1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 881及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My Hope for What China Will be like in 2050. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: My Hope for What China Will be like i
2、n 2050 1. 对中国 2050年时总的看法 ; 2. 2050年的变化体现在哪些方面 ; 3. 这些变化带来的社会价值。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YE
3、S) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw
4、your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about th
5、at waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This is almost twice
6、 as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled(回收利用 )or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annual
7、ly, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled( glass, paper products, plastic, metals)or composted(做成堆肥 )(yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. Th
8、is trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries( United King
9、dom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan)in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill? There are two ways to bury trash: Dump - an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals(
10、rats, mice, birds).(This is most people s idea of a landfill! ) Landfill - carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment(groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soi
11、l. Sanitary landfill - landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment Municipal solid waste(MSW)landfill - landfill that uses a synthetic(plastic)liner to isolate the trash from the environment The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be is
12、olated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂 )much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a landfill to b
13、e built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care of trash and b
14、uilding landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environment impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine: the area of land necessary for the landfill the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock the flow of surfa
15、ce water over the site the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, a
16、ccess roads to the landfill site must be built if they do not al ready exist. There roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation(环卫 )services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the r
17、oad surface. What Happens to Trash in a Landfill? Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old land fills have been dug, up or sampled, 40
18、 - year - old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated? A landfill, such as t
19、he North Wake County Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials(aluminum can
20、s, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be re cycled. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tip p
21、ing fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $ 40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $ 4.5 mil lion, and part of that comes from tipping fees. Along the site, there are drop - off stations
22、 for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi - material drop - off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead - acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled. In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop - off station for chemicals( paints, pestic
23、ides, other chemicals)that arc banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants. Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for th
24、e landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane(甲烷 )station. Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more met
25、hane. 2 The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its s
26、olid waste in landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 In the United States the
27、 building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Typical customers of a landfill are _. 10 To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay
28、 a tipping fee of _. 11 Materials that are not permitted to be buried in landfills should be dumped at _ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both
29、 the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The opportunity is too rare to pass over. （ B） He should line up for the program a
30、s others do. （ C） He should concentrate on his studies. （ D） He should consider going together with others. （ A） One of his classes finished early. （ B） His books were ten days overdue. （ C） He wanted to get some studying done. （ D） The library had a special display on the Industrial Revolution. （ A
31、） They are checked out. （ B） They are specially coded. （ C） They are inspected by the guard. （ D） They are marked with colored labels. （ A） Checks all books for missing pages. （ B） Helps students use the card catalog. （ C） Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out. （ D） Copies down the name and
32、 the address of each borrower. （ A） At the Statue of Liberty. （ B） In France. （ C） On a tour boat. （ D） At a school. （ A） Because he wants to build a statue like it. （ B） Because he wants to impress the woman. （ C） Because he wants to visit France someday. （ D） Because he wants to write a paper for
33、his class. （ A） The Statue was taken apart for transportation. （ B） The Statue is taller than he had imagined. （ C） The French had problems funding its construction. （ D） The Statue was transported on a ship to the US. （ A） The base is about the same height as the Statue. （ B） It is much taller than
34、 all other statues in the world. （ C） It took more time to be completed than the base. （ D） It required a lot of time to be put back together. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the que
35、stions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） More than thirty six thousand dollars. （ B） More than fourteen thousand dollars. （ C） Twenty thousand dollars. （ D） Less than seventy-four dollars. （ A） Over 3
36、0 million men. （ B） Over 30 million middle-aged men. （ C） Those energetic Americans. （ D） Americans of both sexes and all ages. （ A） Because of their strong desire for good health. （ B） Because of their love for hobbies and pastimes. （ C） Because of their fear of heart disease. （ D） Because of their
37、 extra energy. （ A） It was rising. （ B） It was lowering. （ C） It remained unchanged. （ D） It was fluctuating. （ A） 6th. （ B） 8th. （ C） 9th. （ D） 25th. （ A） A white horse. （ B） A gray horse. （ C） A gray donkey. （ D） A reindeer. （ A） Hang up stockings. （ B） Find sweets. （ C） Polish shoes. （ D） Go to c
38、hurch. （ A） The individual citizens control. （ B） The individual states control. （ C） The country controls. （ D） Individual cities or village control. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully
39、for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the
40、exact words you have just heard or write down the 27 Throughout history the basic unit of almost every human society has been the family. Members of a family live together under the same roof, and they share the economic【 B1】 _of life as well as its affectionate joys. It is the family that has【 B2】
41、_responsibility for the important task of raising children to adulthood. The family is not a uniform concept in all societies. In many places it is an【 B3】_group that includes uncles, aunts,【 B4】 _and in-laws. The head of the family usually has considerable influence in arranging marriages, selectin
42、g careers and【 B5】 _all the important moves and【 B6】 _by any member of the family.【 B7】 _where the society or the state does not give aid and where【 B8】_the responsibilities of the family are greater,【 B9】 _ In many other societies, including most industrialized ones, the “nuclear family“ is the bas
43、ic social unit.【 B10】 _Industrialization and urbanization create many specialized jobs which tend to scatter family members among different employers and thus to separate residences as soon as they become wage earners.【 B11】 _ 28 【 B1】 29 【 B2】 30 【 B3】 31 【 B4】 32 【 B5】 33 【 B6】 34 【 B7】 35 【 B8】 3
44、6 【 B9】 37 【 B10】 38 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in t
45、he bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 38 W.F. Deedes, a journalist since the 1930s, perhaps summed it up best: “The reputation we have in distant lands,
46、 I have learned in my travels, is higher than we give ourselves. They admire us for our【 S1】 _stability, our parliamentary and diplomatic experience, for fair play, for tolerance, for. a【 S2】 _to help lame dogs, as well as for some of the qualities Shakespeare sang about in his【 S3】 _“ Multicultural
47、ism is【 S4】 _on the belief that all cultures are morally equal. In practice, that soon degenerates to: All cultures all morally【 S5】 _, except ours, which is worse. But all【 S6】 _are not equal in respecting representative government, guaranteed liberties, and the rule of law. And those things arose
48、not simultaneously(同步地 )and in all cultures but in certain specific times and places-mostly in Britain and America and other【 S7】 _of Europe. In America, as in Britain, multiculturalism has become the fashion of society. So the Founding Fathers are presented only as slaveholders. World War II is lim
49、ited to the detention(扣留 )of Japanese-Americans and the bombing of Hiroshima. Slavery is identified with America though it has【 S8】 _in many societies. But most Americans know there is something【 S9】 _about our cultural heritage. While Harvard and Brown are replacing scholars of the founding period with those studying other things, book buyers are snapping up(抢购 )first-rate histories of the founders. Multiculturalist i
