1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 830及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Killing Time Indoors 1现在有不少人业余时间喜欢 “宅 ”在家里 2人们对这种做法有不同看法 3我的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attach
2、ed to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Like time, space is perceived
3、differently in different cultures. Spatial consciousness in many Western cultures is based on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself. Westerners perceive shapes and dimensions, in which space is a realm of light, color, sight, and touch. Benjamin L. Whorf, in his classic work
4、Language, Thought and Reality, offers the following explanation as one reason why Westerners perceive space in this manner. Western thought and language mainly developed from the Roman, Latin-speaking, culture, which was a practical, experience-based system. Western culture has generally followed Ro
5、man thought patterns in viewing objective “reality“ as the foundation for subjective or “inner“ experience. It was only when the intellectually crude Roman culture became influenced by the abstract thinking of the Greek culture that the Latin language developed a significant vocabulary of abstract,
6、nonspatial terms. But the early Roman-Latin element of spatial consciousness, of concreteness, has been maintained in Western thought and language patterns, even though the Greek capacity for abstract thinking and expression was also inherited. However, some cultural-linguistic systems developed in
7、the opposite direction, that is, from an abstract and subjective vocabulary to a more concrete one. For example, Whorf tells us that in the Hopi language the word heart, a concrete term, can be shown to be a late formation from the abstract terms think or remember. Similarly, although it seems to We
8、sterners, and especially to Americans, that objective, tangible “reality“ must precede any subjective or inner experience; in fact, many Asian and other non-European cultures view inner experience as the basis for ones perceptions of physical reality. Thus although Americans are taught to perceive a
9、nd react to the arrangement of objects in space and to think of space as being “wasted“ unless it is filled with objects, the Japanese are trained to give meaning to space itself and to value “empty“ space. It is not only the East and the West that are different in their patterning of space. We can
10、also see cross-cultural varieties in spatial perception when we look at arrangements of urban space in different Western cultures. For instance, in the United States, cities are usually laid out along a grid, with the axes generally north/south and east/west. Streets and buildings are numbered seque
11、ntially. This arrangement, of course, makes perfect sense to Americans. When Americans walk in a city like Paris, which is laid out with the main streets radiating from centers, they often get lost. Furthermore, streets in Paris are named, not numbered, and the names often change after a few blocks.
12、 It is amazing to Americans how anyone gets around, yet Parisians seem to do well. Edward Hall, in The Silent Language, suggests that the layout of space characteristic of French cities is only one aspect of the theme of centralization that characterizes French culture. Thus Paris is the center of F
13、rance, French government and educational systems are highly centralized, and in French offices the most important person has his or her desk in the middle of the office. Another aspect of the cultural patterning of space concerns the functions of spaces. In middle class America, specific spaces are
14、designated for specific activities. Any intrusion of one activity into a space that it was not designed for is immediately felt as inappropriate. In contrast, in Japan, this case is not true: Walls are movable, and rooms are used for one purpose during the day and another purpose in the evening and
15、at night. In India there is yet another culturally patterned use of space. The function of space in India, both in public and in private places, is connected with concepts of superiority and inferiority. In Indian cities, villages, and even within the home, certain spaces are designated as polluted,
16、 or inferior, because of the activities that take place there and the kinds of people who use such spaces. Spaces in India are segregated so that high caste and low caste, males and females, secular and sacred activities are kept apart. This pattern has been used for thousands of years, as demonstra
17、ted by the archaeological evidence uncovered in ancient Indian cities. It is a remarkably persistent pattern, even in modern India, where public transportation reserves a separate space for women. For example, Chandigarh is a modern Indian city de signed by a French architect. The apartments were bu
18、ilt according to European concepts, but the Indians living there found certain aspects inconsistent with their previous use of living space. Ruth Freed, an anthropologist who worked in India, found that Indian families living in Chandigarh modified their apartments by using curtains to separate the
19、mens and womens spaces. The families also continued to eat in the kitchen, a traditional pattern, and the living room-dining room was only used when Western guests were present. Traditional Indian village living takes place in an area surrounded by a wall. The courtyard gives privacy to each residen
20、ce group. Chandigarh apartments, however, were built with large windows, reflecting the European value of light and sun, so many Chandigarh families pasted paper over the windows to recreate the privacy of the traditional courtyard. Freed suggests that these traditional Indian patterns may represent
21、 an adaptation to a densely populated environment. Anthropologists studying various cultures as a whole have seen a connection in the way they view both time and space. For example, as we have seen, Americans look on time without activity as “wasted“ and space without objects as “wasted.“ Once again
22、, the Hopi present an interesting contrast. In the English language, any noun for a location or a space may be used on its own and given its own characteristics without any reference being made to another location or space. For example, we can say in English: “The room is big“ or “The north of the U
23、nited States has cold winters.“ We do not need to indicate that “room“ or “north“ has a relationship to any other word of space or location. But in Hopi, locations or regions of space cannot function by themselves in a sentence. The Hopi cannot say “north“ by itself; they must say “in the north,“ “f
24、rom the north,“ or in some other way use a directional suffix with the word north. In the same way, the Hopi language does not have a single word that can be translated as room. The Hopi word for room is a stem, a portion of a word, that means “house,“ “room,“ or “enclosed chamber,“ but the stem can
25、not be used alone. It must be joined to a suffix that will make the word mean “in a house“ or “from a chamber.“ Hollow spaces like room, chamber, or hall in Hopi are concepts that are meaningful only in relation to other spaces. In some cultures a significant aspect of spatial perception is shown by
26、 the amount of “personal space“ people need between them-selves and others to feel comfortable and not crowded. North Americans, for instance, seem to require about four feet of space between themselves and people near them to feel comfortable. On the other hand, people from Arab countries and Latin
27、 America feel comfortable when they are close to each other. People from different cultures, therefore, may unconsciously infringe on each others sense of space. Thus just as different perceptions of time may create cultural conflicts, so too may different perceptions of space. 2 The passage is abou
28、t cross-cultural spatial perceptions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 European cultures generally value inner personal experience more than non-European cultures do. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 China is an example of a highly centralized society. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Japan and the United States are similar i
29、n that both cultures use the same space for a variety of different purposes. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In India, public and private space is separated for males and females. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The Hopi language locates places only in connection with other spaces or directions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
30、NG 8 Arab, Latin American, and North American cultures all have similar perceptions of personal space. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Ancient Greek culture emphasized _. 10 Streets and buildings are numbered sequentially in _. 11 A French architect designed a modern Indian city, named _. Section A Directio
31、ns: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,
32、you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） 96 dollars. （ B） 36 dollars. （ C） 60 dollars. （ D） 48 dollars. （ A） Differences between soccer and rugby. （ B） A football match between China and Britain. （ C） Chinese and British football fans. （ D） Ones
33、favorite sport. （ A） It is not very popular in China. （ B） It is accepted by more and more people. （ C） People in China like playing football but do not like watching it. （ D） Chinese people are all keen on football. （ A） Most of them are very crazy. （ B） Theyre troublemakers. （ C） They love footbal
34、l very much. （ D） They contribute all their lives to football. （ A） The Shinto gods lived inside the bamboo. （ B） Bamboo was the food of the Shinto gods. （ C） The Shinto gods used bamboo to build houses. （ D） The early inhabitants worshiped bamboo as the Shinto gods. Section B Directions: In this se
35、ction, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To prepare the kids to school. （ B
36、） To prepare the kids to succeed. （ C） To prepare the kids to love and work. （ D） To prepare the kids to be parents. （ A） To talk with them supportively. （ B） To talk with them seriously. （ C） To set a model for them. （ D） To be strict with them. （ A） To turn to be a single-parent family. （ B） To ma
37、intain a two-parent family. （ C） To teach the kids how to work. （ D） To treat the kids with support. （ A） A science fiction cartoon. （ B） A scientific program. （ C） A movie on personality disorders. （ D） A drama set in New York City. （ A） To demonstrate the latest use of computer graphics. （ B） To r
38、aise funds for public television programming. （ C） To explain the working of the brain. （ D） To increase membership in professional medical societies. （ A） Because it is required of all science majors. （ B） Because it was made in New York City. （ C） Because it will be shown after working hours. （ D）
39、 Because it will be helpful with course work. （ A） The development of balloons. （ B） The weather balloons. （ C） The history of human being flying. （ D） Balloons for recreation. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, yo
40、u should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank
41、s, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 23 More and more Americans are reading their own credit report. Credit reports are 【 B1】 _by lenders to decide how risky it would be to offer a loan or credit to an individual. The report holds information about a persons【 B
42、2】 _loans and credit-card debt. It records late【 B3】 _of bills and any unpaid loans. It all adds up to a credit history. These days, though, lenders often【 B4】 _people with bad credit histories. They are【 B5】 _higher interest rates and other loan costs. Some Americans want to read their credit repor
43、t to know if they have been a 【 B6】_of identity theft. They can see if any loans or credit cards have been 【 B7】_in their name with stolen personal information. Another reason is that credit reports are not always correct. They might【 B8】_wrong information or old information. One change, in 2001, pe
44、rmits people to see their FICO score. FICO is short for the Fair Isaac Corporation. 【 B9】 _. Fair Isaac says many lenders not just in the United States but around the world use its technology to create credit scores.【 B10】 _. As of May, the company says it sold ten million credit scores to individua
45、ls.【 B11】 _. Paying bills on time and paying off credit-card debt improve credit scores. 24 【 B1】 25 【 B2】 26 【 B3】 27 【 B4】 28 【 B5】 29 【 B6】 30 【 B7】 31 【 B8】 32 【 B9】 33 【 B10】 34 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
46、 for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not u
47、se any of the words in the bank more than once. 34 People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the【 S1】 _and have made up their minds to【 S2】 _the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against h
48、eavy trucks which run【 S3】 _and night through the narrow High Street. “They not only make it【 S4】 _to sleep at night, but they are【 S5】_damage to our houses and shops of historical【 S6】 _,“ said John Norris, one of the protesters. “【 S7】 _we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,“ said Jean Lace
49、y, a biology student, why dont they build a new road that goes round the town? Burlington isnt much more than an【 S8】 _village. Its streets were never【 S9】 _for heavy traffic. Harry Fields also studying【 S10】 _said they wanted to make as much noise possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody has to stand. “Most of them dont live here anyway,“ he said, “they come in for meetings, and the Town Hall is soundproo
