1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 677及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Optimism Helps to Achieve Everything by commenting on the famous saying, “Optimism is essential to achievement and it is also the foundation of courage and true progress. “
2、 You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Optimism Helps to Achieve Everything 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passa
3、ge. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Gulf between College Students and Librari
4、ans Students rarely ask librarians for help, even when they need it. This is one of the sobering truths the librarians have learned over the course of a two-year, five-campus ethnographic (人种学的 ) study examining how students view and use their campus libraries. The idea of a librarian as an academic
5、 expert who is available to talk about assignments and hold their hands through the research process is, in fact, foreign to most students. Those who even have the word “librarian“ in their vocabularies often think library staff are only good for pointing to different sections of the stacks. The ERI
6、AL (Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries) project contains a series of studies conducted at Illinois Wesleyan, DePaul University, and Northeastern Illinois University, and the University of Illirroiss Chicago and Springfield campuses. Instead of relying on surveys, the libraries incl
7、uded two anthropologists (人类学者 ), along with their own staff members, to collect data using open-ended interviews and direct observation, among other methods. The goal was to generate data that, rather than being statistically significant yet shallow, would provide deep, subjective accounts of what
8、students, librarians and professors think of the library and each oilier at those five institutions. Exploding the “Myth of the Digital Native“ The most alarming finding in the ERIAL studies was perhaps the most predictable: when it comes to finding and evaluating sources in the Internet age, studen
9、ts are extremely Internet-dependent. Only 7 out of 30 students whom anthropologists observed at Illinois Wesleyan “ conducted what a librarian might consider a reasonably well-executed search,“ wrote Duke and Andrew Asher, an anthropology professor at Bucknell University, who led the project. Throug
10、hout the interviews, students mentioned Google 115 times more than twice as many times as any other database. The prevalence of Google in student research is well-documented, but the Illinois researchers found something they did not expect: students were not very good at using Google. They were basi
11、cally clueless about the logic underlying how the search engine organizes and displays its results. Consequently, the students did not know how to build a search that would return good sources. “ I think it really exploded this myth of the digital native, “ Asher said. “ Just because youve grown up
12、searching things in Google doesnt mean you know how to use Google as a good research tool. “ Even when students turned to more scholarly resources, it did not necessarily solve the problem. Many seemed confused about where in the constellation (云集 ) of library databases they should turn to locate so
13、urces for their particular research topic: Half wound up misusing databases a librarian “ would most likely never recommend for their topic. “ For example, “Students regularly used JSTOR, the sec ond-most frequently mentioned database in student interviews, to try to find current research on a topic
14、, not realizing that JSTOR does not provide access to the most recently published articles. “ Unsurprisingly, students using this method got either too many search results or too few. Frequently , students would be so discouraged they would change their research topic to something that requires a si
15、mple search. “ Many students described experiences of anxiety and confusion when looking for resources an observation that seems to be widespread among students at the five institutions involved in this study,“ Duke and Asher wrote. There was just one problem, Duke and Asher noted: “ Students showed
16、 an almost complete lack of interest in seeking assistance from librarians during the search process. “ Of all the students they observed many of whom struggled to find good sources, to the point of despair not one asked a librarian for help. In a separate study of students at DePaul, Illinois-Chica
17、go, and Northeastern Illinois, other ERIAL researchers deduced several possible reasons for this. The most basic was that students were just as unaware of the extent of their own information illiteracy as everyone else. Some others overestimated their ability or knowledge. Another possible reason wa
18、s that students seek help from sources they know and trust, and they do not know librarians. Many do not even know what the librarians are there for. Other students imagined librarians to have more research-oriented knowledge of the library but still thought of them as glorified ushers. Influence of
19、 Professors and Librarians However, the researchers did not place the blame solely on students. Librarians and professors are also partially to blame for the gulf that has opened between students and the library employees who are supposed to help them, the ERIAL researchers say. Instead of librarian
20、s, whose relationship to any given student is typically ill-defined, students seeking help often turn to a more logical source: the person who gave them the assignment and who, ultimately, will be grading their work. Because librarians hold little sway with students, they can do only so much to resh
21、ape students habits. They need professors help. Unfortunately, faculty may have low expectations for librarians, and consequently students may not be connected to librarians or see why working with librarians may be helpful. On the other hand, librarians tend to overestimate the research skills of s
22、ome of their students, which can result in interactions that leave students feeling intimidated and alienated (疏远的 ). Some professors make similar assumptions, and fail to require that their students visit with a librarian before carrying on research projects. And both professors and librarians are
23、liable to project an idealistic view of the research process onto students who often are not willing or able to fulfill it. By financial necessity, many of todays students have limited time to devote to their research. Showing students the pool and then shoving them into the deep end is more likely
24、to foster despair than self-reliance. Now more than ever, academic librarians should seek to “ save time for the reader“. Before they can do that, of course, they will have to actually get students to ask for help. “ That means understanding why students are not asking for help and knowing what kind
25、 of help they need,“ say the librarians. “ This study has changed, profoundly, how I see my role at the university and my understanding of who our students are,“ says Lynda Duke, an academic librarian at Illinois Wesleyan. “ Its been life-changing, truly. “ 2 What have the librarians learned from a
26、two-year five-campus ethnographic study? （ A） Library computers are frequently hacked. （ B） Students rarely turn to librarians for help. （ C） Rare collection books are often destroyed. （ D） Important book pages are often torn down. 3 What is the special research method used in the ERIAL project? （ A
27、） Open-ended interviews and direct observation. （ B） Detailed survey questions and phone interview. （ C） Computer analysis and data accumulation. （ D） Repeated experiments and result comparison. 4 What is the most alarming finding in the ERIAL studies? （ A） Students ignorance of library resources. （
28、 B） Students prejudice against the librarians. （ C） Students heavy reliance on the Internet. （ D） Students poor command of search engines. 5 What finding fell out of the expectation of the Illinois researchers? （ A） Google was the most frequently mentioned database. （ B） Many students thought little
29、 of Google. （ C） Google was students only choice. （ D） Students did bad in using Google. 6 According to the researchers, what is the problem with JSTOR? （ A） Some of its articles are charged. （ B） It doesnt offer the newest articles. （ C） Its download speed is not stable. （ D） It contains misleading
30、 information. 7 When searching for resources, many students have experienced the feeling of_. （ A） helplessness and despair （ B） anxiety and confusion （ C） happiness and excitement （ D） comfort and satisfaction 8 According to the separate study, why dont students ask librarians for help? （ A） They d
31、ont realize their information inadequacy. （ B） They feel shamed to ask questions in the library. （ C） They consider the librarians as book keepers. （ D） They dont like depending on the guidance. 9 As to the gap between students and library employees, besides students, _should also be blamed. 10 The
32、faculty fail to connect students to librarians, because they have_. 11 Before librarians can realize the goal of “saving time for the reader“ , they first should get students to_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each
33、conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She is
34、preparing for an examination. （ B） She wants to give the man a surprise. （ C） She was glad to have finished the exam. （ D） She was stressful when taking exam. （ A） Cream cookies attract him more. （ B） He loves cookies without cream. （ C） Chocolate cookies are his favorite. （ D） He enjoys all kinds o
35、f cookies. （ A） They are waiting to buy medicine. （ B） There are two people cutting in line. （ C） They are anxious waiting in the line. （ D） Those two people will be punished. （ A） He has undergone an operation. （ B） He has worked in the hospital. （ C） He was admitted to leave hospital. （ D） He has
36、been staying in hospital. （ A） Go to the airport by taxiing together. （ B） Go to work by sharing a taxi. （ C） Complain the companys high cost. （ D） Save on their own expenses. （ A） Wait for 30 days. （ B） Return for repair. （ C） Buy another one. （ D） Get a refund. （ A） The location of Andersons offic
37、e. （ B） The appointment with Anderson. （ C） The construction of Andersons office. （ D） The directions showed by Anderson. （ A） Show his regret for being absent from the meeting. （ B） Get out of the office in the afternoon. （ C） Set the time for meeting next week. （ D） Input some data to the project.
38、 （ A） In the last week of August. （ B） In the middle of August. （ C） Two weeks before class registration. （ D） Two weeks after freshman orientation. （ A） She hasnt got any thought right now. （ B） She doesnt like English Literature. （ C） The major can be changed in her first year. （ D） The major is d
39、ecided by the admissions counselor. （ A） Students dont necessarily take foundation courses. （ B） Students must know everything. （ C） All the courses are very difficult to learn. （ D） It is the same as other countries system. （ A） It may stay there. （ B） It may disappear. （ C） It may cold down. （ D）
40、It may be destroyed. （ A） By burning hydrogen. （ B） By cooling other planets. （ C） By heating upper layers. （ D） By giving out radiation. （ A） It will explode. （ B） It will get colder. （ C） It will get hotter. （ D） It will be dark. （ A） A white planet. （ B） A red giant star. （ C） A new big planet. （
41、 D） A black dwarf star. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marke
42、d A, B, C and D. （ A） Whether it is comfortable. （ B） How different it is from others. （ C） How the furniture in their house is. （ D） Whether it can reflect their tastes. （ A） It is a tough battle which they dislike. （ B） It needs frequent and constant cleaning. （ C） It should be paid much attention
43、. （ D） It aims at making the most of the space. （ A） Easterners like cowboy styles. （ B） Easterners like French styles. （ C） Westerners like French styles. （ D） Westerners like fussy styles. （ A） What benefits can imagination bring to children. （ B） What are the best games for preschool children. （
44、C） What should children learn before going to school. （ D） How can parents boost childrens imagination. （ A） It has little influence over young childrens lives. （ B） It develops childrens sympathy for the patients. （ C） It helps children learn about how parents educate kids. （ D） It makes children c
45、onfident in their abilities and potential. （ A） Play pretend with their children. （ B） Read books to children every day. （ C） Communicate with their children. （ D） Create a new world for children. （ A） To make children buy something themselves. （ B） To make children learn to be independent. （ C） To
46、make children know how to earn money. （ D） To make children have a good experience. （ A） How much pocket money their children need. （ B） Whether their children know the value of money. （ C） What their children are likely to buy. （ D） Whether their children have a good plan. （ A） Asking their parents
47、 for more money. （ B） Stopping spending money for a long time. （ C） Waiting for pocket money for another time. （ D） Making a plan for their pocket money. （ A） Children can learn the process of a business. （ B） Children can receive more pocket money. （ C） Children can understand how hard work is. （ D
48、） Children can help parents share housework. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks
49、 numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Many people condemn the very thin fashion models who are considered to have a negative impact on the body image of all women, and especially young girls. If we look at models from the 1950s or earlier, they didnt【 B1】 _to suffer from lack of beauty due to a【
