cheeks, jawbones(颌骨 .) or foreheads. While the scars made no difference to the perceived attractiveness of women, scarred men
