1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 760及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Tourist Industry in China. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: Tourist Industry in China 1. 旅游业的重要性 ; 2. 中国旅游业存在的问题 ;
2、3. 提出你解决问题的见解。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information g
3、iven in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Quantified Self Counting Every Moment The idea of measuring things to chart progress towards a goal is commonplace in large orga
4、nizations, governments and companies. But this quantitative method is rather less widespread among individuals, with the notable exceptions of people who are trying to lose weight or improve their fitness. Most people do not routinely record their moods, sleeping patterns or activity levels, track h
5、ow much alcohol or coffee they drink or chart how often they walk the dog. But some people are doing just these things. What they share is a belief that gathering and analyzing data about their everyday activities can help them improve their lives an approach known as “ self-tracking“ or “self-quant
6、ifying“. In some ways this is not a new idea. Athletes and their coaches commonly make detailed notes on nutrition, training sessions, sleep and other variables. Similar strategies have long been used to combat health problems like allergies (过敏 ). But new technologies make it simpler than ever to g
7、ather and analyze personal data. Sensors have shrunk and become cheaper. This makes it much easier to take the quantitative methods used in science and business and apply them to the personal sphere. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the notion of marrying technology with self-improvement originated in San Fr
8、ancisco, where Gary Wolf, a journalist and author, co-founded the “Quantified Self“ blog in 2007. This led to regular meetings, which are now held in about 50 cities around the world. “Almost everything we do generates data. “ says Mr. Wolf, “Data from phones, computers and credit cards are mostly u
9、sed by companies to target advertising, recommend products or spot fraud. But tapping into the stream of data they generate can give people new ways to deal with medical problems or improve their quality of life in other ways. “ Quantify this Self-quantifying is being taken seriously by start-ups, i
10、n Silicon Valley and elsewhere, which are launching new devices and software aimed at self-trackers. It may even provide a glimpse of the future of health care, in which a greater emphasis is placed on monitoring, using a variety of devises, to prevent disease, extend lives and reduce medical costs.
11、 To see how self-tracking rewards, consider the example of David, an investment banker in London. With his routine of early starts and 11-hour days, he found that he had trouble falling asleep, and worried that this affected his concentration at work. He started using a headband made by Zeo, a start
12、up based in Newton, Massachusetts. It tracks sleep quantity and quality by measuring brainwave activity to determine how long the wearer spends in light, deep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. David recorded his sleep data along with information on his diet, health supplements, exercise and alcoho
13、l consumption, uploading it all onto the Zeo website. He now sleeps for an average of seven-and-a-half hours a night, up from six hours before he began his self-tracking experiment. “ I feel more relaxed , sharper and more switched on,“ he says. “ Seeing the facts on your computer screen makes them
14、difficult to ignore. “ Some self-quantifiers can come across as a little odd. Not everyone carries out experiments to see whether wearing orange glasses or performing regular hopping exercises can improve sleep quality, or whether (as has been claimed) eating butter improves arithmetic ability. An o
15、bvious problem is that self-quantification experiments lack strict controls and clinical trials. There could also be placebo (安慰剂 ) effects. “With self-tracking you never really know whether it is your experiment that is affecting the outcome, or your expectations of the experiment,“ says Nancy Doug
16、herty, a self-tracking enthusiast who works as a hardware engineer at Proteus Biomedical, a medical-devices company in Redwood City, California. She found that taking virtual pills labelled “happy“ , “calm“ , “focus“ and “will power“ had a noticeable impact, even though she knew they were placebos.
17、But with careful design of experiments there is scope for self-tracking to produce useful data. The Zeo, for example, has already generated the largest-ever database on sleep stages, which revealed differences between men and women in REM-sleep quantity. Keeping track Tens of thousands of patients a
18、round the world are already sharing information about symptoms and treatments for hundreds of conditions on websites such as PatientsLikeMe and CureTogether. This has yielded valuable results. The growing number of self-tracking devices now reaching the market will increase the scope for large-scale
19、 data collection, enabling users to analyse their own readings and incorporate them with those of other people. The thumb-sized Fitbit, for example, made by a company of the same name based in San Francisco , clips onto a belt to measure activity levels and sleep patterns. A readout (读出器 ) shows ste
20、ps walked, stairs climbed and calories burned. Information is also uploaded wirelessly to a website that analyses and displays the data and lets users compare notes with their friends. Jawbone, also based in San Francisco, has released the Up, a wristband that communicates with an iPhone and can als
21、o measure physical activity and sleep patterns. GreenGoose, yet another San Francisco start-up, has devised tiny motion sensors that can be attached to everyday items, sending a wireless signal to a base-station whenever the item is used. A sensor can be attached to a toothbrush, for example, or a w
22、atering can, or the collar of a dog, making it possible to measure and track how often you brush your teeth, water your plants or walk your dog. The companys aim is to establish a platform for the gamification (游戏化 ) of everyday activities. As populations age and health-care costs increase, there is
23、 likely to be a greater emphasis on monitoring, prevention and maintaining “wellness“ in future, with patients taking a more active role an approach sometimes called “Health 2.0“. With their sleep monitors and health dashboards, the aficionados (狂热爱好者 ) of self-tracking may end up being seen as pion
24、eers of this model. “ We were inspired by our knowledge of this history of personal computing. “ Mr. Wolf says. “ We asked ourselves what would happen if we convened (召唤 ) advanced users of self-tracking technologies to see what we could learn from each other. “ Self-tracking may look weird now, but
25、 the same was once true of e-mail. And what geeks do today , the rest of us often end up doing tomorrow. 2 As to the individual application of the quantitative method, the author is surprised to find that_. （ A） the number of people who use it is rather large （ B） the way people apply the method is
26、not scientific （ C） people who really need the method rarely use it （ D） most people dont approve the use of the method 3 People who conduct “self-tracking“ believe that the approach_. （ A） is helpful for life improvement （ B） can improve their mathematics （ C） can better personal relationships （ D）
27、 is good for natural environment 4 What makes the use of quantitative methods easier in personal daily life? （ A） More professional instructors appear. （ B） Detailed instructions are released. （ C） Media coverage has increased greatly. （ D） Devices become smaller and cheaper. 5 According to Gary Wol
28、f, people can obtain new ways to solve medical problems and improve life quality through_. （ A） exploring the secrets of nature （ B） making use of the date they turn out （ C） tapping into the outer space （ D） developing computer technology 6 What did the headband made by Zeo help David do? （ A） Conc
29、entrate on his daily work. （ B） Relieve his sleepiness and headache. （ C） Track his sleep quantity and quality. （ D） Record information on his daily life. 7 According to the author, what is an obvious disadvantage about self-quantification experiments? （ A） People who take them may be considered odd
30、. （ B） The fee to take them is extraordinarily high. （ C） They lack strict controls and clinical trials. （ D） They may have side effects on the users. 8 Nancy Dougherty knows that_. （ A） the virtual pills she takes have placebo effects （ B） the experiments she takes affect her income （ C） she will p
31、robably die from overdose （ D） she will get useless data from self-tracking 9 The launch of more and more self-tracking devices into the market will expand the scope of_ 10 GreenGoose establishes a platform for changing everyday activities into games for their sensors can be attached to_. 11 Self-tr
32、acking will probably gain world acceptance and popularity, even though it presently_ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation an
33、d the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She cannot help the man because she is in a boat. （ B） The man should ask the doorkeeper where the hal
34、l is. （ C） The man should get into the same boat with her. （ D） The man should go to the hall by himself. （ A） The womans husband. （ B） The owner of the apartment. （ C） The apartment manager. （ D） The person who occupies the apartment now. （ A） In a hotel. （ B） In a house. （ C） In a two-bedroom apar
35、tment. （ D） In a three-bedroom apartment. （ A） Because she thought the apartment was too small. （ B） Because it was the first apartment she had seen. （ C） Because the rent was too high. （ D） Because her husband hadnt seen it. （ A） Colleagues. （ B） Boss and secretary. （ C） Customer and client manager
36、. （ D） Husband and wife. （ A） The late delivery of the copy machine. （ B） The daily work. （ C） The order number. （ D） The time of the work. （ A） To pay for the late delivery. （ B） To do something to make her happy （ C） To wait and see. （ D） To check and give a final solution. Section B Directions: I
37、n this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It helps the teacher orga
38、nize extra-curricula activities easily. （ B） It helps establish the reputation of the whole school. （ C） It helps build a positive teacher-student relationship. （ D） It helps unify a divided class into a cooperative one. （ A） The great numbers of people engaged in cigarette producing. （ B） The rapid
39、 development of cigarette-making machine. （ C） The rapid development of cigarette-making factories. （ D） The increasing output of tobacco. （ A） Forty-three. （ B） Thirty-one. （ C） Seventy-five. （ D） Forty-six. （ A） Income, years of schooling, and job type. （ B） Income and work environment. （ C） Educa
40、tion and mood. （ D） Occupation and influence of family members, （ A） Humans. （ B） Poultry. （ C） Fish. （ D） Monkeys. （ A） 5. （ B） 10. （ C） 15. （ D） 20. （ A） Out of the 15 confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 8 deaths. （ B） Out of the 15 confirmed human cases of bird flu in
41、 China last year, there were 10 deaths. （ C） Out Of the 34 confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 15 deaths. （ D） Out of the 34 confirmed human cases of bird flu in China last year, there were 10 deaths. （ A） Europe. （ B） Africa. （ C） America. （ D） Asia. Section C Direction
42、s: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard
43、. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 26 Elinor Ostrom is an American political scientist. She was 【 B1】 _the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences,
44、which she 【 B2】 _with Oliver E. Williamson, for “her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons.“ She is the first woman to win the prize in this 【 B3】 _. Ostrom lives in Bloomington, Indiana, and is on the 【 B4】 _of both Indiana University and Arizona State University. In 1973, she 【 B
45、5】 _ the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University with her husband, Vincent Ostrom. Examining the use of 【 B6】 _ action, trust and cooperation in the management of common pool resources, her institutional 【 B7】 _to public policy, known as the institutional analysis and
46、development (IAD) 【 B8】 _, has been considered sufficiently distinct to be thought of as a separate school of Public Choice Theory. 【 B9】 _. Ostrom is considered one of the leading scholars in the study of common pool resources. In particular, Ostroms work emphasizes 【 B10】 _. Common pool resources
47、include many forests, fisheries, oil fields, grazing lands and irrigation systems. Her work has considered 【 B11】 _. Under the situation that the global warming becoming the most pressing issue facing the human race, it was not by chance that Elinor Ostrom won this years Nobel Prize in Economics. 27
48、 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 37 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
49、 passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 37 Corrections has been a field dominated primarily by men. Women entering this field have had to struggle against the resistance【 S1】 _ when entering these types of jobs. Criminal justice and women have
