1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 52及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Overseas Studying. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese 1. 目前出国留学现象很普遍 2. 形成这种现象的原因及不同人对此的看法 3. 我的观点 Overseas Studying 二、 Part
2、II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N
3、(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 All Kinds of Taxes Throughout history taxes have been imposed on many unusual things such as hats, beds, baths, marriages, and funerals. At one time Englan
4、d imposed a tax on sunlight by collecting from every household with six or mom windows. And according to legend, there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjects. Why? To pay for wear and tear of his teeth! In a democracy, one of the most difficult decisions
5、governments have to make is what kinds of taxes to collect. It is doubtful whether lawmakers could design a tax that would meet with everyones approval. On the other hand, a tax that is not acceptable to most people could prove politically unpopular. Those responsible for enacting(制定 ) the tax might
6、 be replaced at the next election. Different kinds of taxes help to spread the tax burden. Anyone who pays a tax is said to “bear the burden“ of the tax. The burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on origins. That is why the three levels of government in this country use several
7、kinds of taxes. This spreads the burden of taxes among more people. From the standpoint of their use, the most important taxes are income taxes; property taxes; sales taxes; and estate, inheritance, and gift taxes. Some are used by only one level of government; others by two or even all three levels
8、. Together these different taxes make up what is called our tax system. Income taxes are the main source of federal revenue. The federal government obtains more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxes. As its name indicated, an income tax is a tax on earnings. Both individuals and busine
9、ss corporations pay a federal income tax. The oldest tax used in the United States today is the property tax. It provides most of the income for local governments. It provides at least a part of the income for all but a few states. It is net used by the federal government. A sales tax is a tax on pu
10、rchases. Most people living in the United Sates know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four states. Actually there are several kinds of sales taxes, but only three of them are important. They are general sales taxes, excise taxes(货物税 ), and import taxes. Other three closely related ta
11、xes are estate, inheritance and gift taxes. Everything a person owns, including both real and personal property, makes up his or her estate. When someone dies, ownership of his or her property or estate passes to one or more individuals or organizations. Before the property is transferred, however,
12、it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount. An inheritance is property, money, or securities received by one person from the estate of another person following that persons death. An inheritance tax is a tax based on the value of an inheritance. The person who receives the
13、inheritance pays the tax. Again, an inheritance is taxed only if its value is more than a certain amount. A person might give away most of his or her money and property before death to avoid estate and inheritance taxes. He or she might, except for one thing the gift tax. A gift tax is imposed on an
14、y gift of property, money, or securities that is valued over a certain amount. The federal government imposes both estate and gift taxes. Most states use the inheritance tax. A few use the estate tax in addition or instead. At least 12 states collect gift taxes. As you already know, the earnings of
15、most workers are taxed to pay for retirement, survivors, and disability insurance(退休、抚恤和伤残保险金 ). This is better known as the social security tax. It should not be confused with the income tax which is also a tax on earnings. Social security taxes are used for a specific purpose. Income taxes are use
16、d for many purposes. Some people claim that the social security tax is not really a tax but an insurance premium(额外费用 ). It is compulsory(强制性的 ), however. And the money is used to pay for benefits received from government; That is why it is called a tax. The purpose of taxes is to provide revenue. O
17、ne way to judge a tax, therefore, would be on the basis of how much revenue it provides. But there are other factors that must be considered. Is it a fair tax? Is it easy to collect? Is it direct? Does it have harmful economic effects? A tax should be fair. When it comes to taxes, fairness is very i
18、mportant. A tax is usually considered fair if it is imposed on each person according to his or her ability to pay. When applied to taxes, the term “easy to collect“ has several meanings. One is that the tax should be easy to en- force. If people can find ways to get out of paying a tax without being
19、 caught, it is not easy to enforce. “Easy to collect“ also means that the tax should not be expensive to collect. Another thing “easy to collect“ means is that payment of taxes should be convenient. Taxpayers shoed not be put to a lot of trouble or additional expense to pay their taxes. A tax should
20、 be direct. Tim person on whom a tax is imposed is not always the one who actually pays it. The reason is that some taxes can be shifted. The person taxed is able to pass on the tax to someone else. A tax that can be shifted to someone else is called an indirect tax. A tax that cannot be shifted is
21、a direct tax. There are two reasons why it is better if taxes are direct rather than indirect. One is that a direct tax can be based more nearly on ability to pay. Another reason direct taxes are better than indirect taxes is that people know they are paying them. When people know how much tax they
22、pay, they are likely to take an interest in how their tax money is spent. This is important in a democracy where citizens are able to influence the decisions of government. The Uffited States ranks near the top among nations that rely on direct taxes, it is close to the bottom on its use of indirect
23、 taxes. 2 The passage introduces some kinds of taxes and the factors to judge a tax. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 If a tax is not accepted by most people, it will be modified next year. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 In the United States, all kinds of taxes are used by the federal government. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
24、 NG 5 It is the federal government that collects the property tax which provides income for it. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Only four states in the United States do not use sales tax which include general sales taxes, excise taxes, and import taxes. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 A person who receives the inhe
25、ritance needs to pay for it no matter how much he has received. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Some states use the estate tax in addition to inheritance test and some use gifts tax. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Compared with the income tax, the social security tax is more like a(an)_. 10 A tax which is easy to
26、collect should not involve a lot of trouble and_. 11 The taxpayers are interested in how their tax money are used and can affect_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
27、 about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The woman is complaining about Mary. （ B） The man has be
28、en helping Mary with her studies. （ C） Mary did better than expected in the team. （ D） Mary should consider dropping out of the team. （ A） Her name is on the top of the list. （ B） She is expecting a job interview. （ C） She will be the last to be interviewed. （ D） She must fix a date for the job inte
29、rview. （ A） He is living in an apartment in the city. （ B） He is helping his brother look for an apartment. （ C） He already found an apartment. （ D） lie is looking for an apartment with a girl. （ A） She didnt like the weather. （ B） She felt exhausted. （ C） She disliked the pollution. （ D） She didnt
30、like the scenery. （ A） He likes the country, but hates the drive. （ B） He likes driving to work in the morning. （ C） He hates the country, but like the drive. （ D） He can drive crazily in the country. （ A） Talk about a subject in class. （ B） Listen to a radio program. （ C） Write an article. （ D） Rea
31、d something. （ A） She doesnt like to go skiing. （ B） She went skiing yesterday. （ C） She prefers chatting on the Internet to studying. （ D） She is very lazy. （ A） To get another ticket at the door. （ B） To cancel the concert. （ C） To exchange the ticket for a better one. （ D） To try to sell the tick
32、et. （ A） He cant find his office key. （ B） He has misplaced some exams. （ C） He is unable to talk. （ D） He doesnt like his classroom. （ A） Teach Dons class while hes absent. （ B） Give Professor Webster the key to Dons office. （ C） Leave a message on the board in Dons classroom. （ D） Bring Don the ho
33、mework that was due today. （ A） To put the homework on Dons desk. （ B） To leave the master key for Don. （ C） To give Dons students the next assign meat. （ D） To call Don at the end of the afternoon. （ A） Teacher and student. （ B） Employer and employee. （ C） Friends. （ D） Classmates. （ A） In a hospit
34、al. （ B） In Jerrys office. （ C） In Ms. Sherwins office. （ D） In Jerrys home. （ A） To ask for a few days off. （ B） To talk about his daughter. （ C） To send his wife to hospital. （ D） To talk about his job. （ A） Next Friday. （ B） Next Saturday. （ C） The first Monday after next Friday. （ D） Sunday. Sec
35、tion B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To vi
36、sit a friend. （ B） To see his parents. （ C） To pay for the cash register. （ D） To have more gas for his car. （ A） He called his friend for help. （ B） The couple offered to help him. （ C） The couple sent him a business card. （ D） He had it pulled back to the gas station. （ A） How to deal with car pro
37、blems. （ B） How to write a thank-you letter. （ C） The kindheartedness of older people. （ D） The importance of expressing thanks. （ A） Because you can plan and have control of the needed time. （ B） Because you can control the form filling with enough time. （ C） Because everything connected with appli
38、cation forms is easier. （ D） Because it is easier to collect information about pre-employment. （ A） Each question in a form. must be answered. （ B） Everything in a form must be read carefully. （ C） Something of your interest is most important. （ D） The conditions that interest you are changeable. （
39、A） It depends on your position to settle everything in a form. （ B） Questions in a form are more important than your position. （ C） You have little right to determine the conditions you like most. （ D） You must change a preprinted application before it is discussed. （ A） The educational values of th
40、e Indians. （ B） The colleges of the northern provinces. （ C） The talk between the Indians and the officials. （ D） The problems of the Americans in the mid-eighteenth century. （ A） To show their pride. （ B） To describe Indian customs. （ C） To politely refuse a friendly offer. （ D） To express their op
41、inions on equal treatment. （ A） They were being insulted by the offer. （ B） They had a better way of educating young men. （ C） They knew more about science than the officials. （ D） It would be better for their boys to receive some schooling. （ A） Because the Indians also educate young women. （ B） Be
42、cause the Indians had different goals of education. （ C） Because the Indians taught different branches of science. （ D） Because the Indians should teach the sons of the officials first. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first
43、 time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For th
44、ese blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be 【 B1】 _ challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stre
45、ss for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or 【 B2】 _ and research has 【 B3】 _ that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been 【 B4】 _ as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are 【 B5】 _ years for learning about oneself. Youn
46、g athletes can, for example, learn how to 【 B6】 _ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used 【 B7】 _ their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their 【 B8】 _ to youngsters can greatly affect their children. 【 B9】 _. The outcome of the game sho
47、uld not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons, In todays youth sport setting, 【 B10】 _. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the ou
48、tcome. 【 B11】 _. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the state
49、ments in the fewest possible words. 48 Humans and nearly all other animals vary their level of activity according to the time of day. Daily rhythms are not simply responses to daylight and darkness or to other signs of the time of day. They are generated by the animals themselves. This is shown by experiments in which animals live in artificial surroundings that do not vary with time of day. They experience no daylight, no darkness, no day-ni
