1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 564及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a want ad for the School Magazine with the title Assistant Editor Wanted. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the following points: 1. duties and requirements of the
2、post 2. means of contact and other necessary information 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if t
3、he statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Pollutants are substances which, when present at high enough concentrations, produce harmf
4、ul effects on people and/or the environment. Sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide is produced when coal and oil are burnt or when minerals are “roasted“ to remove the sulfur. In some countries, particularly in the northern hemisphere, coal and oil contain significant amounts of sulfur. Unless special steps
5、 are taken to remove sulfur dioxide, it is released into the atmosphere. Power stations and industrial plants, which are often sited close to cities, can produce large quantities of the gas. As well as affecting human health, sulfur dioxide can be harmful to plants, turning leaves yellow and drying,
6、 bleaching, and even killing, foliage. In the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide can form acidic particles, or react with cloud droplets, contributing to acid rain. Particles Particles in the air come from a number of sources, including motor vehicles, industrial processes and wood burning. Secondary format
7、ion of particles(formation from gaseous emissions )can also contribute significantly to particle levels. Some atmospheric particles are from natural sources. These include wind-blown dust, pollen, sea salt, and material from volcanic eruptions. Fine particles(particles with a diameter of 10 micromet
8、res or less)can be inhaled deeply into the lungs and have been associated with a wide range of adverse respiratory symptoms. Long-and short-term exposure to such particles has been linked with increased deaths from heart and lung disease. Lead compounds, which are emitted by motor vehicles fuelled w
9、ith leaded petrol, are cumulative poisons. They slowly build up in the body. Urban haze Urban haze is mainly due to fine particles, which cause scattering or absorption of light. Haze is typically brown and limits visibility. Studies by CSIRO scientists have found that there are several types of par
10、ticles present in haze in Australian cities: organic carbon compounds, elemental carbon or soot, salt, sulfates, nitrates and dust. Photochemical smog Sometimes, under certain meteorological conditions, the combined effects of a number of air pollutants are worse than the individual effects. Photoch
11、emical smog, sometimes seen as a whitish haze present over cities during summer, is an example of this. Photochemical smog is formed on still days when the sun shines on air containing volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and oxides of nitrogen. Volatile organic compounds include hydrocarbons, as well as
12、 alcohols, aldehydes and ethers. VOCs in the air arise mainly from automotive fuels and industrial solvents. Chemical reactions driven by sunlight and involving VOCs and oxides of nitrogen form ozone, a gas harmful to humans, animals and plants. Air quality indoors Australians on average spend about
13、 ninety-five percent of their time indoors and many pollutants occur at higher concentrations indoors than outdoors because of the materials and appliances used in buildings. Many peoples main exposure to air pollutants occurs when they are indoors, such as at home, in the workplace or in entertainm
14、ent venues. Researchers are working towards measuring individual exposure to pollutants. That is, a measure of the actual exposure that people have to air pollutants during their daily routines, rather than measures of pollution at fixed locations. CSIRO regularly uses personal air pollution detecto
15、rs, which monitor concentrations of pollutants that people breathe. The inexpensive samplers offer scientists, environmentalists, engineers and others a simple but accurate way of measuring selected pollutants in air. The sampler, based on a Swedish design, is small and requires no electricity so is
16、 ideal for remote use. Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and other gases can be measured with the device. Acid rain Pure rainwater is slightly acidic, primarily because of dissolved carbon dioxide. Air also contains naturally occurring organic acids and acidic particles. The pH of unpolluted
17、 rainwater ranges from about 6 to just below 5. Fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes release into the air compounds containing oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. These compounds may then dissolve in cloud droplets, making rainwater more acidic. As well, sulfur-and nitrogen-containing particle
18、s may mix through the atmosphere, eventually coming into direct contact with the ground and vegetation. In other words, the pollutants can reach the ground in a wet or dry form. Both forms can harm soil, lakes, plants, buildings and people. Acidic pollutants released by one country can travel hundre
19、ds, or even thousands, of kilometres before being deposited. Acid rain is a real problem in Scandinavian countries, a large fraction being due to pollution released by other European countries. There is more industrial activity in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. Industry als
20、o tends to be concentrated in particular regions. This is why acid rain problems are worse in the northern hemisphere. The main regions affected are north-western Europe and eastern United States and Canada. Japan and parts of China also have acidity problems. Air pollution in Australia Compared wit
21、h cities such as Los Angeles, Mexico City and Athens, air pollution problems in Australia are minor. In part, this is due to the fact that we have fewer sources of pollution, and local winds tend to rapidly disperse pollution over our cities. Australia has a relatively small population. We are surro
22、unded by oceans and do not receive masses of polluted air from other countries. Our oil and coal contain less sulfur than much of the oil and coal produced in other countries. Nevertheless, each year, Sydney, Melbourne and other large Australian cities experience days of high air pollution. Summer a
23、nd autumn are usually the worst times of the year. Reducing air pollution Government legislation and tighter emission controls by industry have produced a marked improvement in air quality in many parts of the world. Many methods of lowering emissions have been developed. In Australia, the emphasis
24、is on prevention and early identification of air quality problems. Domestic burning off adds to air pollution. In Australian cities, many municipalities have banned the use of incinerators. Agricultural and forest management practices that do not involve burning can also reduce the release of visibi
25、lity-reducing particles. However, motor vehicles present a significant and growing air pollution threat and are Australias single greatest source of atmospheric pollutants. Since 1986, new cars in Australia have had catalytic converters in their exhaust systems. These converters reduce the amounts o
26、f oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and unburnt petrol escaping into the air. Use of unleaded petrol is lowering the amount of lead in the urban environment. Industrial activity, power generation and vehicle numbers in Australia are still increasing. Action today will help prevent us suffering the
27、 major air pollution problems currently being experienced in many other parts of the world. 2 This passage discusses various pollutants affecting urban and regional areas. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Sulfur dioxide is not so harmful to human health as to plants. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Poisonous particl
28、es, such as lead compounds, are cumulative and can build up slowly in the body. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Urban haze, the scattering or absorption of light, is caused by fine particles. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Photochemical smog is formed on rainy days when chemicals are combined with smoke. （ A） Y （
29、B） N （ C） NG 7 As for air quality indoors, Australians suffer a higher concentration of pollutants than people in other regions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The pH of polluted rainwater ranges from about 6 to just below （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Acid rain problems are worse in the northern hemisphere beca
30、use there is more _ in this region. 10 The seasons of high air pollution in Australia each year usually are _. 11 Australias single greatest source of atmospheric pollutants is _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each
31、conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man
32、 hates to lend his tools to other people. （ B） The man hasn t finished working on the bookshelf. （ C） The tools have already been returned to the woman. （ D） The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing. （ A） Save time by using a computer. （ B） Buy her own computer. （ C） Borrow Martha s com
33、puter. （ D） Stay home and complete her paper. （ A） He has been to Seattle many times. （ B） He has chaired a lot of conferences. （ C） He holds a high position in his company. （ D） He lived in Seattle for many years. （ A） Teacher and student. （ B） Doctor and patient. （ C） Manager and office worker. （
34、D） Travel agent and customer. （ A） She knows the guy who will give the lecture. （ B） She thinks the lecture might be informative. （ C） She wants to add something to her lecture. （ D） Shell finish her report this weekend. （ A） An art museum. （ B） A beautiful park. （ C） A college campus. （ D） An archi
35、tectural exhibition. （ A） The houses for sale are of poor quality. （ B） The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy. （ C） The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers. （ D） The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale. （ A） Talking about sports. （ B） Writing up
36、 local news. （ C） Reading newspapers. （ D） Putting up advertisements. （ A） husband and wife （ B） doctor and patient （ C） doctor and nurse （ D） friends （ A） He has had a very quiet night. （ B） He has had a very restless night. （ C） He has had a very miserable night. （ D） He has had a romantic night.
37、（ A） yesterday （ B） tomorrow （ C） after the injection （ D） this morning （ A） Teacher and student （ B） Employer and employee （ C） Friends （ D） Classmates （ A） In a hospital （ B） In Joan s office （ C） In Mr. Sherwins office （ D） At home （ A） To ask for a few days off （ B） To talk about her daughter. （
38、 C） To send her husband to hospital. （ D） She isnt satisfy with her job. （ A） Tomorrow （ B） The day after tomorrow （ C） In a few days. （ D） Friday Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the
39、 questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Courses in British history. （ B） Language courses. （ C） Courses in sports. （ D） Teacher training courses. （ A） To attract more students. （ B） To make the c
40、ourses suitable for students of all levels. （ C） To let the students have a good rest. （ D） To make the summer school more like a holiday. （ A） Because they all work very hard. （ B） Because their teachers are all native speakers of English. （ C） Because they learn not only in but also out of class.
41、（ D） Because they are all advanced students. （ A） It had many problems. （ B） It was the most democratic country in the world. （ C） It was fair to women. （ D） It had some minor problems to solve. （ A） The women of some states. （ B） The women in the state of Wyoming only. （ C） The members of the Natio
42、nal Womens Association. （ D） The women on the state of Massachusetts only. （ A） At the very beginning of the 20th century. （ B） At the end of the 19th century. （ C） After Susan Anthony s death. （ D） Just before Susan Anthony s death. （ A） He thinks the city is too crowded. （ B） He likes the place ve
43、ry much. （ C） He thinks the streets are too narrow. （ D） He admires the comfortable life of the students there. （ A） He was good at writing about interesting people. （ B） It was much easier to write stories about people. （ C） He believed that people are always easier to learn about other people. （ D
44、） He thought people played an important role in world events. （ A） Action. （ B） World News. （ C） Enterprise. （ D） Faces and places. （ A） He is a sportsman. （ B） He is an actor. （ C） He is a photographer. （ D） He is a publisher. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three tim
45、es. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required
46、to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 In only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U. S. Minority(少数民族 ). As their children began【 B1】 _up through the nation s schools, it became clear
47、that a new class of【 B2】 _achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nation s best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering【 B3】 _have taken on a decidedly. Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly【 B4】_by the fact that Asian - A
48、merican students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U. S. with a【 B5】 _grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also【 B6】 _by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science b
49、ecause they will be judged more【 B7】 _. And the return on the investment in education is more【 B8】 _in some thing like engineering than with an arts degree. Most Asian - American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer.【 B9】 _Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in
