1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 668及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Adaption Should Not Go Too Far From the Classics. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below. 1近年来，许多经典名著被胡乱改编 2出现这种现象的原因是 3为改变这一状况，我认为
2、 Adaption Should Not Go Too Far From the Classics 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the stat
3、ement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How Exercise Makes You Smarter Exercise does more than build muscles and help prevent heart disea
4、se. New science shows that it also boosts brainpower and may offer hope in the battle against Alzheimer (痴呆症 ). The stereotype of the “dumb jock“ has never sounded right to Charles Hillman. A jock himself, he plays hockey four times a week, but when he isnt body-checking his opponents on the ice, he
5、s giving his mind a comparable workout in his neuroscience and kinesiology lab at the University of Illinois. Recently he started wondering if there was a vital and overlooked link between brawn and brains if long hours at the gym could somehow build up not just muscles, but minds. With colleagues,
6、he started an experiment. He rounded up 259 Illinois third-and fifth-graders, measured their body mass index and put them through classic PE routines: the “sit-and-reach“, a brisk run and timed push-ups and sit-ups. Then he checked their physical abilities against their math and reading scores on a
7、statewide standardized test. Sure enough, on the whole, the kids with the fittest bodies were the ones with the fittest brains, even when factors such as socioeconomic status were taken into account. Sports, Hillman concluded, might indeed be boosting the students intellect. Hillmans study, which wi
8、ll be published later this year, isnt definitive enough to stand alone. But it doesnt have to: it is part of a recent and rapidly growing movement in science showing that exercise can make people smarter. Other scientists have found that vigorous exercise can cause nerve cells to form dense, interco
9、nnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently. And there are clues that physical activity can stay away from the beginnings of Alzheimers disease, ADHD and other cognitive disorders. No matter your age, it seems, a strong, active body is crucial for building a strong, active mind.
10、 Some scientists have always suspected as much, although they have not been able to prove it. Now, however, armed with brain-scanning tools and a sophisticated understanding of biochemistry, researchers are realizing that the mental effects of exercise are far more profound and complex than they onc
11、e thought. The process starts in the muscles. When the exercise is available, the muscle sends out chemicals, including a protein called IGF-1 that travels through the bloodstream, across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain itself. And then the brain issues orders to ramp up production of sev
12、eral chemicals, including one called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF. It fuels almost all the activities that lead to higher thought. With regular exercise, the body builds up its levels of BDNF, and the brains nerve cells start to branch out, join together and communicate with each other
13、 in new ways. This is the process that underlies learning: every change in the junctions between brain cells signifies a new fact or skill thats been picked up for future use. BDNF makes that process possible. Brains with more of it have a greater capacity for knowledge. On the other hand, says UCLA
14、 neuroscientist Fernando G6mez-Pinilla, a brain thats low on BDNF shuts itself off to new information. Most people maintain fairly constant levels of BDNF in adulthood. But as they age, their individual neurons (神经 ) slowly start to die off. Until the mid-90s, scientists thought the loss was permane
15、nt that the brain couldnt make new nerve cells to replace the dead ones. But animal studies over the last decade have overturned that assumption, showing that “neurogenesis“ (神经发生 ) in some parts of the brain can be induced easily with exercise. Last weeks study, published in the Proceedings of the
16、National Academy of Sciences, extended that principle to humans for the first time. After working out for three months, all the subjects appeared to regain new neurons. This, too, might be BDNF at work, transforming stem cells into full-grown, functional neurons. “It was extremely exciting to see th
17、is exercise effect in humans for the first time,“ says Scott Small, a Columbia University Medical Center neurologist who co-authored the study with Salk Institute neurobiologist Fred Gage. “In terms of trying to understand what it means, the field is just exploding.“ As far as scientists know, the n
18、ew neurons created by exercise are produced in only one place: the dentate gyrus, an area that controls learning and memory. This region helps the brain match names to faces one of the first skills to erode as we age. New neurons cant grow throughout the rest of the brain. But other regions benefit
19、from exercise in many secondary ways. Blood volume, like brain volume, increases with exercise. Active adults have less inflammation in the brain. They also have fewer “little possibility of strokes that can impair cognition without the person even knowing“, says Kristine Yaffe, a neuroscientist fro
20、m University of California. Still other researchers have found that athletes have more cells that support neurons and increase neurotransmitters after theyre used to send messages from cell to cell. And even the levels of those neurotransmitters are higher in people who exercise frequently. Unlike n
21、eurogenesis, which can take weeks to occur, most of these additional effects appear almost immediately. Get off the treadmill (踏车 ) after a half-hour workout, says Hillman, and “within 48 minutes“ your brain will be in better shape. But alas, these benefits are somewhat transient (短暂的 ). Like weight
22、, mental fitness has to be maintained. New neurons, and the connections between them, will stick around for years, but within a month of inactivity, “they will shrink down, and then the neurons dont function as well anymore,“ says William Greenough, a psychologist at the University of Illinois. Let
23、your body go, then, and your brain will follow. To keep the effects, youve got to keep working out. “If youre thinking that by exercising at age 20 youre going to have some effect on what youre like at age 70,“ Greenough adds, youd better be willing to commit to 50 years of hitting the gym. Unless,
24、that is, youre a kid. Most studies of exercise and cognition have focused on older people the folks who are just starting to worry that their minds arent what they used to be but the effects of physical exertion on the brain arent limited to that group at all. In fact, exercise probably has “a more
25、long-lasting effect on childrens brains that are still developing,“ says Phil Tomporowski, a professor of exercise science at the University of Georgia. In kids, as in adults, the brain reaps many benefits from exercise. This wont surprise parents of kids with ADHD, many of whom already use physical
26、 activity as a substitute or supplement for drugs. 2 Scientists have found a new benefit of exercise that exercise can_. （ A） keep people healthy （ B） prevent heart disease （ C） build muscles （ D） improve brainpower 3 Charles Hillman got a conclusion from his experiment that exercise can_. （ A） keep
27、 students healthy （ B） improve students intellect （ C） prevent students from disease （ D） help students build muscles 4 According to some scientists, whats the effect of interconnected webs which are formed by nerve cells? （ A） They make the brain more sensitive to the outer world. （ B） They make th
28、e brain run faster and more efficiently. （ C） They keep people moving in a more balanced way. （ D） They enhance peoples ability of understanding. 5 With brain-scanning tools and biochemistry knowledge, researchers learn that the mental effects of exercise start in_. （ A） the brain （ B） the chemicals
29、 （ C） the muscles （ D） the bloodstream 6 What is the running course of IGF-1 in improving peoples brainpower? （ A） muscle brain blood-brain barrier bloodstream （ B） brain blood-brain barrier muscle bloodstream （ C） muscle bloodstream blood-brain barrier brain （ D） brain blood-brain barrier bloodstre
30、am muscle 7 During the process of learning, every change in the connection between brain cells indicates an acquired_. （ A） new fact or information （ B） new image or skill （ C） new information or image （ D） new fact or skill 8 According to the animal studies, how can the “neurogenesis“ in some parts
31、 of the brain be regained? （ A） By doing activities. （ B） By learning more knowledge. （ C） By having a good rest. （ D） By taking medical treatment. 9 Scientists find that the new neurons created by exercise are just made in the dentate gyrus controlling_. 10 According to William Greenough, if there
32、is no exercise within a month, the new neurons and the connections between them will_. 11 According to Phil Tomporowski, compared with those older people, effects of exercise on the brains are probably _to those young children. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversatio
33、ns and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, a
34、nd decide which is the best answer. （ A） He is waiting to see if Lisa is serious. （ B） He doesnt treat relationship seriously. （ C） He is in a serious relationship with Lisa. （ D） He used to be serious about relationships. （ A） By car. （ B） By bus. （ C） By subway. （ D） On foot. （ A） She has to impro
35、ve her spoken English. （ B） She does not speak English loudly enough. （ C） She still thinks that she speaks pretty good English. （ D） She speaks poor English so people cannot understand her. （ A） An unsolved case of murder. （ B） The excellent work of the police. （ C） An old case that has just been s
36、olved. （ D） The relationship between science and police work. （ A） There is no other woman there. （ B） It will ruin her plan of losing weight. （ C） She doesnt feel she will have fun there. （ D） She has planned to go to another restaurant. （ A） There were all kinds of food at the party. （ B） The part
37、y didnt last long enough. （ C） The man really enjoyed the party. （ D） There were a lot of people at the party. （ A） The necessity of contacting Mr. Bush. （ B） Who is going to contact Mr. Bush. （ C） The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting. （ D） Where they are going to meet Mr. Bush. （ A） She feels s
38、orry for Angelas landlady. （ B） Angela is good at telling stories. （ C） She is sure Angela wont be late again. （ D） She doesnt believe Angelas excuses. （ A） Shes impressed with the ticket sellers. （ B） Shes pleased about the mans purchase. （ C） Shes uncertain about the change in plans. （ D） Shes res
39、igned to the situation. （ A） By writing a personal check. （ B） By charging them to their personal accounts. （ C） By paying in cash. （ D） By using a store credit card. （ A） Stay where he is. （ B） Go home to telephone the order. （ C） Try to get the tickets elsewhere. （ D） Return after lunch. （ A） The
40、story of a Chicago retailer. （ B） The development of the catalog sales business. （ C） The relationship among farmers, Ward and Sears. （ D） The relationship between the catalog and textbooks. （ A） He wanted to beat Ward. （ B） He wanted to help his brother Ward. （ C） He enjoyed competition in this bus
41、iness. （ D） He thought this business was profitable. （ A） Farmers. （ B） City people. （ C） Business people. （ D） Students. （ A） Schools were short of textbooks at that time. （ B） Students might order things from the catalogs. （ C） They helped students with spelling and adding. （ D） They helped studen
42、ts become familiar with a variety of goods. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from th
43、e four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Many parties ask people to do this. （ B） You can show it to others at the party. （ C） Shy people like to write instead of speaking. （ D） It can help you in case you dont know what to say to others. （ A） Take a deep breath and try to forget your nervousness.
44、（ B） Draw back from the group and try to calm down. （ C） Look for the people who are also nervous. （ D） Step forward and speak to others. （ A） They are extremely confident. （ B） They also feel shy sometimes. （ C） They can get over shyness completely. （ D） They cannot face the cameras and the public.
45、 （ A） To visit a friend. （ B） To see her parents. （ C） To pay for the cash register. （ D） To have more gas for her car. （ A） She called her friend for help. （ B） The couple offered to help her. （ C） The couple sent her a business card. （ D） She had it pulled back to the gas station. （ A） How to deal
46、 with car problems. （ B） How to write a thank-you letter. （ C） The kindheartedness of older people. （ D） The importance of expressing thanks. （ A） They are too poor. （ B） It is unusual to seek care. （ C） They can remain unaffected for long. （ D） There are too many people suffering from the disease.
47、（ A） They have to kill female mosquitoes. （ B） They have ability to defend the parasites. （ C） They have their red blood cells infected. （ D） They have sudden fever followed by chills. （ A） Its resistance to global warming. （ B） Its ability to pass on the virus frequently. （ C） Its outbreaks in citi
48、es with large populations. （ D） Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs. （ A） No drugs have been found to treat the disease. （ B） Malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites. （ C） Nobody knows the drug to treat the disease. （ D） The alternative treatment is not easily available t
49、o most people. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you
