1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 609及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On Conserving Energy. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1能源短缺问题已经非常严重； 2可以采取节能措解决能源短缺问题； 3你的看法。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension
2、(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement
3、 contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Computer Crime A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesnt mean that all the crimes are new types
4、 of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement (盗用 )of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism (破坏行为 ), sabotage (阴谋破坏 ), and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance th
5、at the person responsible for the crime will be discovered. Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. The British Crime Survey in 2002 and 2003 showed that 18% of households with internet access said their home computer had been affected by a virus. This had increased
6、to 27% in 2003 and 2004. One-third said the virus had damaged their computer. The biennial Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Security Breaches survey reports that 62% of UK businesses had a computer security incident in the 2006. These statistics may underestimate the real situation as many org
7、anizations or individuals may be unaware that the security of their computer has been compromised. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $3 billion to $5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decli
8、ne of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $ 600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who ar
9、e familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases. The criminal Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are commi
10、tted by teenage “hackers“ brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i. e., an “insider“.
11、Targets of computer crime Some attacks do not have a specific target. However, attacks against specific computers or groups of computers are becoming more common. Home computer users, organizations with large networks of computers, or entire infrastructures may be targeted. Attackers using computers
12、 may also attempt to damage the functioning of the Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) which includes emergency services, telecommunications, energy distribution and finance, all of which rely on IT. Many CNI systems which were once isolated are now connected to the internet, increasing their vul
13、nerability. There has been speculation over the prospect of terrorists using electronic attacks to target computer systems and networks. According to the National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre (NISCC) , the probability of terrorists carrying out an electronic attack against the CNI is
14、currently low compared with other risks such as using explosive devices. Difficulty of detection and prevention Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so
15、complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it. Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons“ or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conv
16、entional crimes. Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the companys work or committing a criminal act? Fourth, not enough people i
17、n management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computers capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially tra
18、ined computer crime units. But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys, judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computers potential for misuse. After a computer crime
19、 has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the public will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms
20、are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they rely heavily on customer trust. To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only
21、 by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isnt fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime. Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when t
22、he company discovered that one of its computer technicians had embezzled $200,000 by entering false benefit claims, it presented its findings to the states attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misu
23、se, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small. Criminals have adapted the advancements of computer technology to further their own illegal activities. Unfortunately, their actions have far out-
24、paced the ability of police to respond effectively. Protocols must be developed for law enforcement that addresses the various categories of computer crime. Investigators must know the materials to search and seize, the electronic evidence to recover, and the chain of custody to maintain. Without qu
25、estion, law enforcement must be better prepared to deal with the many aspects of computer-related crimes and the techno-criminals who commit them. 2 A computer crime is _. （ A） the offense that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered more quickly （ B） the crime that all the criminals
26、 are new types of crime （ C） committed by robbers, vandals, and terrorists （ D） an illegal behavior that involves the use of computers and software 3 The reasons that computer crimes are increasing are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT _. （ A） more people are using computers （ B） more computers ar
27、e tied together （ C） peoples moralities are decreasing （ D） it is easy for microcomputers to get access to huge data bases 4 We are misled by movies and newspaper stories that _. （ A） teenage hackers committed most computer crimes （ B） employees of the firm committed most computer crimes （ C） an “in
28、sider“ is the computer criminal （ D） the offender is likely to be the boss of the company 5 Which of the following is NOT the target of computer crime? （ A） Family computers. （ B） Computers without networks. （ C） Computer infrastructures. （ D） Computers with large networks in companies. 6 Computer c
29、rime is difficult to detect and prevent because _. （ A） the crime may be done by more than one person （ B） computers themselves have no good firewall （ C） computer crime doesnt leave any trail behind （ D） few people witness the computer crime 7 Many companies do not bring a suit against computer cri
30、mes because _. （ A） criminals are too powerful to be conquered （ B） law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money （ C） they fear that public will not believe their organization any more （ D） they are afraid of the criminals 8 Computer criminals may not be punished heavily becaus
31、e _. （ A） their crime is too light for the company or society （ B） the criminals are too powerful to be punished （ C） the judge show their sympathy for the criminals （ D） the judge dont know enough about the nature of the crime 9 But even when a computer criminal is caught, people involved in the ca
32、se may find the alleged crime _. 10 Cautious companies will often deal with computer crimes out of court in order to avoid _. 11 Some companies, take Connecticut General Life for example, are not _ computer criminals. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 l
33、ong conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide
34、which is the best answer. （ A） He saw the big tower he visited on TV. （ B） He has visited the TV tower twice. （ C） He has visited the TV tower once. （ D） He will visit the TV tower in June. （ A） He has to work with his brother. （ B） He has no definite plans. （ C） He usually works on weekends. （ D） H
35、is plan depends on the woman. （ A） She doesnt feel like going to the art class. （ B） She decides to change her brush. （ C） She quits art and is now studying drama. （ D） She has no more paint for drawing. （ A） He will put on his gloves as the woman suggests. （ B） He has gloves but does not feel like
36、wearing them. （ C） He does not have gloves at the moment. （ D） He thinks one glove is good enough for him. （ A） Copy the book at Sams store. （ B） Go to the school store and look again. （ C） Ask Sam for some copies. （ D） Go to the bookstore near the Sams. （ A） To go to watch the final in the TV room.
37、 （ B） To go to see a movie since he has two tickets. （ C） To go to see the final live since he has two tickets. （ D） To go to see the concert live since he has two tickets. （ A） She thinks its too late anyway. （ B） She thinks he shouldnt wait a minute. （ C） She thinks he should do things earlier. （
38、D） She thinks there might still be a chance even if it is the last minute. （ A） The man took up much of the professors time. （ B） The man didnt make any trouble with Prof. Johnston. （ C） The man has trouble getting along with Prof. Johnston. （ D） The man knew Prof. Johnston was very busy. （ A） Somet
39、hing is wrong with her car. （ B） The cost of the fuel is high. （ C） Its cheap to take bus. （ D） She thinks public transportation is environmental friendly. （ A） The problems of environment pollution. （ B） A material which can save fuel. （ C） The installation of pollution filters. （ D） The way to spr
40、ay a coat on the engines. （ A） People can spray confine oxide on their car engines easily. （ B） The material works as a pollution filter. （ C） The material saves fuel for it reflects back the heat of burning fuel. （ D） When burnt, the material will save fuel. （ A） Her kids will arrive home after sch
41、ool. （ B） She is too exhausted to work. （ C） She has finished her work. （ D） The man does not ask her to go back to the office. （ A） It is weird. （ B） It is exhausting. （ C） It is convenient. （ D） It is comfortable. （ A） It is produced by weird people. （ B） The woman does not like it. （ C） One can s
42、ee a lot of strange things in it. （ D） The man is determined to watch it tonight. （ A） The woman will record tonights program. （ B） He will be hinting a meeting with his boss at that time. （ C） His boss might ask him to stay up late. （ D） He may have to prepare for tomorrows business trip. Section B
43、 Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 90. （ B） 10
44、8. （ C） 180. （ D） 668 （ A） Englands footballer of the year. （ B） A soccer coach in West Germany. （ C） Wild celebrations of goals. （ D） A member of the Order of the British Empire. （ A） Editing Sunday Sport. （ B） Working for Capital Radio. （ C） Managing professional soccer teams. （ D） Developing a sp
45、orts marketing company. （ A） To be used as rooms. （ B） To help find life after death. （ C） To remember the important workers. （ D） To communicate with others in the sky. （ A） It remains unknown yet. （ B） Around five thousand years ago. （ C） About two million years ago. （ D） About three hundred thous
46、and years ago. （ A） It took 100000 men twenty years to finish building it. （ B） It has a history of over 5000 years. （ C） Its made of 230000 stones and is 140 meters high. （ D） The treasures that used to be in it are now in museums. （ A） The common features of both insect and human societies. （ B） T
47、he differences between insect society and human society. （ C） The role differences in human society. （ D） The reasons why human beings are superior to insects. （ A） Both of them consist of different groups. （ B） The basic unit of each society is the family. （ C） Different individuals have different
48、jobs. （ D） Both of them consist of families. （ A） The number of roles human beings play is much more than that of insects. （ B） The roles human beings play is more important. （ C） The insects have fewer opportunities to change their roles. （ D） Different individual performs different functions in hu
49、man society but not the case in insect society. （ A） It is an inborn feature of human beings. （ B） Human beings are able to develop new skills. （ C） Human beings have more chances. （ D） Human beings can help each other. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 t
