1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 495及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed, 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1有些人愿意和父母居住在一起 2有些人想自己独立居住 3我的看法 Styles of Living 二、 Part II Readi
2、ng Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO)
3、 if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Gulf Wracked By Katrinas Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, Mold A month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now straggling
4、with the latest crisis in the region: contamination(污染 ). Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says. The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medica
5、l services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back. “I dont think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint,“ said Miriam Aschkenasy, an
6、 environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region. Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物 ) left behind by Katrinas polluted floodwaters. Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well
7、 as varying quantities of arsenic. The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge (淤泥 ) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of flood
8、ed homes, stores, hospitals, and schools. “When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment,“ said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. “Its in their yards and houses.“ Old Pollution Resurfacing Plaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula s
9、outh of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita. “Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge,“ Subra reported. Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was l
10、ifted up by Katrinas and Ritas storm surges. The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana. “These water bodies have received in
11、dustrial wastes for decades,“ she said. “This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品 ).“ Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling
12、7.4 million gallons (28 million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained. Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. “The sewage treatment plants were underwater,“ he explained.
13、“Between the animal waste and the human waste, youve got a lot of bacteria.“ Protection Kits Health and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs. EPA of
14、ficials are directing people to its Web site (www.epa.gov) to inform themselves of the contamination risks. But most people returning to the area dont have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group. “If
15、you do read the Web site,“ he added, “you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it.“ To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit. Each kit would conta
16、in waterproof suits, goggles (风镜 ), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards. Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities. The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $10
17、0 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana. “The governor is really in favor of this,“ Subra said. “We just have to determine how were going to fund them.“ Toxic Mold Blooms In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flood
18、ed homes. “The mold is growing everywhere-homes are just coated with it,“ Subra said. The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than tan squar
19、e feet (one square meter), they urged. “Those surfaces that cant be cleaned need to be removed,“ said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, wher
20、e respiratory (呼吸的 ) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting. “Were seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold,“ said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. “And mouth sores from the bad water.“ Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood z
21、one have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems. To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections. “People had
22、 open wounds and walked through floodwater with sewage in it,“ CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. “And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio.“ Disaster Response Care “This is a highly contaminated area,“ said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMAs disaster-response medical
23、teams in Louisiana and Alabama. Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleanin
24、g debris. The rudimentary (根本的 ) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said. “They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning,“ she said. “There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts
25、 of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.“ Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses. All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But its too soon to know if these ailments
26、are related to contamination, the CDCs Roebuck said. “Were looking at that question,“ he said. “Wed like to know the answer.“ 2 The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted
27、with oil and sewage. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health and environmental agencies. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The Southern Mutual
28、Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken
29、hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 To date, six people have died from _. 10 The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get _. 11 All of these conditions are to be expected after _. Section A Direc
30、tions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the paus
31、e, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） A holiday. （ B） Luck. （ C） Work （ D） An accident. （ A） She prefers the stadium. （ B） She agrees with the man. （ C） The light isnt bright enough. （ D） The dining hall isnt large enough. （ A） Two hours by
32、 train. （ B） One hour by train. （ C） One hour by bus. （ D） One hour by car. （ A） English. （ B） Canadian. （ C） Australian. （ D） Austrian. （ A） Straight ahead on the street. （ B） On the right. （ C） On the left. （ D） Over there. （ A） Crowns. （ B） Mrs. Petersons, （ C） Peters. （ D） Mr. Petersons. （ A） De
33、ntist and patient. （ B） Schoolmates. （ C） Roommates. （ D） Workmates. （ A） Because she was not at home. （ B） Because she didnt hear the telephone ring. （ C） Because she was washing her hair. （ D） Because she didnt want to answer. （ A） His notes are poor. （ B） His vision is getting worse. （ C） He has
34、missed a couple of classes. （ D） He doesnt have any money to buy notes. （ A） At a library. （ B） At a copy shop. （ C） At a laboratory. （ D） At a coffee shop. （ A） That they skip class. （ B） That they get some rest. （ C） That they study together. （ D） That they go to the cafeteria. （ A） Theyve lost th
35、eir suitcases. （ B） They cant find their dormitory. （ C） Their dorm rooms have been given to other students. （ D） Theyve missed the bus to their dormitory. （ A） Its far from the academic buildings. （ B） No buses go to it. （ C） There are few first-year students living there. （ D） Its older than the o
36、ther dormitories. （ A） Its fast. （ B） It runs at inconvenient times. （ C） It runs at convenient times. （ D） Its slow. （ A） They can get exercise. （ B） Its boring. （ C） They can go by bike. （ D） Its interesting. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each
37、 passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） That drugs should not be used without doctors advice. （ B） That drugs and substances are di
38、fferent. （ C） That substances should be used in a scientific way. （ D） That the misuse of substances is harmful. （ A） People will become seriously ill. （ B） People will become dependent on them. （ C） They will make people feel tired. （ D） They will give people headaches. （ A） They are beneficial for
39、 ones nerves. （ B） They are good for social occasions. （ C） They may make people sick. （ D） They should be used in a limited way. （ A） Entertainment. （ B） Studying in a local college. （ C） Seeking physical fitness. （ D） Finding peace and quiet. （ A） On TV or by radio. （ B） At home. （ C） On the job m
40、arket. （ D） At a local institution of education. （ A） Some people retire from present jobs for adult education. （ B） Self-improvement has become a national passion. （ C） Working mothers are especially fond of adult education. （ D） Self-improvement is popular with young people. （ A） A special kind of
41、 school. （ B） Different technical schools. （ C） The Educational system in the U. S. （ D） Continued Education in the U. S. （ A） The school lays emphasis on applied courses. （ B） The students learn a lot of theoretical knowledge at school. （ C） The students finance their own education. （ D） The school
42、 also offers courses in self-improvement. （ A） They keep in contact with the job-market. （ B） They do a lot of fieldwork. （ C） They have regular conferences with employers. （ D） They have had working experiences before. （ A） Useful skills. （ B） Applied courses. （ C） Finding a job. （ D） Working close
43、 with the teachers. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 w
44、ith the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a【 B1】 _, t
45、hey will cause a【 B2】 _According to several leading【 B3】 _psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. Generally, the child will be only too【 B4】 _of what the parent expects, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great【 B5】 _to children. Howev
46、er, if parents are not too【 B6】 _about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may【 B7】 _in doing very well-especially if the parents are very【 B8】 _of their child. Michael Li is very lucky.【 B9】 _. Although Michaels mother knows very little about music,
47、 Michaels father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling. Michaels friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky.【 B10】 _. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him in every piano competition
48、 held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. “【 B11】_“.Winstons father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section
49、 A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the b
