1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 852及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1简介中国大学近年扩招情况 2大学扩招可能带来的问题 3采取相关措施解决问题 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For q
2、uestions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Clues to Help Explain the Frequency of Injuries The th
3、ree women are all serious athletes, and they work together at a small research and development firm in New Jersey. Frequent Injuries One had a single serious injury when she was a teenager doing gymnastics and skiing. One recently had a hairline crack in the tibia(胫骨 ), a serious-overuse injury from
4、 running. And the third has had one injury after another for the last five years. Which do you think is which: Jennifer Davis, 38, runs almost every day, at least 10 miles, and wears her running shoes down to a nub. She has had surgery to remove half the meniscus in her left knee after she tore it e
5、xercising, and she is missing that piece of cartilage that stabilizes the joint. Tara Martin, 30, is a triathlete who has competed in many triathlon sports including the Hawaii Ironman, which consists of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.2-mile run. Birgit Unfried, 26, has been running
6、competitively since high school. She also uses an elliptical cross-trainer, swims and takes spinning classes at her gym. She races in 5K and 10K events, never doing the long-distance training that is needed to run a marathon. O. K. , its a trick question. Birgit has chronic injuries either her knee
7、hurts or she has excruciating shinsplints that keep her from running. Jen, who is my workout partner, tore her meniscus, the cartilage that helps stabilize the knee, when she was a teenager. She had surgery at 15 and has not had a serious injury since. And Tara, who is part of a running group that J
8、en and I belong to, had the hairline crack, a stress fracture, in 2006. The injury, which was devastating and which took three months to heal, occurred just when she was trying to increase her mileage for fall marathons. Explanation and Protection And that leads to some of the most difficult problem
9、s in exercise science: Why do some people become injured even though, like Birgit, they try to do everything right while others, like Jen, who flout (蔑视 ) every rule, avoid injury? And how can the injury-prone protect themselves? Exercise scientists say they have a few answers that can help with som
10、e common injuries. But all too often injuries remain a mystery and people may have to figure out how much exercise is too much for themselves and what sort of routines tend to produce injuries. “We dont have enough definitive evidence to say, This causes an injury and even if you dont have an injury
11、 you should change it,“ said Stephen Messier, who directs the biomechanics lab at Wake Forest University. Much of the work focuses on running injuries. But the same principles apply to swimming, tennis, bicycling or basketball. “I think that there is a general quality of heartiness, or robustness, t
12、hat may influence who gets hurt and who doesnt,“ said Carl Foster, director of the human performance laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse. “Ive never seen any systematically collected data, and Im not even sure what one would measure, but anyone who has worked with athletes for any t
13、ime at all has seen that there are just some people who are fragile and some who arent.“ Sometimes injuries have a simple fix like making sure your bicycle fits properly or improving your swimming stroke. More often, they do not. And people tend to get the same injury repeatedly. “My guess is that i
14、t is probably your weak link, perhaps due to your structural malalignment,“ said Irene Davis, the research director at the Drayer Physical Therapy Institute at the University of Delaware. “You probably have an innate predisposition for that injury.“ For example, people differ in the way their tissue
15、s, bones and ligaments respond to increased training, said Dr. Gordon Matheson, an exercise physiologist and orthopedic surgeon at Stanford University and a past editor of the journal Physician “Its a big jump from a 9-minute mile to an 8-minute mile, and shock absorption can decrease substantially
16、making that move. “ But Dr. Davis recent research has identified a few biomechanical features of people who tend to get two common injuries - runners knee and stress fractures of the tibia and showed that its possible to change peoples biomechanics. The investigators, though, have not yet confirmed
17、those findings with rigorous studies. Dr. Davis said that runners whose knees hurt tended to drop their hip with each step while, at the same time, their knees cave inward by an excessive amount. Using a computer monitor and cameras, she showed runners where their hips and knees were when they were
18、running on a treadmill and where they should be. They learned to change their alignment and, according to Dr. Davis, they said their knee pain decreased. Stress fractures of the tibia may have a very different cause, Dr. Davis said. Those who get it often have a characteristic gait, she said. The ru
19、nners tend to strike the ground hard with their heel. Dr. Daviss solution is to train runners by having them run on treadmills that can measure the force of each step. The runners can see how hard their feet hit the treadmill. That still leaves a lot of injuries that are largely unexplained. And tha
20、t means that for some people, injuries may just be a fact of life. You Can Still Have Fun Jen seems to get by unscathed. She ran the Baltimore marathon on Oct. 11, will run the New York City Marathon on Nov. 2, and will compete in a 50-mile race in Maryland a few weeks later. Tara also ran in the Ba
21、ltimore marathon, three weeks after competing in a triathlon in Maryland, and is training for a marathon in Harrisburg, Pa., on Nov. 9. And Birgit is still in spinning classes and on the elliptical cross-trainer, hoping to run soon. But that does not mean she cant have fun. Just ask Dr. Alan Garber,
22、 a professor of medicine at Stanford who has a daunting injury history and has learned to cope. It began in the late 1970s when he was preparing for a marathon and got a stress fracture of his tibia. He sought help, changed his shoes, and thought he had solved his problem. Then, a few years ago, he
23、started running the Silicon Valley Marathon but had to stop because he was in such pain. “I could barely walk,“ Dr. Garber said. This time he had a severe stress fracture near where his calf muscles attach to his tibia. It was so bad that Stanford now uses his X-rays as a teaching tool. “Its the wor
24、st stress fracture they have ever seen,“ Dr. Garber said. He spent eight weeks on crutches before beginning his path back to running. Last year, he fell while running down a steep hill, twisting his ankle so badly that he tore his ligaments. Another long recuperation followed. Now hes hurt his hip f
25、rom vigorous workouts on a rowing machine. But Dr. Garber learned to cope. “I go into recovery mode,“ Dr. Garber said. At each stage of his recovery, he seizes upon the things he can do. When he had the severe stress fracture, he could not kick when he tried to swim. So he swam with a pull buoy. The
26、 day he was finally able to kick was fabulous. He graduated to pool running, jumping into the deep end of a pool and moving his legs and arms as though he were running. He loved it. He could use an elliptical cross-trainer when he got a little better. Sheer joy. Ordinarily, swimming or pool running
27、or an elliptical cross-trainer would seem like a bore to Dr. Garber. But he finds himself looking forward to those workouts. And, he said, he tells himself: “Ive recovered before. I just have to switch to exercises that I can still do.“ 2 Tara had a hairline crack when she was trying to increase her
28、 mileage for the autumn Marathons. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 3 Stephen Messier claims that they have definite evidence to say what causes an injury. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 4 According to Carl Foster, anyone who has worked with athletes for any time at all has seen some people are more
29、 likely to get injured than others. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 5 One of the explanations given by Irene Davis to repeated injuries is an innate predisposition for that injury. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 6 Dr Davis recent finding of a few biomechanical features of people who tend to get run
30、ners knee and stress fractures is considered a breakthrough by the investigators. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 7 For some people, injuries may just be a part of life for there are still some injuries which are left unexplained. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 8 Dr. Alan Garber got a stress fractu
31、re of his tibia while running a marathon in the 1970s. （ A） YES （ B） NO （ C） NOT GIVEN 9 Stephen Messier, who directs the biomechanics lab at Wake Forest University, mainly concentrates on study of_. 10 Last year, Dr Alan Garber fell while running down a steep hill and twisted his ankle so badly tha
32、t he_. 11 At each stage of Dr. Garbers recovery from an injury, he_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions
33、will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Chocolate cake. （ B） Ice cream without sugar. （ C） Chocolate ice cream. （ D） Chocolate cake and ice cream. （ A） He is
34、very satisfied with it. （ B） He has to spend the miserable days. （ C） He thinks it should be better. （ D） He has some problems with his comrades. （ A） Laura never takes others advice. （ B） Laura has made up her mind. （ C） Laura will not take action. （ D） Lam dislikes others persuasion. （ A） 30 dolla
35、rs. （ B） 25 dollars. （ C） 35 dollars. （ D） 15 dollars. （ A） Waiting to watch a movie. （ B） Waiting to see a doctor. （ C） Waiting to have a dinner. （ D） Waiting to take a seat. （ A） Saleswoman and customer. （ B） Teacher and student. （ C） Boss and employee. （ D） Father and daughter. （ A） Repair the ph
36、one by himself. （ B） See whether he has followed the instructions. （ C） Calm himself down before going to the store. （ D） Write a chock when buying a phone in the store. （ A） He has caught a cold. （ B） He will recover soon. （ C） He was enforced to see a doctor. （ D） He has fallen out of love. （ A） T
37、o the state museum. （ B） To the art museum. （ C） To the science museum. （ D） To the history museum. （ A） The cost of the ticket. （ B） The number of the platform. （ C） The ticket machine. （ D） The stops of the train. （ A） About every five minutes. （ B） about every six minutes. （ C） About every seven
38、minutes. （ D） About every eight minutes. （ A） How to place orders. （ B） The womans history class. （ C） The history of American catalog business. （ D） The relationship between farmers and Ward. （ A） For her study. （ B） To order some filing cabinet. （ C） To buy something to decorate her dormitory room
39、. （ D） To find some topics to discuss in the class. （ A） The farmers liked to order from catalogs because of the lower prices. （ B） If the farmers ordered a lot of things they could get a refund for one of them. （ C） Wards business was popular among farmers because it was convenient for them to orde
40、r from catalogs. （ D） Some small stores were driven out of the business because they didnt give refund to farmers. （ A） The catalogs were helpful with the study of students. （ B） They used the catalogs to place orders. （ C） Their textbooks were not as good as the catalogs. （ D） The prices of things
41、in the catalogs were low. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices mar
42、ked A, B, C and D. （ A） Someone who spends a lot of their spare time playing football. （ B） Someone who hunts wild animals and birds. （ C） Someone who sells shoes and shirts. （ D） Someone who is paid for the sport they compete in. （ A） All professional athletes. （ B） All stars. （ C） A few stars. （ D
43、） International tennis stars. （ A） Advertise products for companies. （ B） Sell watches and food. （ C） Sell shirts and shoes. （ D） Compete in a game. （ A） She wanted to buy a car. （ B） She wanted to joke with the bank. （ C） The bank is the cheapest place in New York to park her car. （ D） She will go
44、to Europe on business. （ A） $15.00. （ B） $15.40. （ C） $50.00. （ D） $50.14. （ A） She can return the loan on time. （ B） She possessed a costly ear. （ C） She borrowed a lot of money. （ D） She is a multimillionaire. （ A） Leaves. （ B） Herbs. （ C） Fruit. （ D） Human. Section C Directions: In this section,
45、you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbere
46、d from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 34 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such 【 B1】 _ numbers used to discou
47、rage us and cause us to 【 B2】_ the possibility of making a machine with humanlike ability, hut now that we here grown used to moving forward at such a 【 B3】 _ we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only to or 20 years perhaps, we will he able to 【 B4】 _ a machine as complex as the human brain. It may t
48、hen take us a long time to 【 B5】 _ it intelligent by leading in the right software or by 【 B6】_ the architecture but that too will happen. I think it certain that in 【 B7】 _ , not centuries, machines of silicon(硅 ) will arise first to 【 B8】 _ and then exceed their human ancestors. 【 B9】 _. Silicon w
49、ill have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe. As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines, 【 B10】 _, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments. Further, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, 【 B11】 _. 34 【 B1】 35 【 B2】 36
