1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 567及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the out line(given in Chinese)below: 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品
2、(fake commodities).为什么会有这种现象 ? 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if
3、 the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Patents Human beings are competitive creatures. The evolutionary drive towards survival
4、of the fittest has made us that way, and contemporary man has carried the competitive urge to its highest form. We see it in all aspects of human activity, from the conflicts of two-year olds over possession of a toy through all the physical and intellectual competitions of school years to the ultim
5、ate struggles between races and nations for power and possessions. We learned early, however, that the forces of competition must be balanced with an equal measure of cooperation if all of us are not to be destroyed by the process. Organized society resulted, and successful societies have been those
6、 that have achieved the most effective balance of competition and cooperation. Patent systems are among the most straightforward examples of such a successful, cooperative arrangement and show society operating at its best. Patent systems reward the competitive, creative drive with a temporary, limi
7、ted, exclusive right, in return for the cooperation of an inventor in teaching the rest of society how to use his or her findings for all time thereafter. This philosophy must be kept in mind if one is to use and to understand patents effectively. Early Patent Systems Patent systems more or less as
8、we know have been used as a social tool since the Renaissance. Rulers of the Italian city states recognized that their creative subjects needed encouragement and protection a gainst copying by their competitive fellows. Patents were granted for various terms, the most famous being a 20-year patent g
9、ranted to Galileo on a mechanism for raising irrigation water to fields. European and English monarchs granted patents to encourage commerce and, unfortunately, to reward favorites of the court. The US Patent System The American colonies made a practice of granting patents to their inventors, and th
10、e United States Constitution provided the basis for our patent and copyright laws in Article 1, section 8: The Congress shall have the power, to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings an
11、d discoveries. This constitutional directive was given life by the Patent Act of 1790. The first US patent, signed by George Washington ,Randolph, and Jefferson, was in fact on a chemical subject. The inventor was Samuel Hopkins of Philadelphia, and his contribution to society was an improved method
12、 of making potash from wood ashes for use in soap making. The distinguished committee made a diligent effort to meet their duty to examine all applications for patentable merit, but within three years it became clear that they simply could not give adequate study to every application being claimed.
13、In 1793 a “registration“ system was adopted by the United States, meaning that patents were issued on every application that met formal requirements and that the burden of sorting out priority of rights among those holding conflicting patents was thrown into the courts. Perhaps it is a blessing that
14、 all the record from this period of disorders were destroyed by a fire in the Patent Office in 1836. The Congress then passed the Patent Act of 1836, which created the Commissioner of patents and a Patent Office to examine applications to determine whether a truly new invention had been made. Presen
15、t US patents are numbered from the adoption of this law, and the series reached No. 4 000 000 on December 28,1976. In 1887 the United States joined with many other countries in the Paris Convention. The present pa tent law of the United States is the Patent Act of 1952, the most important new featur
16、e being a workable definition of what constitutes invention. A movement to rewrite US patent law is in progress at this writing. Nature and Purpose of Patent Systems Regardless of the diversity in detailed practice of the many patent systems of the world, they all share the same fundamental goal. Th
17、at goal is to provide a reward to each inventor to disclose his or her findings for the long-term benefit of society rather than to attempt to profit from the invention in secret. The incentive is a short-term right(5 to 20 years, depending on the country)to prevent(“ exclude“ is the technical term)
18、others from using the invention. If the inventor fulfills his or her part of the agreement, a patent will be granted if the invention has the three basic elements of patentability, which are: (1)It is truly new. “Novelty“ is the technical term. (2)It is not obvious in the light of what was known bef
19、ore. “Inventive“ and “prior art“ are the technical terms. (3)It must be useful. The law of each country has its own way of applying these requirements-i.e. , through administrative or judicial procedures, but the three basic elements are common to all patent systems. If these three conditions are me
20、t, a patent may be granted. Note especially the term granted. A patent is a grant from a government in return for the disclosure by an inventor of how to practical the invention. A bargain is made between the parties. An inventor does not have a right to a patent unless he or she has fulfilled his o
21、r her part of the bargain, and it is not uncommon for patents to be struck down by the courts when it is found that the inventor failed to provide adequate instructions for practicing the invention. The technical term is an “enabling“ disclosure. While the word “patent“ is commonly used as a noun to
22、 refer to the grant held by an inventor, the legal document is actually known as “Letter Patent“, meaning a written instrument(letter)open to the public, in contrast to “Letter Close“, i. e. , secret or sealed orders. The official copy of a US Letters Pa tent is an impressive, colorfully ribboned an
23、d sealed legal document. The preeminent consideration of patent system is the public interest. Court decision usually depends on the questions of whether the patentee really made a new and useful contribution to knowledge and, whether an open and complete disclosure has been made of the new findings
24、. The function of the US Pa tent and Trademark Office in examining a patent application is twofold:(1)to keep known or obvious technology from being unfairly seized upon by an applicant who has not really made an inventive contribution, and(2)to encourage disclosure of inventions as a stimulus to th
25、e continuing development of technology. 2 Patent systems as we know have been used as a social tool since the Renaissance. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Galileo was granted a patent on a mechanism for raising irrigation water to fields. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The first U.S. Patent was on a chemical subje
26、ct. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The Patent Act of 1836 only created a Patent Office to examine applications. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The U.S. Patent Law is out of date. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The fundamental goal of the Patent systems of the world is to check the invention of the world. （ A） Y （ B） N （
27、 C） NG 8 Useful is one of the basic elements of patentability. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 An inventor dose not have a right to a patent unless he or she has fulfilled his or her _. 10 The legal document of patent is actually known as _. 11 The preeminent consideration of patent system is _. Section A D
28、irections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the
29、pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Librarian and student. （ B） Operator and caller. （ C） Boss and secretary. （ D） Customer and repairman. （ A） Look for the key. （ B） Repair the car. （ C） Fix a shelf. （ D） Paint a shelf. （ A） To make
30、the woman angry. （ B） To please the man s mother. （ C） David is the mans good friend （ D） David is good at carrying on conversations. （ A） He must meet his teacher. （ B） He must attend a class. （ C） He must go out with his girlfriend. （ D） He must stay at school to finish his homework. （ A） he wants
31、 to pay. （ B） he doesnt want to eat out. （ C） He wants to eat somewhere else. （ D） He doesnt like Japanese food. （ A） he didnt work as hard as he was supposed to. （ B） He didnt pass the physics exam. （ C） He did better in an earlier exam. （ D） he found something wrong with the exam. （ A） He is atten
32、ding his sick mother at home. （ B） He is on a European tour with his mother. （ C） He is at home on sick leave. （ D） He is in Europe to see his mother. （ A） They don t know how to get to Mike s home. （ B） They are discussing when to meet again. （ C） They went to the same party some time ago. （ D） The
33、y will go to Mike s birthday party. （ A） She thinks it s easy to make friends. （ B） She likes to eat in the cafeteria. （ C） She can save a lot of time. （ D） She likes being close to the shopping center. （ A） Its easy to make friends. （ B） It s convenient to use the library, the labs, the sports cent
34、er and many other facilities. （ C） It s near the shopping center. （ D） He does not have to get up so early to get to classes on time. （ A） It s delicious. （ B） They can eat what they want. （ C） It s too expensive. （ D） It seems all the same every day. （ A） To make preparations for a new publication.
35、 （ B） To learn how couples spend their weekends. （ C） To know how housework is shared. （ D） To investigate what people do at the weekend. （ A） He goes to exercise classes. （ B） He goes sailing. （ C） He goes to the cinema. （ D） He stays at home. （ A） Friday. （ B） Saturday. （ C） Sunday. （ D） Any weekd
36、ay. （ A） Surname. （ B） First name. （ C） Address. （ D） Age. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
37、 answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Her husband had got a higher position. （ B） Her husband had lost his job. （ C） She wanted to have a cleaner house. （ D） She wanted to move to New York. （ A） His telephone went out of order. （ B） The buyers had to leave soon. （ C） He began to w
38、ork at 8 a. m. （ D） He had made an appointment with her for 8 a. m. （ A） They considered her lazy. （ B） They saw something they had never seen. （ C） They considered her foolish. （ D） They saw something familiar to them. （ A） The silk T - shirt in white color. （ B） The cotton T - shirt with a slogan
39、or picture. （ C） The nylon T - shirt worn on playground. （ D） The wool T - shirt worn for work. （ A） T- shirts feel soft and wash well. （ B） T- shirt are smarts and comfortable. （ C） T- shirts go well with trousers. （ D） T- shirts are suitable for evening wear. （ A） New technology is being employed.
40、 （ B） Advertisements are being widely used. （ C） New designs are being adopted. （ D） More synthetic materials are being introduced. （ A） It is completely flat. （ B） It has few rivers. （ C） It has many large lakes. （ D） It is hilly. （ A） The soil has been overworked. （ B） The climate is cold. （ C） Th
41、e weather is too dry. （ D） The soil is sandy. （ A） By raising cattle. （ B） By working on farms. （ C） By working in factories. （ D） By raising sheep. （ A） At school （ B） From their parents. （ C） From books. （ D） In factories. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.
42、 When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to
43、fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these h
44、e puts【 B1】 _questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation“ goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become【 B2】 _of it. This is usually when we are【 B3】_into difficulties, when mismatch is【 B4】 _between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is bei
45、ng【 B5】 _, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level. Different people【 B6】 _with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words,【 B7】 _, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former【 B8】 _a kind of comprehen
46、sion which is written in the text.【 B9】 _The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers. There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important,【 B10】 _. We call this a “process“ conversation as opposed to a “content“ conversation. It is concerned no
47、t with meaning but with the strategies(策略 )we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed.【 B11】 _It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to
48、meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage ca
49、refully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 47 Holidays are celebrated for all sorts of reasons. Some honor heroes, others commemorate religious events, but April 1st stands out as the only holiday that celebrates foolishness. Theres some uncertainty about when and where this bizarre tradition began, but the most accepted explanation traces April Fools Day back to 16th century France. Up until 1564, the accepted cal
