1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 875及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Grammar or Communication. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1英语教学中出现了重交际轻语法的现象 2 这一现象发生的原因及其后果 3我的看法 Grammar or Communication 二、 Part I
2、I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (
3、for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Environment and Health Issues We are living in a hostile world: depletion of ozone (臭氧 ) layer, global warming, air pollution, worldwide transmission of AID
4、S The fact that these environmental and health issues do not respect national boundaries implies that solutions to these problems only be global in scope. Concern about the state of the worlds environment has grown domestically and internationally in the 1990s. The growth of Greenpeace as a movement
5、, the limited success of Green parties in Europe, and legislation to halt the destruction of the environment in most developed democracies are concrete indications of the importance of this policy field. The essential problem for the environment, and many other international issues such as health pr
6、otection, comes from the fact that it is a collective good. That such goods need to be preserved is often explained by what is called the “tragedy of the commons“. In villages and towns where there are “common lands“, they are invariably overgrazed (过度放牧 ) by individuals who choose to keep their own
7、 lands under-utilized while they use the common land extensively. In other words, short-term individual, company, or state interests tend to prevail over common concerns and issues. Collective goods are not considered as important as the selfish interests of states, corporations, and individuals. In
8、 the same manner oceans are over fished and parklands destroyed. The advance of scientific knowledge and technology has brought immeasurable good and bad consequences for humankind. It has been responsible for improvements in health, nourishment, and physical labor, but its side effects are often da
9、ngerous. Environmentalists have pointed out many ways that humans are destroying the planet. They have shown that state borders do not count for very much with regard to environmental issues. Policy must, therefore, be developed at a level above the stale-in other words, internationally. Here are so
10、me examples of environmental issues that call for global action: Ozone The release of harmful man-made gases is destroying the ozone layer that protects the earth from ultraviolet rays (紫外线 ). In the mid-1980s scientists discovered that this thin layer of ozone encircling the stratosphere was being
11、destroyed by the emission of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) (含氯氟烃 ) gases and bromine from halons (哈龙 ) into the atmosphere. As the ozone layer is destroyed, it allows more ultraviolet light to reach the earth causing increased incidents of skin cancer, endangering marine life and possibly affecting the c
12、limate. In response the developed democracies signed and later amended a Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, which freezes and eventually begins to decrease the use of CFCs and halon production. Global Warming Global warming is taking place at an alarming speed. This so-cal
13、led “greenhouse“ effect is caused by the release of pollutants-CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone-into the atmosphere and by the destruction of the rain forests. The destruction of forests reduces the earths natural ability to extract carbon dioxide from the air. In other words, industrializati
14、on is causing the earths climatic conditions to change. The so-called First World countries contain only 25% of the worlds population yet consume 75% of its energy, 85% of its forest products, and are responsible for 75% of global warming. Country participants at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Jane
15、iro drafted conventions of climate change, biological diversity, and forests. Although governments were satisfied with the enunciated (确切表明的 ) goals, environmentalists criticized the protocols because they contained no targets or timetables. Renewable Resources The earths vegetation (植被 ), too, is d
16、eteriorating. Forests are being destroyed and plant and animal species are becoming extinct. This waste of renewable resources is the subject of much controversy and is covered by a large variety of international treaties and protocols. Possibly the most important concept in this field is sustainabl
17、e development. In 1987, the authors of Our Common Future, published by the UN Commission on Environment and Development, called for a commitment to the idea of sustainable development. It asked states and individuals to understand that the environment must be protected at the same time as economic g
18、rowth takes place. The sustainable development concept calls for both values to be considered in tandem (合作地 ), not in opposition. Our Common Future stressed the need of the worlds poor and the necessity for limits to be imposed on technology and social organization. Nuclear Issues The breakdown of
19、nuclear plants may create deadly radioactivity as happened in the Chernobyl disaster in USSR. As well, states continue to prepare for the non-peaceful use of nuclear energy. Nuclear testing continues. In 1995-1996 France again tested underground nuclear explosions in the South Pacific. Greenpeace sh
20、ips tried to sail in the waters but were prevented by French military personnel. Rioting in Papeete, the capital of Tahiti, did not halt the tests, but world pressure finally caused French President Jacques Chirac to cancel the tests as of January 1996 after six explosions. Biology Biological resear
21、ch may lead to major international issues. One example is gene splicing (recombinant DNA), which could lead to the inadvertent development of new violent microbes. Questions about global health include such topics as poverty, food production, housing, and disease. However, one disease, acquired immu
22、ne-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become so widespread and dangerous that it belongs alongside environmental and population issues as being of world concern. As of 1992, 12 million adults and over 1 million children have been infected with human immune-deficiency virus (HIV), which is widely believe
23、d to be the cause of AIDS. And more than one out of four who had HIV has contracted the deadly disease. The AIDS epidemic is now widespread throughout the world. In all cases HIV damages ceils involved in the immune system, which then makes the body vulnerable to infections. AIDS is transmitted from
24、 person to person by an exchange of bodily fluids through sexual contact, blood transfusions, shared IV needles, and open sores. The highest rates of AIDS are found among homosexuals and even heterosexuals (异性恋者 ) who do not practice safer sex (i.e., use condoms) and drag abusers. These are only som
25、e of the international issues concerning the environment and health issue only governments can solve. But the issues are complex and values about them are often conflicting. Should one push up the cost of industrial production in order to eliminate toxic wastes? Should we preserve the Amazon rain fo
26、rest if it means a reduction of employment for poverty stricken Brazilians ? What role should international organizations play in protecting the environment? 2 This passage mainly concerns environmental problems including ozone, garbage disposal, global warming, renewable resources, and nuclear issu
27、es. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Individuals always overgrazed “the common land“ because their own lands are not fertile enough. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Environmentalists have worked enthusiastically to urge governments from different nations to cooperate in protecting the earth. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5
28、Global warming is mainly caused by the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Rain forests play a vital role in helping the earth extract carbon dioxide from the air. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Chernobyl disaster in USSR is an example of non-peaceful use of nuclear energy. （
29、 A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 We can infer from the passage that economic development is the root cause of environmental problems. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Those highly developed countries that contain 25% of the worlds population consume 85% of its_. 10 When it comes to renewable resources, the most import
30、ant topic is probably_. 11 Of those who have been infected with HIV, more than_ has contracted AIDS. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the
31、 conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They still have time to prepare for it. （ B） They will be fortunate enough to pass it.
32、 （ C） It will be more difficult than they expect. （ D） It will take at least three weeks to finish it. （ A） The floor is dirty with dust from shoes. （ B） The floor is covered with cigarette ash. （ C） The floor is covered with books, （ D） The floor is a mess with clothes. （ A） Its a harmful to health
33、. （ B） Its a waste of money. （ C） Its bad for woman. （ D） Its not easy to quit. （ A） Its just as important as other jobs. （ B） Its no less important than other jobs. （ C） Its even more important than other jobs. （ D） Its not important at all. （ A） He is indifferent. （ B） He is doubtful. （ C） He is d
34、isgusted. （ D） He is alarmed. （ A） They shine brightly. （ B） They are extremely strong. （ C） They can store and release heat. （ D） They can absorb water. （ A） The weight. （ B） The chemical composition. （ C） The color. （ D） The shape. （ A） Two years later. （ B） Ten years later. （ C） Twenty years late
35、r. （ D） One hundred years later. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choi
36、ces marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Keep dairy cows. （ B） Keep cattle and sheep. （ C） Grow wheat and barley. （ D） Grow vegetables. （ A） Flowers. （ B） Trees. （ C） Cows and sheep （ D） Wheat, barely and vegetables. （ A） Farming without using chemicals. （ B） Farming using machines. （ C） Farming using chemica
37、ls. （ D） Keeping cows and sheep. （ A） A drink. （ B） A small meal. （ C） A type of cake. （ D） A type of sandwich. （ A） Cucumber sandwiches. （ B） Sandwiches are not eaten during afternoon tea. （ C） T cuna sandwiches. （ D） Cheese sandwiches. （ A） late at night. （ B） In the early morning. （ C） at lunchti
38、me. （ D） in the early evening. （ A） To report on the findings of a study. （ B） To give information about family problems. （ C） To show the relationship between parents and children. （ D） To teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner table. （ A） Because they are busy serving food to their childre
39、n. （ B） Because they are busy keeping order at the dinner table. （ C） Because they have to pay more attention to younger children. （ D） Because they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family. （ A） TV is important to have the right food for children. （ B） It is a good idea to have the T
40、V on during dinner. （ C） Parents should talk to each of their children frequently. （ D） Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner. （ A） Parents should pay more attention to middle children. （ B） Middle children in the family is usually wiser. （ C） Parents should turn the TV off during th
41、e dinner time. （ D） The parents with small families talk less actively with their children. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the seco
42、nd time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 30 Few Am
43、ericans remain in one position or one place for a lifetime. We move from town or city to 【 B1】 _ ,from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we 【 B2】 _ our children to the home where we plan to live in 【 B3】 _. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become
44、 part of our life at that time. Today millions of Americans 【 B4】 _ abroad, not only to see new sights but also to make friends. No one really expects a holiday trip to produce a close friend. But surely the beginning of a friendship is possible, isnt it? The answer is of course 【 B5】 _. The difficu
45、lty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of 【 B6】 _ of friendship, but of different expectations a- bout what 【 B7】_ friendship and how it comes into being. In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other more
46、【 B8】 _ relations, and is differently related to family life. 【 B9】_. But as we use the word, “friend“ can be applied to a wide range of relationships【 B10】 _ to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant. There are real differences among these relations for Americansa friendship may be superficial, cas
47、ual, situational or deep and enduring. 【 B11】 _. 30 【 B1】 31 【 B2】 32 【 B3】 33 【 B4】 34 【 B5】 35 【 B6】 36 【 B7】 37 【 B8】 38 【 B9】 39 【 B10】 40 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices g
48、iven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more tha
49、n once. 40 If you ever get a mouthful of ocean water, youll find its very salty. How did it get this way? Rivers are the oceans saltshakers. Almost every river in the world finally【 S1】_its waters into an ocean. While the river is running【 S2】 _the sea, it loosens some of the land and carries it along. The land is made up of rocks and soil, which【 S3】 _minerals. One of these minerals is salt. You cant taste the【 S4】 _i
