1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 860及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Measures to Relieve Traffic Jam in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. You should write at least 120 wor
2、ds. 1 Although it is convenient and enjoyable to own a car, people have to suffer troubles caused by traffic jam_. 2 Considering causes of the problem, measures could be taken by the local government in the following aspects_. 3 With a sound transportation system_, 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (
3、Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement
4、contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Should Sugar Be Regulated like Alcohol and Tobacco? Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team o
5、f researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). In an opinion piece called “The Toxic (毒性的 ) Truth About Sugar“published Feb. 1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that its wrong to consider sugar just “ empty calories. “ They write: “ There is not
6、hing empty about these calories. A growing body of scientific evidence is showing that fructose (果糖 ) can trigger processes that lead to liver toxicity and a host of other chronic diseases. A little is not a problem, but a lot killsslowly. “ Almost everyones heard ofor personally experiencedthe well
7、-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldnt come as a surprise. But its doubtful that Americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice. Were a nation thats sweet on sugar: the average US adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, accordin
8、g to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons. To counter our consumption, the authors advocate taxing sugary foods and controlling sales to kids under 17. Already, 17% of US children and teens are obese (肥胖的 ), and across the world the sugar intake (摄入
9、) has increased three times in the past 50 years. The increase has helped create a global obesity plague that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Linda Matzigkeit, a senior vice president at Childrens Healthcare,
10、 said “ We have to do something about this or our country is in danger. Its not good if your state has the second-highest obesity rate. Obese children turn into obese adults. “ “ There are good calories and bad calories, just as there are good fats and bad fats, good amino acids (氨基酸 ) and bad amino
11、 acids,“ Lustig, director of the Weight Assessment for Teen and Child Health program at UCSF, said in a statement. “But sugar is toxic beyond its calories. “ The food industry tries to imply that “ a calorie is a calorie,“ says Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity
12、at Yale University. “ But this and other research suggests there is something different about sugar,“ says Brownell. The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢的 ) effects of sugar. Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liveroutco
13、mes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol. Schmidt, co-chair of UCSFs Community Engagement and Health Policy program, noted on CNN: “ When you think about it, this actually makes a lot of sense. Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar. Where
14、does vodka come from? Sugar. “ But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids. Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain
15、as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin. No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, “ it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it. “ Theres also something particu
16、larly tricky about sugary drinks. “ When calories come in liquids, the body doesnt feel as full,“ says Brownell. “ People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks. “ Other countries, including France, Greece and Denmark, impose soda taxes, and the concept is being cons
17、idered in at least 20 US cities and states. Last summer, Philadelphia came close to passing a 2-cents-per-ounce soda tax. The Rudd Center has been a strong advocate of a more modest 1 -cent-per-ounce tax. But at least one study, from 2010, has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significan
18、t weight loss: apparently people who are determined to eatand drinkunhealthily will find ways to do it. Teensno surpriseare good at finding ways to get the things they cant have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit jui
19、ces havent had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per daythats nearly 15% of his daily caloriesin sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need. Ultimately, regulating sugar will
20、 prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love. A plate of cut-up vegetables just doesnt pack the same emotional punch as a tin of home-made chocolate chip cookies (饼干 ) , which is why I took my daughter out for a cupcake and not an apple as an
21、after-school treat today. We dont do that regularlyits the first time this school year, actuallyand thats what made it special. As a society, could we ever reach the point where wed think applesnot a cupcakeare something to get excited over? Says Brindis, one of the reports authors and director of U
22、CSFs Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: “ We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar. Changing these patterns is very complicated. “ For inroads (进展 ) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sug
23、ar and agree that somethings got to change: Many of the interventions (干预 ) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machines (自动售货机 ) a
24、nd snack-bars that sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces. “ Were not talking prohibition,“ Schmidt said. “ Were not advocating a major imposition of the government into peoples lives. Were talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving peopl
25、e away from the concentrated dose. What we want is to actually increase peoples choices by making foods that arent loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get. “ 2 Why do some researchers think sugar should be considered “a controlled substance“ ? （ A） It contains nothing but empty cal
26、ories. （ B） It is as harmful as morphine and heroin. （ C） It works the same way as alcohol and tobacco in the human body. （ D） Excessive intake of sugar results in liver toxicity and various diseases, 3 What might be Americans attitude towards government regulation of sugar consumption? （ A） Ehusias
27、tic. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Disapproving. （ D） Supportive. 4 What is a consequence of excessive sugar intake worldwide? （ A） It contributes to 35 million noninfectious disease-related deaths a year. （ B） It has increased the death toll nearly three times in the past 50 years. （ C） It contributes to
28、the rise of prices of sugar and sugary foods. （ D） It has increased the global obesity rate to some 17 percent. 5 The food industry tries to relieve the public worry about sugar intake by suggesting that_. （ A） sugar is no more than a source of energy （ B） sugar is not harmful like alcohol or tobacc
29、o （ C） the hazard of sugar to the body is exaggerated （ D） the consumption of sugar is easily controllable 6 According to Brownell, liquid sugar_. （ A） is especially attractive to young children （ B） is much easier and quicker to absorb than solid sugar （ C） effectively stimulates peoples appetite （
30、 D） increases your calorie intake without your knowing it 7 What does the author think of the practice of imposing sugar taxes? （ A） It will harm the food and drink industry. （ B） It is unlikely to yield the intended effect. （ C） It is likely to alter peoples eating habits. （ D） It can steer kids aw
31、ay from sugary foods. 8 Regulating sugar will prove tricky because_. （ A） people consume sugar in large quantities （ B） nothing has been found to replace sugar （ C） sugar may convey a sense of love （ D） many foods will become tasteless 9 In order to reduce sugar consumption, education should be cond
32、ucted to raise peoples awareness of its_. 10 To address the sugar problem, the author suggests that the licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars selling high sugar products be_. 11 A gentle way to steer people away from sugar is to make inexpensive, low-sugar foods_. Section A Direc
33、tions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the paus
34、e, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She thinks its too far from home. （ B） She likes the new working environment. （ C） She doesn t like the company she works for. （ D） She wants to save on traveling time. （ A） Turn up the volume. （ B） Sto
35、p talking so much. （ C） Play the music more softly. （ D） Play different music. （ A） It is appropriate. （ B） It is too informal. （ C） It is normal. （ D） It is too formal. （ A） That Roses new husband is a writer. （ B） That the man shouldnt believe everything he read. （ C） That appearances are often de
36、ceiving. （ D） That she likes Roses husbands new book. （ A） She saw an ad in the newspaper. （ B） She learned about it from a friend. （ C） She heard about it during a television interview. （ D） She saw it on a list of job openings. （ A） 35 （ B） 36 （ C） 34 （ D） 40 （ A） Watching television. （ B） Listeni
37、ng to the radio. （ C） Reading a newspaper. （ D） Reading a magazine. （ A） She had an accident. （ B） She wants to go to a foreign country to learn the language. （ C） Andrew is a native English speaker. （ D） Andrew speaks English quite well. （ A） Because he led his teams to many championships. （ B） Bec
38、ause he set as many as 65 different records. （ C） Because he still played the game after he retired. （ D） Because he didnt stop playing even when he was seriously injured. （ A） In a tube in New York. （ B） On a train to New York. （ C） In a car in Florida. （ D） On a train to Florida. （ A） Neighbours.
39、（ B） Acquaintances. （ C） Colleagues. （ D） Fellow passengers. （ A） He is afraid of being alone in New York. （ B） He retired because he wanted to see his grandchildren. （ C） He doesnt want to live alone in Florida. （ D） He wants to make friends after retirement. （ A） The woman has a family of three gr
40、andchildren in New York. （ B） The woman enjoys going to the theatre with her friends. （ C） The man has several close friends in Florida. （ D） The man will live in New York for a short period of time. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, y
41、ou will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Advertisements are based on facts. （ B） Doctors like to act in advertisements. （ C） False statements a
42、re easy to see through. （ D） Half-truths are often used to mislead people. （ A） The largest consumer with severe tobacco-related diseases. （ B） The largest consumer and the largest producer. （ C） The largest producer with severe tobacco-related diseases. （ D） The largest producer with high death rat
43、e of tobacco-related diseases. （ A） 60% of Chinese men. （ B） 60% of 350 million. （ C） 97% of Chinese men. （ D） 97% of 350 million. （ A） Yonng men and children. （ B） Young female and children. （ C） Young men and young female. （ D） Young female and their children. （ A） Very few were produced. （ B） Mos
44、t were kept only a short time. （ C） Most were pointed on delicate paper. （ D） Many have been acquired by collectors. （ A） The excitement of hunting. （ B） The beauty of nature. （ C） The relaxation of fishing. （ D） The protection of endangered species. （ A） To let many people see their works. （ B） To
45、earn money from the sale of calendars. （ C） To portray the cruelty of hunting. （ D） To create gifts for people who bought them. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. W
46、hen the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have ju
47、st heard or write down the 31 Agricultural experts have launched a land and water management project in the Middle East. The project seeks to increase food【 B1】 _in dry areas. Researchers say the water availability in some of the areas has dropped well below the【 B2】 _recognized standard. Egypt, Ira
48、q, Jordan, Lebanon, the West Bank, Syria and Yemen are all taking part in the project. It is part of a larger ten-year【 B3】 _called the Water and Livelihoods Initiative. The project is also expected to increase【 B4】 _income for farmers in the areas. The United States Agency for International Develop
49、ment【 B5】 _one million dollars for the Waterand Livelihoods Initiative. Scott Christianson is an【 B6】 _development advisor with U.S.A.I.D. He says the countries taking part in the project were all carefully【 B7】 _. Research by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas and its partners has already【 B8】 _to be successful. New irrigation methods are expected【 B9】_. Experts say the new methods【
