1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 709及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Used as Public Parking Lots? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below ： 1目前一些大学开放校园作为公共停车场 2有人认为这样可以资源共享，有人认为这样
2、会扰乱教学秩序 3我认为 Should the University Campus Be Used as Public Parking Lots? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：
3、 Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Quantified Self Counting Every Moment The idea of measuring things to
4、 chart progress towards a goal is commonplace in large organizations, governments and companies. But this quantitative method is rather less widespread among individuals, with the notable exceptions of people who are trying to lose weight or improve their fitness. Most people do not routinely record
5、 their moods, sleeping patterns or activity levels, track how much alcohol or coffee they drink or chart how often they walk the dog. But some people are doing just these things. What they share is a belief that gathering and analyzing data about their everyday activities can help them improve their
6、 lives an approach known as “ self-tracking“ or “self-quantifying“. In some ways this is not a new idea. Athletes and their coaches commonly make detailed notes on nutrition, training sessions, sleep and other variables. Similar strategies have long been used to combat health problems like allergies
7、 (过敏 ). But new technologies make it simpler than ever to gather and analyze personal data. Sensors have shrunk and become cheaper. This makes it much easier to take the quantitative methods used in science and business and apply them to the personal sphere. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the notion of mar
8、rying technology with self-improvement originated in San Francisco, where Gary Wolf, a journalist and author, co-founded the “Quantified Self“ blog in 2007. This led to regular meetings, which are now held in about 50 cities around the world. “Almost everything we do generates data. “ says Mr. Wolf,
9、 “Data from phones, computers and credit cards are mostly used by companies to target advertising, recommend products or spot fraud. But tapping into the stream of data they generate can give people new ways to deal with medical problems or improve their quality of life in other ways. “ Quantify thi
10、s Self-quantifying is being taken seriously by start-ups, in Silicon Valley and elsewhere, which are launching new devices and software aimed at self-trackers. It may even provide a glimpse of the future of health care, in which a greater emphasis is placed on monitoring, using a variety of devises,
11、 to prevent disease, extend lives and reduce medical costs. To see how self-tracking rewards, consider the example of David, an investment banker in London. With his routine of early starts and 11-hour days, he found that he had trouble falling asleep, and worried that this affected his concentratio
12、n at work. He started using a headband made by Zeo, a startup based in Newton, Massachusetts. It tracks sleep quantity and quality by measuring brainwave activity to determine how long the wearer spends in light, deep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. David recorded his sleep data along with infor
13、mation on his diet, health supplements, exercise and alcohol consumption, uploading it all onto the Zeo website. He now sleeps for an average of seven-and-a-half hours a night, up from six hours before he began his self-tracking experiment. “ I feel more relaxed , sharper and more switched on,“ he s
14、ays. “ Seeing the facts on your computer screen makes them difficult to ignore. “ Some self-quantifiers can come across as a little odd. Not everyone carries out experiments to see whether wearing orange glasses or performing regular hopping exercises can improve sleep quality, or whether (as has be
15、en claimed) eating butter improves arithmetic ability. An obvious problem is that self-quantification experiments lack strict controls and clinical trials. There could also be placebo (安慰剂 ) effects. “With self-tracking you never really know whether it is your experiment that is affecting the outcom
16、e, or your expectations of the experiment,“ says Nancy Dougherty, a self-tracking enthusiast who works as a hardware engineer at Proteus Biomedical, a medical-devices company in Redwood City, California. She found that taking virtual pills labelled “happy“ , “calm“ , “focus“ and “will power“ had a n
17、oticeable impact, even though she knew they were placebos. But with careful design of experiments there is scope for self-tracking to produce useful data. The Zeo, for example, has already generated the largest-ever database on sleep stages, which revealed differences between men and women in REM-sl
18、eep quantity. Keeping track Tens of thousands of patients around the world are already sharing information about symptoms and treatments for hundreds of conditions on websites such as PatientsLikeMe and CureTogether. This has yielded valuable results. The growing number of self-tracking devices now
19、reaching the market will increase the scope for large-scale data collection, enabling users to analyse their own readings and incorporate them with those of other people. The thumb-sized Fitbit, for example, made by a company of the same name based in San Francisco , clips onto a belt to measure act
20、ivity levels and sleep patterns. A readout (读出器 ) shows steps walked, stairs climbed and calories burned. Information is also uploaded wirelessly to a website that analyses and displays the data and lets users compare notes with their friends. Jawbone, also based in San Francisco, has released the U
21、p, a wristband that communicates with an iPhone and can also measure physical activity and sleep patterns. GreenGoose, yet another San Francisco start-up, has devised tiny motion sensors that can be attached to everyday items, sending a wireless signal to a base-station whenever the item is used. A
22、sensor can be attached to a toothbrush, for example, or a watering can, or the collar of a dog, making it possible to measure and track how often you brush your teeth, water your plants or walk your dog. The companys aim is to establish a platform for the gamification (游戏化 ) of everyday activities.
23、As populations age and health-care costs increase, there is likely to be a greater emphasis on monitoring, prevention and maintaining “wellness“ in future, with patients taking a more active role an approach sometimes called “Health 2.0“. With their sleep monitors and health dashboards, the aficiona
24、dos (狂热爱好者 ) of self-tracking may end up being seen as pioneers of this model. “ We were inspired by our knowledge of this history of personal computing. “ Mr. Wolf says. “ We asked ourselves what would happen if we convened (召唤 ) advanced users of self-tracking technologies to see what we could lea
25、rn from each other. “ Self-tracking may look weird now, but the same was once true of e-mail. And what geeks do today , the rest of us often end up doing tomorrow. 2 As to the individual application of the quantitative method, the author is surprised to find that_. （ A） the number of people who use
26、it is rather large （ B） the way people apply the method is not scientific （ C） people who really need the method rarely use it （ D） most people dont approve the use of the method 3 People who conduct “self-tracking“ believe that the approach_. （ A） is helpful for life improvement （ B） can improve th
27、eir mathematics （ C） can better personal relationships （ D） is good for natural environment 4 What makes the use of quantitative methods easier in personal daily life? （ A） More professional instructors appear. （ B） Detailed instructions are released. （ C） Media coverage has increased greatly. （ D）
28、Devices become smaller and cheaper. 5 According to Gary Wolf, people can obtain new ways to solve medical problems and improve life quality through_. （ A） exploring the secrets of nature （ B） making use of the date they turn out （ C） tapping into the outer space （ D） developing computer technology 6
29、 What did the headband made by Zeo help David do? （ A） Concentrate on his daily work. （ B） Relieve his sleepiness and headache. （ C） Track his sleep quantity and quality. （ D） Record information on his daily life. 7 According to the author, what is an obvious disadvantage about self-quantification e
30、xperiments? （ A） People who take them may be considered odd. （ B） The fee to take them is extraordinarily high. （ C） They lack strict controls and clinical trials. （ D） They may have side effects on the users. 8 Nancy Dougherty knows that_. （ A） the virtual pills she takes have placebo effects （ B）
31、the experiments she takes affect her income （ C） she will probably die from overdose （ D） she will get useless data from self-tracking 9 The launch of more and more self-tracking devices into the market will expand the scope of_ 10 GreenGoose establishes a platform for changing everyday activities i
32、nto games for their sensors can be attached to_. 11 Self-tracking will probably gain world acceptance and popularity, even though it presently_ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions
33、will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She accepts it. （ B） She rejects it. （ C） S
34、he tells him to decide for himself. （ D） She will think about it. （ A） Catch a bus. （ B） Demand a telephone number. （ C） Cash a check. （ D） Make a phone call. （ A） His relation with the woman comes to an end. （ B） He is going to take an air trip. （ C） He is expressing his gratefulness. （ D） He feels
35、 ashamed to ask for excuse. （ A） She thinks its too far from her home. （ B） She likes new working environment. （ C） She doesnt like the company she is working with. （ D） She wants to save money for a journey. （ A） $1.00. （ B） $5.00. （ C） $0.75. （ D） $3.25. （ A） It is appropriate. （ B） It is too info
36、rmal. （ C） It is normal. （ D） It is too formal. （ A） Roses new husband is a writer. （ B） The man shouldnt believe everything he read. （ C） Appearances are often deceiving. （ D） She likes Roses new husbands book. （ A） She saw an ad. in the newspaper. （ B） She learned about it from a friend. （ C） She
37、heard about it during a television interview. （ D） She saw it on a list of job openings. （ A） In the middle of the semester. （ B） At the beginning of the exams. （ C） At the end of the school year. （ D） In the middle of summer vacation. （ A） She is from a very rich family. （ B） Bob doesn t have much
38、money. （ C） She lost a bet and owes Bob money, （ D） Bob left his wallet at home. （ A） His own ticket for the concert, （ B） Ellens ticket for the concert. （ C） Their trip in the summer vacation. （ D） The supper for him and Ellen. （ A） They dont get rid of loose arm. （ B） They can damage arm muscles.
39、（ C） They arent acceptable to most people. （ D） They can raise ones blood pressure. （ A） By talking to an expert. （ B） By reading an article. （ C） By attending an exercise class. （ D） By listening to, the radio. （ A） Exercising the entire body, （ B） Having your blood. Pressure to, ken daily. （ C） Lo
40、sing weight prior to exercising. （ D） Weighing in before each exercise session. （ A） Wearing arm weights while you are swimming. （ B） Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time. （ C） Using bicycles that require you use both your arms and legs. （ D） Walking slowly while swinging your arms back a
41、nd forth. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and
42、D. （ A） The atmosphere surrounding the Earth. （ B） Water from oceans and lakes. （ C） Energy from the Sun. （ D） Greenhouse gases in the sky. （ A） Most of it is lost in the upper and lower atmosphere. （ B） Most of it is reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere. （ C） Most of it is absorbed by the
43、 clouds in the lower atmosphere. （ D） Most of it is used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes. （ A） A forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy. （ B） All living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food. （ C） Only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of
44、on the Earth. （ D） Greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earths surface. 30 When did watches and clocks become common in the United States? （ A） From the 1850s. （ B） From the 1700s. （ C） From the 1800s. （ D） From the 1900s. 31 What was the main purpose of having a watch during the 18
45、00s? （ A） To know direction. （ B） To measure time. （ C） To show off ones wealth. （ D） To get to work on time. 32 Why was everyone interested in time by 1900? （ A） Everyone needed to measure their spare time. （ B） Everyone wanted to be punctual. （ C） Efficiency meant much more money. （ D） Efficiency
46、was closely related to time. （ A） The best universities in the United States. （ B） High school studentschoices after graduation. （ C） Electronic application in college admission. （ D） The increasing competition for the top schools in the U. S. （ A） High school students are using electronic forms to
47、apply for colleges. （ B） High school students are sending more applications compared with the past. （ C） The number of high school studentsentering college is increasing. （ D） High school students have to wait for the admission from top schools. （ A） After they have sent the electronic forms to the
48、schools they apply. （ B） After they have posted the Common Application to the university they apply. （ C） Not until the school knows the number of Common Application forms they receive. （ D） Not until the school knows the number of applicants who accept the admission offer. （ A） Students may worry a
49、bout the entrance requirement of the best colleges. （ B） Students may worry about their talent in music required by the best colleges. （ C） Students have to show interest in helping others. （ D） Students have to read the Wall Street Journal actively. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blank
