1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 838及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join to a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 本社团的主要活动内容 2. 参加本社团的好处 3. 如何加入本社团 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension
2、 (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statemen
3、t contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Highways Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they we
4、re usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate(容纳 )automobiles. With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路 )companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scot
5、tish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam(for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country
6、 were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U. S. Armys first transcontinental motor convoy(车队 ), he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germanys Autobahn or motorway had mad
7、e me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.“ It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense ef
8、fort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways di
9、d not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally
10、 controlled design criteria. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be work
11、ed out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were a
12、nother problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America. Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs i
13、n Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nations physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway constructi
14、on around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U. S. , and the U. S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians
15、or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U. S. roads(0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads). By opening the North American contin
16、ent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system pr
17、ovides individuals with what they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility. The interstate system has been an essential element of the nations economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 per cent of the nations freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arri
18、ve by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed t
19、he relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural. By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower
20、to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: “Together the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts. 2 National standards for
21、 paved roads were in place by 192 （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 It was in the 190s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system. （ A
22、） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Many of the problems presented by the countrys geographical features found solutions in innovative engineer projects. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads. （ A） Y （ B） N
23、 （ C） NG 7 The interstate highways system provides access between major military installations in America. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The greatest benefit brought about by the int
24、erstate system was _. 10 Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than _. 11 The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or m
25、ore questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Her back hurt during the meet
26、ing. （ B） She agreed that it was a good meeting. （ C） His support would have helped this morning. （ D） The proposal should be sent back （ A） European tradition. （ B） Weights and measurements. （ C） Employment. （ D） US political system. （ A） He is not sure there will be space for Simon. （ B） He wants
27、to make sure that the weather is clear. （ C） He does not know if they can get a room. （ D） He will ask Simon what he wants. （ A） $160.00 （ B） $150.00 （ C） $180.00 （ D） $120.00 （ A） He is forgetful. （ B） His class is easy. （ C） He is looking for an assistant. （ D） His course is difficult. （ A） Not ge
28、tting what he wants. （ B） A custom that is new to him. （ C） Calling up customers. （ D） Some of his good friends. （ A） He seems tired of driving from his home to work. （ B） He prefers walking to driving. （ C） He is satisfied with driving from his home to work. （ D） The road is good but there is a lot
29、 of traffic. （ A） In a library. （ B） In a book shop. （ C） In a restaurant. （ D） In a department store. （ A） Her professor did not like her story. （ B） She had trouble finishing her assignment. （ C） she did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper. （ D） She was taking too many courses. （ A） Ta
30、ke some extra time. （ B） Do a writing exercise. （ C） Do some work for another course. （ D） Write the story ending first. （ A） To go shopping. （ B） To do research for her story. （ C） To meet with her professor. （ D） To take a break from her work, （ A） The necessity to keep everything in place. （ B） C
31、atalogs used as textbooks by country school teachers. （ C） Sears and Ward and catalog sale business. （ D） The competition between small stores and catalog sale. （ A） She wants to order a filing cabinet. （ B） She wants to keep her room tidy. （ C） She wants to practice spelling and calculation. （ D） S
32、he wants to find any interesting story in it. （ A） Women. （ B） Farmers. （ C） Men. （ D） Pupils. （ A） They were used to hold stuff. （ B） They took the place of newspaper in history. （ C） They helped the farmers to have better harvest. （ D） They were used as textbooks. Section B Directions: In this sec
33、tion, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Watching traditional plays. （ B） Vi
34、siting the magnificent libraries. （ C） Boating on the river. （ D） Cycling in narrow streets. （ A） There are many visitors there. （ B） There are many students there. （ C） There are many old streets there. （ D） There are many bicycles there. （ A） People of all age like watching football. （ B） Children
35、 know a lot about football. （ C） People all shout for the team they support. （ D） Football is the most popular game in England. （ A） They take games seriously. （ B） They think games are secondary. （ C） They think games are the most important. （ D） Lessons and games are equally important. （ A） It mea
36、ns the training of the character. （ B） It means teaching facts in the classroom. （ C） It should be good both for the body and the mind. （ D） It means playing games. （ A） It has a negative effect on the natural environment. （ B） The quality of our life is decreased. （ C） The worlds population is appr
37、oaching certain limits on growth. （ D） Natural resources are used up. （ A） Because it can create the capital needed to improve our quality of life. （ B） Because it can provide natural resources to industry. （ C） Because it can make the quality ot life decrease. （ D） Because it can control the worlds
38、 population. （ A） The advantages of the economic growth. （ B） The disadvantages of the economic growth. （ C） The importance of the economic growth. （ D） The debate about whether the economic growth is desirable. （ A） The author is in favor of economic growth. （ B） The author is against continued eco
39、nomic growth. （ C） The author does not show his point of view. （ D） The author is very glad to join the discussion. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the pass
40、age is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or
41、write down the 35 Online bill pay can help you manage your bills without having to worry about paper bills and checks.【 B1】 _you have online bill pay set up and running, you can【 B2】 _ more time on the fun things in life. There are【 B3】 _ types of online bill pay【 B4】 _. For example, online bill pay
42、 offered by your bank and online hill pay offered by your service【 B5】 _ (phone company, mortgage company, etc). If you really like to【 B6】 _ things so that you dont have to think about them, you can automate online bill pay. Almost all online bill pay services will allow you to set up recurring【 B7
43、】 _. For example, you can have the online bill pay service take care of your phone bill every month or your【 B8】 _ every quarter. Another way you can let online bill pay run on auto-pilot is to allow your service providers to pull money out of your account without you having to click anywhere.【 B9】
44、_ and the payment is made without any activity on your part. If you authorize these types of payments,【 B10】 _ Online bill pay can really make your life easier.【 B11】 _. Give online bill pay a try! 36 【 B1】 37 【 B2】 38 【 B3】 39 【 B4】 40 【 B5】 41 【 B6】 42 【 B7】 43 【 B8】 44 【 B9】 45 【 B10】 46 【 B11】 S
45、ection A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a le
46、tter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 46 Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical 【 S1】 _ in their own right, n
47、ot mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much 【 S2】 _ any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to 【 S3】 _ the process that has created the human world to which we live and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and 【 S4】 _ environment. Archaeological data ar
48、e all changes in the material world 【 S5】 _ from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes 【 S6】 _ may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain 【 S7】 _ and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a r
49、ather superficial 【 S8】 _ between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based 【 S9】 _ written records. Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are of great importance, 【 S10】 _ they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless recorded. A social B as C what D upon E document F yet G and H relic I like J contrast
