1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 655及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Students Attend Physical Exercise? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given belo W: 1有人认 为大学生应该参加体育锻炼 2另一人认为大学生没有必要参加体育锻炼 3我的看法 Should Student
2、s Attend Physical Exercise? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the
3、information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Fixing a World That Fosters Obesity Environment forstering obesity Why are Americans getting fatter and fatter? The sim
4、ple explanation is that we eat too much junk food and spend too much time in front of screens be they television, phone or computer to burn off all those empty calories. One handy prescription for healthier lives is behavior modification. If people only ate more fresh produce. If only children exerc
5、ised more. Unfortunately, behavior changes wont work on their own without huge societal shifts, health experts say, because eating too much and exercising too little are merely symptoms of a much larger disease. The real problem is a landscape littered with inexpensive fast-food meals; much advertis
6、ing for fatty, sugary products; inner cities that lack supermarkets) and unhealthy, high-stress workplaces. In other words, its the environment. “Everyone knows that you shouldnt eat junk food and you should exercise,“ says Kelly D. Brownell, the director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesi
7、ty at Yale. “But the environment makes it so difficult that fewer people can do these things, and then you have a public health catastrophe.“ Dr. Brownell, who has a doctorate in psychology, is among a number of leading researchers who are proposing large-scale changes to food pricing, advertising a
8、nd availability, all in the hope of creating an environment favorable to healthier diet and exercise choices. To that end, health researchers are grappling with how to fix systems that are the root causes of obesity, says Dee W. Edington, the director of the Health Management Research Center at the
9、University of Michigan. “If you take a changed person and put them in the same environment, they are going to go back to the old behaviors,“ says Dr. Edington, who has a doctorate in physical education. “If you change the culture and the environment first, then you can go back into a healthy environ
10、ment and, when you get change, it sticks. “ Indeed, despite individual efforts by some states to tax soda pop, promote farm stands, require healthier school lunches or order calorie information in chain restaurants, obesity rates in the United States are growing. An estimated 72. 5 million adults in
11、 the United States are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last year, about 27 percent of adults said they were obese, compared with about 20 percent in 2000, as reported in a C. D. C. study published this month. And, the report said, obesity may cost the medical syst
12、em as much as $ 147 billion annually. Equalizing food price So what kind of changes might help nudge (促使 ) Americans into healthier routines? Equalizing food pricing, for one. Fast-food restaurants can charge lower prices for value meals of hamburgers and French fries than for salad because the gove
13、rnment subsidizes the corn and soybeans used for animal feed and vegetable oil, says Barry Popkin, a professor of nutrition at the Gillings School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “We have made it more expensive to eat healthy in a very big way,“ says Dr. Popkin,
14、who has a doctorate in agricultural economics and is the author of a book called The World Is Fat -. The Fads, Trends, Policies and Products That Are Fattening the Human Race. The inflation-adjusted price of a McDonalds quarter-pounder with cheese, for example, fell 5. 44 percent from 1990 to 2007,
15、according to an article on the economics of child obesity published in the journal Health Affairs. But the inflation-adjusted price of fruit and vegetables, which are not subject to federal largess (赠与 ), rose 17 percent just from 1997 to 2003, the study said. Cutting agricultural subsidies would ha
16、ve a big impact on peoples eating habits, says Dr. Popkin. “If we cut the subsidy on whole milk and made it cheaper only to drink low-fat milk,“ he says, “people would switch to it and it would save a lot of calories.“ Company keeping employees from obesity Health experts are also looking to the pri
17、vate sector. On-site fitness centres and vending machines that sell good-for-you snacks are practical workplace innovations that many companies have instituted. On a more philosophical level, innovative companies are training managers not to burn out employees by overworking them, says Dr. Edington
18、of the University of Michigan. “Stress comes up. It can lead to overeating and obesity,“ Dr. Edington says. At companies that see employee health as a renewable resource, he adds, managers encourage employees to go home on time so they can spend more time with their families, communities or favorite
19、 activities. “Instead of going home with an empty tank, you can go home with the energy that we gave you by the way we run our business,“ he says. Corporate-sector efforts arent entirely altruistic (无私心的 ). Its less expensive for businesses to keep healthy workers healthy than to cover the medical c
20、osts of obesity and related problems like diabetes (糖尿病 ). For employees at IBM and their families, for example, the annual medical claim for an obese adult or child costs about double that of a non-obese adult or child, says Martin J. Sepulveda, IBMs vice president for integrated health services. I
21、BM has been promoting wellness for employees since the 1980s. But in 2008, it began offering a new program, the Childrens Health Rebate, to encourage employees to increase their at-home family dinners, their servings of fruits and vegetables, and their physical activities, as well as to reduce their
22、 childrens television and computer time. In addition to helping prevent obesity in children, Mr. Sepulveda says, the program is aimed at employees who might neglect to exercise on their own but would willingly participate as part of a family project. Each family that completes the program receives $
23、 150. Britain launching an attack concerning obesity All of these ideas sound promising. But the architecture of obesity is so entrenched (难以更改的 ) that policy makers, companies, communities, families and individuals will need to undertake a variety of efforts to displace and replace it, says Alan Ly
24、les, a professor at the School of Health and Human Services at the University of Baltimore. And American efforts can seem piecemeal compared with those in Britain, where the government has undertaken an allround national attack, requiring changes in schools, health services and the food industry. Br
25、itain now places restrictions on advertising fatty, sugary and salty foods during childrens shows, for example. And by 2011, cooking classes will be mandatory (强制性的 ) for all 11- to 14-year-old students in the nation. The hope is to teach a generation of children who grew up on prepared foods how to
26、 cook healthy meals, and perhaps to make eating at home instead of at the local fried fish-and-chips shop the default option. 2 What is a convenient way to live a healthier life? （ A） To change peoples behaviors. （ B） To choose more fresh produce. （ C） To stay away from the screens. （ D） To close al
27、l the fast food restaurants. 3 What is the real problem leading to obesity? （ A） Many advertisements for junk food. （ B） Lacking supermarkets. （ C） Unhealthy workplaces. （ D） The environment that people live in. 4 What can we infer concerning the relationship between environment and peoples behavior
28、s? （ A） There is no relationship between the two. （ B） Environment will influence peoples behaviors. （ C） Peoples behaviors will influence environment. （ D） The two will influence each other. 5 What is the benefit of equalizing food price? （ A） It might promote Americans into a healthier lifestyle.
29、（ B） It will lower the prices of salad. （ C） It will raise the prices of hamburgers. （ D） It will make it expensive to eat healthy food. 6 What could government do to change peoples eating habits? （ A） Order restaurants to modify their prices. （ B） Persuade consumers to choose healthy food. （ C） Per
30、suade people to change their eating habits. （ D） Cut some agricultural subsidies. 7 What can we conclude from Dr. Edingtons words? （ A） Companies burn out employees by overworking them. （ B） Stress in companies can cause obesity. （ C） Managers forbid employees to go home on time. （ D） Managers forbi
31、d employees to spend more time with their families. 8 Why do the companies make efforts to keep employees healthy? （ A） Because the companies are completely selfless. （ B） Because it will reduce the companies cost in medical care. （ C） Because the companies care about their employees. （ D） Because h
32、ealthy workers can bring more profits. 9 Policy makers, companies, etc. will need to undertake a variety of efforts to displace and replace 10 Promoting fatty, sweet and salty foods during childrens programs is_. 11 In Britain, by 2011, it will be compulsory for 11- to 14-year-old students to attend
33、_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a paus
34、e. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） His trip to London was excellent. （ B） He has been to many places before. （ C） He enjoys staying at home more. （ D） The saying about London is right. （ A） Visit her parents. （ B） Visit
35、 her grandma. （ C） Visit a beautiful lake. （ D） Move next to a lake. （ A） Too much to do this week. （ B） A heavy load of job task. （ C） Noisy guests in the house. （ D） Naughty children at home. （ A） Why people are unwilling to offer money. （ B） How to arrange the budget in their family. （ C） What a
36、difficult situation the church is in. （ D） Whether they should donate some money. （ A） On a plane. （ B） At a post office. （ C） At a hotel reception. （ D） At a travel agency. （ A） A psychologist. （ B） A hair designer. （ C） A lawyer. （ D） A cook. （ A） The Green Land Project is unique. （ B） The man sho
37、uld give it a second thought. （ C） Its hard to get an application form. （ D） She also wants to apply for the volunteer. （ A） He will go to the concert with the woman. （ B） He doesnt know whether his brother will help the woman. （ C） He cant help the woman to get what she wants. （ D） He feels very up
38、set that his brother has quit his job. （ A） She agrees with dieting. （ B） She opposes dieting. （ C） She never cares about dieting. （ D） She has been on a diet. （ A） Drinking soda is good for his health. （ B） He should drink much soda every day. （ C） Drinking soda has nothing to do with his weight. （
39、 D） He could drink diet coke instead of soda. （ A） Because she is a learned person. （ B） Because she is writing a book on dieting. （ C） Because she was ever a fat person. （ D） Because she has ever learned something about dieting. （ A） Its a discussion about marketing. （ B） Its a job interview. （ C）
40、Its a debate about marketing and publishing. （ D） Its an exam about marketing. （ A） Sell books. （ B） Sell kitchenware. （ C） Do marketing for books. （ D） Publish books. （ A） She worked as a saleslady in a department store. （ B） She sold books in a department store. （ C） She sold kitchenware in a mark
41、et. （ D） She worked as a marketing executive in a company. （ A） A marketing executive. （ B） A saleslady for books. （ C） A management trainee. （ D） A saleslady for kitchenware. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questi
42、ons. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） American economy is influenced by climate change. （ B） American industry is influenced by climate change. （ C） American agricu
43、lture is influenced by climate change. （ D） American environment is influenced by climate change. （ A） There is more rain in the West and Southwest. （ B） More and more animals will survive the summers. （ C） Meat products arent affected by temperature change. （ D） Snow is melting on western mountains
44、 in advance. （ A） Human activities contributed to the climate change. （ B） Vehicle emissions led to global warming. （ C） Greenhouse gas emissions would be reduced. （ D） Global warming would continue in the future. （ A） Providing electric power to the satellite dishes and computers. （ B） Providing so
45、lar power to the satellite dishes and computers. （ C） Providing advanced satellite dishes to connect the Internet. （ D） Providing computer technology to connect the Internet. （ A） Students can surf the Internet at home. （ B） Schools can develop more classes online. （ C） People can get all kinds of i
46、nformation online. （ D） People can work an extra shift at home. （ A） Because they had overcome troubles to achieve some fruits in Africa. （ B） Because they had invented new equipment to complete the project in Africa. （ C） Because they had completed connecting the communities to the Web in Africa be
47、forehand. （ D） Because they had succeeded in helping the African people solve the network problems. （ A） Congress. （ B） The central bank. （ C） The Federal Reserve. （ D） Common people. （ A） Set market rules and implement actual laws. （ B） Protect the financial interests. （ C） Improve the efficiency o
48、f the macro-control policy. （ D） Offer more financial aids to home buyers. （ A） They support the bill. （ B） They oppose the bill. （ C） They are neutral to the bill. （ D） They are uncommitted to the bill. （ A） It can invest in some trading projects. （ B） It can supervise financial marketing. （ C） It
49、can control the interest rate. （ D） It can seize bankrupt enterprises. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the
