1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 854及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Left-Behind Children 1近年来，随着进城打工的农民工越来越多，农村的留守儿童也随之增加 2对留守儿童的管理和教育存在着很多问题 3为了解决这个问题，我认为 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and an
2、swer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 How G
3、lobal Warming Works Gases in the Earths atmosphere act like glass in a greenhouse-trapping heat and making life on Earth possible. But there is a delicate balance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas increases atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Over the past century, increases in industry, tra
4、nsportation, and electricity production have increased gas concentrations in the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove them leading to human-caused warming of the globe. The Sources Of Global Warming The major source of global warming is carbon dioxide pollution from power plants, auto
5、 mobiles, and industry. Another source is global deforestation. Power plants are responsible for more than a third of U. S. CO2emissions, yet there are no caps on CO2emissions from power plants or any other industry. Gas guzzling cars and light trucks are also responsible for a third of U.S. CO2emis
6、sions. Current regulations allow for very inefficient vehicles which spew tons of CO2 Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. When they are cut and burned that CO2is released back into the atmosphere. Massive deforestation around the globe is releasing large amounts of CO2and decreasi
7、ng the forests ability to take CO2from the atmosphere. Solutions The U. S. , with only four percent of the worlds population, is responsible for 22 percent of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. Fortunately, solutions exist to cut our global warming emissions. Decision makers in the United States s
8、hould take the following steps. Increasing fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks would cut millions of tons of CO2pollution as well as decreasing dependence on foreign oil. Putting a cap on CO2from power plants would cut millions of tons of CO2pollution as well as decreasing pollution
9、that causes acid rain, smog, and respiratory illness. Shifting investment from fossil fuels like coal and oil to renewable energy and energy efficiency would allow cleaner, more sustainable sources of energy to take their rightful place as market leaders. Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol would be
10、a modest but important first step to ward international emissions reductions. The Evidence Recently, alarming events that are consistent with scientific predictions about the effects of climate change have become more and more commonplace. The global average temperature has increased by about 0.5C a
11、nd sea level has risen by about 10 inches (25cm) in the past century. Official confirmation came in 1995, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an officially appointed international panel of over 2,500 of the worlds leading scientific experts, found that evidence suggests a human influ
12、ence on the global climate. The following are events which consistent with scientists predictions of the effects of global warming: The past two decades have witnessed a stream of new heat and precipitation re cords. The 10 hottest years on record have all occurred since 1980, the hottest year ever
13、on record is 1997, and the hottest January through July on record occurred in 1998. Glaciers are melting around the world. Alaskas Columbia Glacier has retreated more than eight miles in the last 16 years while temperatures there have increased. A section of an Antarctic ice shelf as big as the Dist
14、rict of Columbia broke off. Severe floods like the devastating Midwestern floods of 1993 and 1997 are becoming more common. Infectious diseases are moving into new areas as seen in the recent outbreaks of Dengue fever in Texas and Malaria in New Jersey. The Opposition The Global Climate Coalition, a
15、 powerful coalition of oil, power, and auto companies has followed the lead of tobacco companies by denying the harm they cause. They have spent millions of dollars trying to discredit the scientific consensus of the IPCC and slow steps to combat global warming. The public has not fallen for their d
16、eception, but the Global Climate Coalition appears to have had some impact on members of Congress. Health Risks Rates of infectious disease will rise, with the spread of mosquitoes and other disease carrying organisms that thrive in warm, wet climates. More frequent and more severe heat waves will p
17、ose a threat to public health, with children and the elderly especially vulnerable. In the 1990s, outbreaks of malaria have occurred in Michigan, Texas, Florida, Georgia, California, New Jersey and New York. Two major heat waves-in Chicago in 1995 and Dallas in 1998-killed more than 600 people. Envi
18、ronmental Destruction Rising global temperatures and melting of glaciers will directly impact ocean and coast al habitats. Ecosystems will, be destroyed and species will die off, as sea levels rise, sea sons shift, and glaciers and polar ice caps melt. Polar bears are threatened with starvation as m
19、elting sea ice keeps them from their food. Catastrophic Weather Warmer temperatures will speed evaporation, leading to drought in some places and heavy downpours and flooding in others. Extreme weather events as well as El Ninno events may become more intense and more frequent. In 1999, the U. S. ex
20、perienced one of the most extreme droughts ever recorded, and Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware faced their driest growing seasons on record. That same year, the Pacific North west experienced its second wettest year on record. Nevada, California and Iowa all experienced deadly floods.
21、 Recent years have seen record hurricanes, including the most destructive ever. Clean Energy Agenda A rapid transition to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources will combat global warming, protect human health, create new jobs, protect habitat and wildlife, and ensure a secure, affordable en
22、ergy future. In contrast, our reliance on coal, oil and nuclear power imperils the worlds climate, fouls the environment, harms human health, and results in the proliferation of nuclear materials. We can meet our energy needs without threatening our childrens future using commonsense ways to mobiliz
23、e American ingenuity and re sources for a rapid transition to renewable energy sources. It will eliminate energy waste, phase out fossil fuels and nuclear power, and help the United States lead the world into a sustainable energy future, Clean Power In the next decade, increase fourfold the amount o
24、f energy obtained from non-hydro renewable sources such as the sun and wind. By 2020, produce at least one-third of the nations energy from renewable sources, and double the efficiency of energy use in homes, buildings, transportation and industry. Clean Air Clean up our power plants by setting prog
25、ressively tighter limits on all power plant pollution-including carbon dioxide, the major cause of global warming. Close the loophole that allows old coal-fired power plants to pollute much more than newer plants. Clean Cars Hold sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks and minivans to the same air pol
26、lution standards as cars. Improve the fuel efficiency of new cars and light trucks to a combined average of 45 miles per gallon (MPG) by 2010 and at least 65 MPG by 2020. Offer incentives that build strong markets for renewable fuels and for clean vehicles powered by hybrid motors and fuel cells. Cl
27、ean Investments Quadruple federal investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency within five years, and continue this momentum over the long term Stop spending taxpayer dollars to subsidize the coal, oil and nuclear industries. Provide adequate resources and job training for affected workers
28、and communities to ensure a just transition to a sustainable energy economy. 2 The passage gives an overview of the effects of global warming on the United States. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Slightly less than a third of CO2 emissions in the United States are caused by deforestation. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
29、 NG 4 The United States is the worlds No. 1 emitter of greenhouse gases. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 If American cars were slightly more efficient, the United States would not be dependent on foreign oil. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Global Climate Coalit
30、ion have similar aims. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Global warming endangers animals by damaging or destroying their habitats. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Changing to a sustainable energy economy means that some workers in conventional energy industries will lose their jobs. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 _ are the
31、 largest source of greenhouse pollutants in the United States. 10 Higher temperatures in the United States have encouraged disease-carrying organisms which spread _ such as malaria. 11 Rainfall patterns in the United States have been unusual in recent years, with some states experiencing drought whi
32、lst others experience _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questio
33、n there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man is on his way to a gas station nearby. （ B） The man is driving and he has used up his gas. （ C） The man has lost his way because there is no gas station n
34、earby. （ D） The man is waiting for another driver who will take him to a gas station nearby. （ A） Two hours. （ B） Three hours. （ C） Four hours. （ D） Five hours. （ A） He will drive his grandmother to the airport. （ B） He will meet his grandmother at the airport. （ C） He will send his grandmother to a
35、 wedding party. （ D） He will take his grandmother to the hospital. （ A） The man should pay for the dinner. （ B） The woman is going to treat the man. （ C） They should go Dutch. （ D） The man should be more generous. （ A） The woman should have watched the volleyball match. （ B） He didnt watch the volle
36、yball match either. （ C） He wasnt pleased with the result of the volleyball match. （ D） He wasnt able to anticipate the result of the volleyball match. （ A） He is having a biology class. （ B） He is having a literature class. （ C） He is listening to a speech on history. （ D） He is listening to a spee
37、ch on the life of a famous actress. （ A） He was good at driving. （ B） He could drive very fast. （ C） He was able to avoid a traffic accident. （ D） He managed to take the shortest route. （ A） The woman shouldnt have complained. （ B） The woman shouldnt have been so rude. （ C） The woman should have don
38、e more housework. （ D） The woman should have a rest together with him. （ A） Giving a lecture. （ B） Discussing political science. （ C） Working on a science problem. （ D） Reading twentieth-century literature. （ A） Telling jokes. （ B） Falling asleep during class. （ C） Staying late after class. （ D） Eat
39、ing in the cafeteria. （ A） They complete all their assignments. （ B） They study hard for his tests. （ C） They compete for the best seats in the class. （ D） They read all his books. （ A） Memories of a recent storm. （ B） How strong winds develop into a hurricane. （ C） Weather patterns that can affect
40、Florida. （ D） Planning a summer vacation. （ A） Late summer is sunny season. （ B） Late summer is hurricane season. （ C） Late summer is rainy season. （ D） Late summer is cloudy season. （ A） Wind speed. （ B） Rainfall. （ C） Water temperature. （ D） Direction of approach. （ A） By name. （ B） By number. （ C
41、） By location. （ D） By month. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
42、 marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To build their tombs. （ B） To help them to find life after death. （ C） To remind the world of them permanently. （ D） To reach the sky. （ A） It is the largest of all the pyramids. （ B） It is older than other pyramids. （ C） It took the Egyptian 20 years to finish it. （ D） I
43、t is about 144 meters high. （ A） One can reach the top of the pyramids in Mexico by means of a wide stairway. （ B） There are burial rooms inside the pyramids of Mexico. （ C） There are burial rooms outside the pyramids of Mexico. （ D） People of Mexico built a temple at the foot of the pyramids. （ A）
44、In the mid-1980s. （ B） In the mid-1960s. （ C） In the mid-1970s. （ D） In the mid-1990s. （ A） Tower. （ B） Touch. （ C） Torch. （ D） Tough. （ A） How the Spice Girls became successful. （ B） How the Spice Girls renamed the group. （ C） How the manager found the Spice Girls. （ D） Why the Spice Girls could st
45、and the test of time. （ A） Who the early settlers were. （ B） When the first Arbor Day began. （ C） How the first Arbor Day came into being. （ D） Who was J. Sterling Morton. （ A） the southern parts of the present U.S.A （ B） the eastern parts of the present U.S.A （ C） the western parts of the present U
46、.S.A （ D） the northern parts of the present U.S.A （ A） A politician. （ B） A newspaperman. （ C） A farmer. （ D） An architect. （ A） 1872. （ B） 1,872,000. （ C） 10,000,000. （ D） 1,000,000. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first t
47、ime, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For thes
48、e blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land
49、must be【 B1】 _and the good land worked【 B2】 _. Thus each person produces less and this means a【 B3】_average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more【 B4】 _for specialization and the development of【 B5】 _such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to【 B6】 _them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a【 B7】 _birth control program lies in the fact that o
