1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 468及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write composition on the topic Job Problems for College Graduates， You should write at least 120 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese：1上图所示为 1999年、 2000年、 2001年中国大学生就业率的变化情况，请描述其变化；
2、 2请说明发生这些变化的原因 (可以从高校扩招使得供过寸：求，以及大学生对工作的期望值过高等方面加以说明 )； 3. 你认为如何才能提高大学生的就业率。 Job Problems for College Graduates 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to
3、 the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 History of Public Transportation In
4、 1915, the Morrellville line was extended into Oakhurst and an underpass was built on Fairfield Avenue at the PRR tracks. Twenty additional cars were delivered in 1916 and 1917, replacing many of the older single truck cars. By 1918, the traction company reported that they operated 108 cars over 35.
5、7 miles of track. It should be noted that the number of cars seems high for the size of the city, but at that time the company kept summer cars, winter cars and trailers. Moving along with transportation improvements, the traction company formed a subsidiary, the Traction Bus Co. , to operate motorb
6、us lines that would connect with the streetcar routes. This new company received its charter on Nov. 15, 1922. The first bus began its run seven days later from the Dale trolley loop to Windber, via Geistown. By 1920, the traction company wanted to retire its aging single truck cars. Over the next s
7、ix years, it purchased 45 double truck cars. A number of these were second-hand, coming from Cleveland and Somerset. They also obtained three new cars for the Windber line in 1924 and 20 new ears for other routes in 1926. With the acquisition of the second-hand cars, the company began to paint the c
8、ars and buses Omaha Orange and Panama Sand, with medium gray roof, black undercarriage and striping. In 1929, the company expanded its bus routes with the acquisition of the Southern Cambria and the Beaverdale and South Fork bus lines after the Southern Cambria Railway folded. During 1930, the bridg
9、e over the Stonycreek at Point Stadium was completed, and the city required the traction company to relocate its Coopersdale and Morrellville car lines from tile north side of the river. The first car operated along Point Boulevard (Roosevelt Boulevard) on Oct. 19, 1930. In November 1931, the compan
10、y was placed in receivership for failure to pay interest on its bonds. The receivers ran the system for a year, while refinancing and reorganizing the company on Dec. 3, 1932, retaining the same title. The traction company was hardly out of one trouble when it was hit by another. Rain combined with
11、melting snows caused flooding on March 17, 1936, closing all of the streetcar lines. The Stonycreek washed out much of the Windber line; the Coopersdale car house was under five feet of water; and 10 cars were trapped on the city streets. By the end of March, the company had four of its lines operat
12、ing. However, after surveying the damaged Windber line, it declared that the damage was too extensive to repair, and the cars were terminated on the Benscreek side of the Stonycreek. Buses were substituted over Route 56. With more and more bus routes being added, the traction company, in 1936, saw t
13、he need for closer control. On Jan. 1, 1937, the bus companies were merged into the parent firm. In 1938, Westmont residents requested improved service. Tile Inclined Plane, which carried vehicles for many years, was rebuilt to handle heavier loads, and bus service was initiated via the Inclined Pla
14、ne to Westmont on an hourly basis. Loss in patronage in the late 1930s caused the company to look toward buses to reduce costs on lightly traveled car lines. Dale was motorized on Aug. 2, 1940, but wartime shortages and increased patronage postponed further conversions. World War II caused a transit
15、 boom. During 1941 and 1942, the company was able to purchase 14 used streetcars and 11 new diesel buses. It rebuilt much of the Southmont line, using rail from the old Somerset line, and replaced rail on the Franklin line. The Office of Defense Transportation ordered bus service cut 20 percent and
16、bus and streetcar lines combined to save gasoline and tires. In August 1942, women began training to operate the buses. The American Federation of Labor organized the operators and shop and maintenance employees in 1941. They struck twice in 1943, for one day each, against the War Labor Boards reduc
17、tion in wages. For three successive years, 1942-1944, the company paid a dividend, the first since several years before the companys 1932 reorganization. The year 1943 marked the all-time highest record for riders, with 17,047,406. The citizens of Johnstown had wondered about the advisability of pur
18、chasing additional used cars in 1941 and 1942, but soon they were glad to find space aboard them, as wartime shortages caused all time high-riding records. Beginning in 1945, the company bought all its power from the Pennsylvania Electric Co The out power plant was changed into a substation and two
19、new rectifiers were installed. After several profitable years, the company decided that the streetcars should remain, and it did not resume conversions. Instead, the company surprised the transportation industry when it ignored the second-hand market in March 1945 and placed an order for 17 new trol
20、leys known as PCCs. Financing was arranged for the new cars, as well as 14 buses, loops at Ferndale and Roxbury and two miles of new track for the Franklin line. On Jan. 25, 1947, the first of the new cars arrived. They represented the latest work in public conveyances. These new cars were the first
21、 “all electric“ St. Louis cars, and Johnstown was the smallest city in the country to operate them. In September 1951, tile company began to convert Homer Street to trackless trolley operations. The first trackless coaches ran on Nov. 20. Service on the line was provided by six 48-seat coaches of St
22、. Louis Car Co The mid 1950s brought an industrial slowdown, which reduced service to five PCCs on 30-40 minute headways. The Franklin line was temporarily cut back, in 1956, to the west end of the Franklin Borough Bridge while a new bridge was being erected. A crossover was installed to allow ears
23、to be cut back, and again the old double-end cars saw service on the line. Surprisingly, at this late date, new rail was installed on the new bridge, and the PCCs had resumed service. Buses were substituted on the Benscreek line during 1957, and overhead work was begun on the Roxbury-Morrellville tr
24、ackage in preparation for conversion to trackless trolley service. In June of the same year, the company purchased 10 second-hand trolley coaches from Wilmington, DE, and 11 from Covington, KY. These were reconditioned and painted in the company shops. Ferndale and Coopersdale were converted to bus
25、operation on Nov. 25, 1959. During 1959, the last full year of trolley service, the company had 38 cars (16 PCCs, 18 Light-weights, 4 work), 27 trolley coaches and 45 buses. It operated 27.04 miles of streetcar lines and 7.7 miles of trackless trolley route. All rail operations were halted on June 1
26、1, 1960, and buses we e substituted. This conversion, prompted by the citys institution of a one-way street system, occurred before the Roxbury-Morrellville line could be completely converted to use by the trackless trolley coaches. This service began on Sept. 26, 1960, after the city paved the cent
27、er of Roxbury Avenue. Trackless trolley operations were terminated and converted to bus service in November 1967. 2 In order to retire its aging single truck cars, over the next six years, the company bought double truck cars, half of which were second-hand, coming from Cleveland and Somerset, partl
28、y for lack of money. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 On March 17, 136, rain combined with melting snows caused flooding, closing all of the streetcar lines. The Stonycreek washed out much of the Windber line; the Coopersdale car house was under five feet of water; 10 cars were trapped on the city streets;an
29、 （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 World War caused a transit prosperity during 11 and 1The company was able to buy 1 used streetcars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Johnstown was the smallest city and the first city in the country to operate “all electric“ St. Louis cars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 On June 11, 160 bus
30、es replaced all rail operations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The industrial slowdown in the mid 10s reduced service to only two PCCs on 300 minute headways. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Trackless trolley operations were done away with and replaced by bus service in November 1 （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In 11 an
31、d 12 the citizens of Johnstown had thought about advisability of building _. 10 When the company ordered 17 pccs in March 1, it gave a surprise to the_. 11 During 17 a crossover was began to prepare conversion to_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
32、 conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide whi
33、ch is the best answer. （ A） Go to another performance. （ B） Go to see a movie. （ C） Go to the next performance. （ D） Go to that performance late. （ A） The man met Mr. Smith an hour ago. （ B） The woman has written down Mr. Smiths phone number. （ C） The woman forgot to write down the number. （ D） The
34、woman needed paper to write down the number. （ A） On board of the plane. （ B） In a theater. （ C） In an office. （ D） In the subway. （ A） The woman didnt come to visit the man. （ B） The woman doesnt like the orange juice. （ C） The man broke the container of juice. （ D） The man was in a car crash this
35、morning. （ A） He is annoyed by her. （ B） He agrees with her. （ C） He expresses no opinion. （ D） He disagrees with her. （ A） Susan accepted the alarm. （ B） She told Susan not to study late at night. （ C） She had often advised Susan to study. （ D） Susan is too tired to study any more. （ A） To make an
36、appointment. （ B） To attend a party. （ C） To go to work. （ D） To look after the children. （ A） They will take the translation work despite attending night class. （ B） They took the night class to accept the translation work. （ C） They wont accept the translation work because it is useless. （ D） They
37、 wont accept the translation work due to less time. （ A） A letter of invitation. （ B） A letter of recommendation. （ C） A letter of complaint, （ D） An application letter. （ A） The man. （ B） The woman. （ C） The man and the woman. （ D） The man, woman and several friends. （ A） 11 hours. （ B） 7 hours. （
38、C） 6 hours. （ D） 8 hours. （ A） A student and a professor. （ B） Two students. （ C） Two dentists. （ D） A dentist and a patient. （ A） He had a toothache. （ B） He was sick. （ C） He overslept. （ D） He drank too much. （ A） California dental schools. （ B） A little-known fact about George Washington. （ C） U
39、ses of animals in research. （ D） George Washingtons sleep habits. （ A） He had many bad habits. （ B） He had false teeth that were made of wood. （ C） He established a dental school. （ D） He once hunted elephants. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
40、 passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） English settlers. （ B） Native farmers, herdsmen and hunters. （ C） Missionaries, civil serva
41、nts and professional people. （ D） German settlers. （ A） To win over control of Kenya from the Germans. （ B） To take strategic resources from Kenya. （ C） To control Kenya before all others. （ D） To see the Kenyans lives improved. （ A） Because the British didnt have the right to do so. （ B） Because th
42、e soldiers didnt know fainting. （ C） Because the soldiers didnt like to go to Kenya. （ D） Because the land in Kenya is unfit for farming. （ A） Five. （ B） Two. （ C） Four. （ D） Three. （ A） Business people. （ B） People on vacation. （ C） People who want to live in a hotel. （ D） People who want to live a
43、t the seashore. （ A） Ten rooms. （ B） Thirty thousand rooms. （ C） Several hundred rooms. （ D） About three thousand rooms. （ A） Your eyesight. （ B） Your driving ability. （ C） Your cars mechanical condition. （ D） Your knowledge of traffic regulations. （ A） To practice driving with an experienced driver
44、. （ B） To drive under normal highway condition. （ C） To have the car checked by the license officer. （ D） To use it as an identification card. （ A） The license office provides the test vehicle. （ B） The examiner shows how to start, stop or park. （ C） The examiner watches you driving in your car. （ D
45、） The test is carried out where there is little traffic. （ A） Drivers to be. （ B） Traffic regulation makers. （ C） License examiners. （ D） Policemen. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully fo
46、r its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the ex
47、act words you have just heard or write down the 36 One of the most widely abused drugs all over the world is Alcohol. What happens when a person drinks too much? Many【 B1】 _things can occur. There are many short-term【 B2】 _including nausea, memory loss, loss of judgment, or even death. There are man
48、y【 B3】 _effects as well including damage to the heart, brain damage, and cirrhosis of the liver. Some people abuse alcohol by drinking too much, too often, and many times【 B4】 _Others, though, may do the same thing but go beyond just【 B5】 _alcohol. They suffer from alcoholism, a disease in which a p
49、erson is physically and emotionally【 B6】 _to the substance. How does alcoholism develop? It develops in stages. There are four steps in fact: problem drinking,【 B7】 _, dependence, and alcoholism. The first stage, problem drinking, often begins as social drinking and then goes wrong. Instead of drinking only as a part of a social situation, an individual starts to【 B8】 _alcohol to avoid boredom, depression, or other problems. The more the individual drinks, the more the person bec
