1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 779及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1询问关于展览内容等的信息 2开闭馆时间 3是否有折扣 (discount) 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For q
2、uestions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How Psychology Can Help the Planet Stay Cool “Im not c
3、onvinced its as bad as the experts make out. Its everyone elses fault. Even if I turn off my air conditioner, it will make no difference.“ The list of reasons for not acting to combat global warming goes on and on. This month, American Psychological Association (APA) released a report highlighting t
4、hese and other psychological barriers standing in the way of action. But dont despair. The report also points to strategies that could be used to convince us to play our part. Sourced from psychological experiments, we review tricks that could be used by companies or organisations to encourage clima
5、te-friendly behaviour. In addition, psychologist Mark van Vugt of the Free University of Amsterdam describes the elements of human nature that push us to act unselfishly. Appropriate guides As advertisers of consumer products well know, different groups of people may have quite distinct interests an
6、d motivations, and messages that seek to change behaviour need to be tailored to take these into account. “You have to target the marketing to a particular sector of the population,“ says Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, another of the reports authors. The wealthy young, for instance, t
7、end to be diet conscious, and this could be used to steer them away from foods like cheeseburgers-one of the most climate-unfriendly meals around because of the energy it takes to raise cattle. So when trying to convince them to give up that carbon-intensive beef pie, better to stress health benefit
8、s than the global climate. Though conservative authorities have been known to attack such efforts, characterising them as mind control, experiments indicate that people are willing to be persuaded. “From participants in our experiments, weve never heard a negative feedback,“ says Wesley Schultz of C
9、alifornia State University. In fact, according to John Petersen of Oberlin College, we are used to far worse. “Compared to the overwhelming number of advertising, it seems milder than anything I experience in my daily life,“ he says. Good neighbours Deep down, most of us want to fit in with the crow
10、d, and psychologists are exploiting this urge to encourage environmentally friendly behaviour. Researchers led by Wesley Schultz at California State University and Jessica Nolan, now at the University of Scranton, have found that people will cut their electricity usage if told that their neighbours
11、use less than they do. In one experiment, the researchers left information with households in San Marcos asking them to use fans rather than air conditioners at night, turn off lights and take shorter showers. Some messages simply stressed energy conservation, some talked about future generations, w
12、hile others emphasised the financial savings. But it was the flyers(传单 ) that asked residents to join with their neighbours in saving energy that were most effective in cutting electricity consumption. In another study, the researchers told households what others in their neighbourhood used on avera
13、ge. High users cut their consumption in response, but low users increased theirs. The problem disappeared if the messages were reinforced with sad or smiling faces. The smiles received by the residents who were already saving energy provided sufficient encouragement for them to keep doing so. Inform
14、ation economy Most people seem to conserve energy if provided with real-time feedback on how much they are using. But feedback can be too immediate. For instance, Janet Swim has a General Motors car that shows her mileage(里程 ) per gallon each time she accelerates. Its just not very useful, she argue
15、s, because its hard to place that momentary piece of feedback in the context of her overall driving behaviour and fuel efficiency. In contrast, the Toyota Prius display shows mileage per gallon over 5-minute intervals for the previous halfhour. With that contextual information, people can experiment
16、 with different driving styles to see how they affect mileage, and even compete with themselves to improve over time. The 2010 Honda Insight goes one better, flashing up an image of a prize to reward economical driving. The benefits of feedback are not restricted to car gadgets(小装置 ). Studies show t
17、hat devices that display domestic energy usage produce savings of between 5 and 12 percent. Here and now People have to be persuaded to act on climate change even though the benefit wont be felt for decades. Research by David Hardisty and Elke Weber of Columbia University suggests ways to achieve th
18、is. Hardisty and Weber have found that people respond in exactly the same way to decisions involving future environmental gains and losses as they do when making financial decisions. This allows psychologists knowledge of how to control financial decision-making to be brought into play. For instance
19、, schemes that give people a cash payment in advance for insulating(使隔热 ) their home will work better than those promising long-term savings, even if the people receiving cash end up paying a little more in the long run. And because we are generally more worried about future losses than we are impre
20、ssed by future gains, messages are more effective if framed to warn people that they will lose $500 over 10 years if they dont follow a particular course of action to limit climate change than if they are told theyll be $500 better off if they do take action. Social networks As social animals, we li
21、ke to interact with others and take inspiration from their actions. Psychologists are working out how to exploit this to spread behaviours that will help limit climate change. “My sense is that social networks are going to be important,“ says Swim. Allowing people to document successes in saving ene
22、rgy on their Facebook pages could drive change among their friends, and the Oberlin team is considering integrating this into its urban residence experiment. Tawanna Dillahunt and colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, think such opportunities presented by Facebook can be combined with our liking
23、 for animals. Inspired by the attachment that people can develop towards Tamagotchi virtual pets, the team is testing the compelling power of a “virtual polar bear“ standing on a sheet of floating ice that grows bigger as people adopt environmentally friendly behaviours such as taking shorter shower
24、s. Initial results suggest the polar bear has pull. 2 The report by APA summarises the strategies to encourage climate-friendly behaviour on the basis of _. （ A） public polls （ B） random interviews （ C） psychological experiments （ D） scientific theories 3 Its better to persuade the wealthy young out
25、 of carbon-intensive food by _. （ A） warning the global warming （ B） advertising on newspapers （ C） stressing the financial gain （ D） emphasizing health benefits 4 In the experiment by Wesley Sehultz of California State University, _. （ A） mind control turned out be a failure （ B） the feedback from
26、participants was negative （ C） no participant lodged a complaint （ D） searchers successfully convinced all participants 5 What are psychologists making use of to encourage environmentally friendly behaviour? （ A） Peoples nature of comparing with each other. （ B） Humans desire to fit in with the crow
27、d. （ C） Humans liking to be superior to others. （ D） Peoples benefits from their neighbours. 6 Whats the most effective way to convince residents to cut electricity consumption? （ A） Messages stressing energy conservation. （ B） Flyers talking about future generations. （ C） Flyers related with neighb
28、ours behaviour. （ D） Advertisements emphasizing financial savings. 7 The 2010 Honda Insight has a device that _. （ A） encourages drivers to chive economically （ B） flashes up an image as a warning signal （ C） shows mileage per gallon every 5 minutes （ D） conserves energy for the drivers 8 The resear
29、ch by Hardisty and Weber aims at _. （ A） changing peoples view on climate change （ B） altering peoples concept on consumption （ C） seeking ways to convince people to limit climate change （ D） increasing the benefit from acting on climate change 9 When talking people into taking action, its more effe
30、ctive to tell them future losses than_. 10 According to Swim,_will be important to spread behaviours that will help limit climate change. 11 According to Tawanna Dillahunt and colleagues, successes in saving energy by Facebook and our liking for animals can be_. Section A Directions: In this section
31、, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the f
32、our choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Whether to ask for a raise. （ B） Whether to buy a new house. （ C） Whether to employ the woman. （ D） Whether to take up the new job. （ A） The woman enjoys traveling a lot. （ B） The man and the woman are husband and wife. （ C）
33、 The womans experience during her last trip was not very pleasant. （ D） The woman cannot decide whether to go to New Orleans or stay at home. （ A） She hopes his recovery will continue quickly enough for the game. （ B） She thinks he needs to exercise a lot if he wishes to compete. （ C） She thinks he
34、should take it easy or otherwise he may not be able to compete. （ D） She hopes his back will get into shape in time for the game. （ A） It looks exactly like Susan. （ B） It makes Susan look older than she really is. （ C） It makes Susan look younger than she really is. （ D） It makes Susan look better
35、than she looks in person. （ A） The airport is closed due to bad weather. （ B） The flight is following its regular schedule. （ C） The plane will return to its point of departure. （ D） An earlier closure affected the airports schedule. （ A） They both enjoyed watching the game. （ B） People were surpris
36、ed at their winning the game. （ C） They both felt good about the results of the game. （ D） The man thought the results were beyond their expectations. （ A） The location of the session has been changed. （ B） She will definitely go to the session this evening. （ C） Shell probably be too tired to walk
37、to the session. （ D） The session might be canceled because of a heavy snow. （ A） He thinks it is difficult to get fuel for the car. （ B） He can manage to get the gasoline they need. （ C） He doesnt think it necessary to refuel the car. （ D） He hopes the woman will help him select a fuel. （ A） To pres
38、erve it longer. （ B） To give it a particular taste. （ C） To make it smoother. （ D） To increase the nutrition. （ A） Its flavor is special. （ B） Its healthy food. （ C） It goes well with fish. （ D） A high grade of fish is used in its preparation. （ A） In a few weeks. （ B） In two or three months. （ C） I
39、n about two years. （ D） In ten years. （ A） To interview people who are looking for a job. （ B） To give advice to young people who want to start a profession. （ C） To offer jobs to young people who have just finished school. （ D） To let people know its not easy for young people to get the job they wa
40、nt. （ A） Catherine went to seek advice for a job. （ B） Mrs Hunt found a job for her daughter. （ C） The Careers Officer gave Catherine and her mother some advice. （ D） Mrs Hunt tried to convince the Careers Advisory Officer that her daughter would be a very good teacher. （ A） Catherine s character. （
41、 B） Catherine s lack of organization. （ C） Catherine s appearance. （ D） Catherine s laziness. （ A） Talkative. （ B） Bossy. （ C） Intelligent. （ D） Commanding. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passa
42、ge and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） In population. （ B） In the geographical location. （ C） In its physical characteristics. （ D） Both B and C. （ A） Wide plains and high mountains. （
43、 B） Thousands of lakes and rivers of different sizes. （ C） Cool forests and hot deserts. （ D） A coastline several hundred miles long. （ A） The easy transportation of people and all the things. （ B） The large area of forest. （ C） A variety of animals. （ D） All kinds of weather. （ A） The need to bring
44、 back the large studios. （ B） The benefits of a dramatic arts education. （ C） The influence of television. （ D） The troubles within the film industry. （ A） Increased theater size. （ B） Excess production. （ C） A reduced market. （ D） Reduced loan guarantors. （ A） The lack of talent. （ B） The changes i
45、n studio management. （ C） The introduction of television. （ D） The distances between the theaters. （ A） The television was introduced. （ B） Ticket prices were increased. （ C） The finance companies declined. （ D） More than half of staff were dismissed. （ A） To make children buy something themselves.
46、（ B） To make children learn to be independent. （ C） To make children know how to earn money. （ D） To make children have a good experience. （ A） How much pocket money their children need. （ B） Whether their children know the value of money. （ C） What their children are likely to buy. （ D） Whether the
47、ir children have a good plan. （ A） Asking their parents for more money. （ B） Stopping spending money for a long time. （ C） Waiting for pocket money for another time. （ D） Making a plan for their pocket money. （ A） Children can learn the process of a business. （ B） Children can receive more pocket mo
48、ney. （ C） Children can understand how hard work is. （ D） Children can help parents share housework. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for
49、the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 The native people of North and South America were given the name “Indians“ by the【 B1】 _ Christopher Columbus. He thought he had reached a place called the Indies. In time, the【 B2】
