1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 885及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Competition or Cooperation 1竞争和合作是生活中不可缺少的组成部分 2有人倾向于竞争，有人倾向于合作 3我的观点 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions
2、 attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 A Cloud of Stem Cell Th
3、e pressure on stem cell pioneer Woo Suk Hwang over the way he obtained human eggs for his research is intensifying-particularly in South Korea, where he had been a national hero. In the past week, several new claims have emerged that Hwang may have used eggs that were paid for, as well as eggs from
4、junior members of his laboratory. Hwangs team, based at South National University, has produced a string of landmark papers in stem cell research, including the first stem cells obtained from a cloned human embryo(胚胎 )(W. S. Hwang et al. Science 303, 1669-1674; 2004) and the first patient-matched em
5、bryonic stem cells(W. S. Hwang et al. Science 308, 1777-1783; 2005). For South Korean scientist, cloning pioneer and Snuppy creator, Woo Suk Hwang, things keep going from bad to worse. Last month, he had to admit that as part of the groundbreaking stem cell research he published in 2004, one of his
6、colleagues had paid some women for their egg donations, and that two of the unpaid donors were Hwangs own junior researchers. Amid the moral controversy that followed, Hwang was in hospital for extreme fatigue and exhaustion. He was released earlier this week, only to find one of his former research
7、ers on a national news broadcast claiming that the history-making stem cell lines Hwang created were fake. The news broadcast was part of a multi-part investigative series by Koreas MBC-TV. Also in the broadcast, the researcher said that Hwang had told him to make up data in order to make it appear
8、as if the South Koreans had created more stem cells, made from patients with diseases, than they actually had. “This is something I shouldnt have done,“ said the researcher, whose face was not shown on camera and was only identified by his last name, Kim. “I had no choice but to do it.“ In a separat
9、e interview, Roh Sung Li, the doctor who had provided donated eggs to Hwangs research, said that Hwang had asked Science, the journal that published his paper on patient-specific stem cells, to withdraw the publication. A spokesperson at the journal said that they had not yet received a request to t
10、ake back, but have e-mailed all 25 co-authors asking for clarification of the allegations(指控 ). Roh told news media that of the 11 stem cell lines created from patients with diseases, nine were fake. Whether the two remaining lines were valid, and photographed repeatedly to stand in for the other li
11、nes, is not clear. Roh also claims that after a visit to Hwang on Thursday, he believes there were no stem cells at all, and that all of the colonies had died in the lab. “I heard some things that I havent been aware of when I visited Professor Hwang at his request, that there are no embryonic stem
12、cells,“ he told MBC. These latest claim comes just 24 hours after a former Hwang cooperator, Dr. Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh, charged Hwang with fabricating his data. Back in June, the two men had co-authored a paper published in Science that detailed how individual stem cell lin
13、es were created for 11 patients through cloning. When Hwangs immoral deeds were uncovered last month, Schatten was already publicly distancing himself from his onetime colleague. But on Tuesday, Schatten, took the next step and asked that his name be removed from the work. His reasons? “Careful re-e
14、valuations of published figures and tables,“ he said in his letter, “along with new problematic information, now cast substantial doubts about the papers accuracy.“ Hwang has still not responded to these new accusations(指控 ), and Schatten has declined to comment further. Hwangs academic affair is th
15、e latest plot twist in a drama thats playing out in the Korean press. Several days after Schattens initial break with Hwang, Seouls news outlets cited a Korean government official and other sources in both Korea and the U.S., claiming that Schatten had met with Hwang in October and asked for 50% of
16、the patent(专利权 ) on the patient-specific stem cell cloning technique. Schatten also reportedly asked to be named chairman of the board of the newly created World Stem Cell Hub, a research center funded jointly by the South Korean government and private interests. The South Koreans reportedly denied
17、his requests. Despite all the negative publicity, Hwangs popularity didnt seem to be suffering too much. At home, he is enjoying emotional swells of support from thousands of women who have lined up outside his lab doors pledging their willingness to donate eggs to his research. Still, Hwang has a l
18、ot of explaining to do. He is already being investigated by his own university. And earlier this week, eight stem cell scientists, led by Dolly cloner lan Wilmut, submitted a letter to Science, noting that “accusations made in the press about the validity(合法性 ) of the experiments published in South
19、Korea are, in our opinion, best resolved within the scientific community.we encourage Hwangs laboratory to cooperate with us to perform an independent test of his cell lines.“ At stake, say the scientists, is the new field of stem cell science, which holds the potential of introducing new ways to tr
20、eat disease. Until the testing completed, it seems the rumors and the accusations will only continue to deepen. Hopefully, once Hwang is back in the lab, the questions around in the press about his work will be answered. Unfortunately, that may take a while. Hwang is back in the hospital, this time
21、in the mental ward. The effects of the claims on the stem cell field and on Hwangs research are unclear. On 15 November, after the news of Schattens separation, the Korean government laid out plans to invest 11.5 billion won in the World Stem Cell Hub led by Hwang. But it also proposed to separate t
22、he center from Seoul National University and make it an independent body. Many potential overseas cooperators have said their plans are on hold until the claims are resolved. How these events will affect Hwangs teams ability to publish is another open topic. “Its pretty clear that the editor of any
23、journal would be on heightened alert if they received a piece of work from them, and would probably examine it very carefully for the ethics of the work at the very least,“ says Gregory Curfman, executive editor of The New England Journal of Medicine. 2 The passage depicts the difficulty of stem cel
24、l research in South Korea. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Hwangs team has published some milestone papers in stem cell research. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Faced with all kinds of accusation Hwang insisted that the eggs were from donations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Doctor Roh claimed that most of the stem cell
25、 lines created from patients with diseases were fake. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Despite Hwang didnt react to his new accusation Schatten would still keep explaining his claim. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Lots of Koreans including Korean government believe that Hwang has created genuine stem cells. （ A） Y
26、（ B） N （ C） NG 8 The support from Korean women shows that Hwang is still respectable in his country. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Scientists led by Dolly cloner lan Wilmnt advised that Hwangs data should be investigated inside the_. 10 The rumors about Hwangs research will not stop except when _. 11 Due
27、to the impact of Hwangs academic event editors of journals would pay much more attention to the_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the co
28、nversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） It wont be any different from the others. （ B） It will be unusually mild. （ C） It wont af
29、fect the hunters. （ D） It will probably be cold. （ A） Blame the man for his carelessness. （ B） Lend the man her pencil and paper. （ C） Ask someone else to help the man. （ D） Give the man her notes. （ A） She thinks a hairdryer is suitable. （ B） She wants to know whats making all the noise. （ C） She i
30、snt sure how practical the mans gift is. （ D） She cant hear anything when the hairdryer is on. （ A） It is in the center of the campus. （ B） It should have a map of the city. （ C） It has information about summer camps. （ D） It probably has a campus map. （ A） Grocer. （ B） Taxicab driver. （ C） Carpente
31、r. （ D） Shoe maker. （ A） He usually talks quietly. （ B） He usually assigns homework. （ C） He didnt come to class today. （ D） He came to class late today. （ A） She built a model a week ago. （ B） She completed her model quickly. （ C） She helped him on Thursday. （ D） She thought she could reduce the si
32、ze. （ A） There are many good oranges in the supermarket. （ B） The man has bought the best oranges. （ C） She isnt satisfied with the oranges. （ D） She has never seen such expensive oranges. （ A） They can raise ones blood pressure. （ B） They are not acceptable to most people. （ C） They can cause heart
33、 attack. （ D） They can damage arm muscles. （ A） By talking to an expert. （ B） By attending an exercise class. （ C） By reading an article. （ D） By listening to the radio. （ A） Exercising the entire body. （ B） Losing weight prior to exercise. （ C） Having your blood pressure taken. （ D） Breathing deepl
34、y before each exercise. （ A） A pre-test is required. （ B） A data-processing course is required. （ C） A day course is required. （ D） A college diploma is required. （ A） It takes three months. （ B） It costs 300 dollars, excluding the computer time. （ C） There is no evening course available. （ D） It wi
35、ll end after the Christmas. （ A） His application letter. （ B） His checkbook. （ C） His ID card. （ D） His computer books. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken o
36、nly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Differences and similarities between two cultures. （ B） American culture. （ C） Japanese culture. （ D） The integration of two cultures. （ A） Ancient. （ B） Complexity. （ C） Individuali
37、stic. （ D） Homogeneous population. （ A） Their comprehensiveness. （ B） Their complexity. （ C） Their abstruseness. （ D） Their openness. （ A） Supporting the soil. （ B） Providing shade for animals. （ C） Loosening soil structure. （ D） Protecting the soil from wind and rain damage. （ A） How to communicate
38、 effectively. （ B） Why successful communication are important. （ C） What communication is. （ D） How to avoid direct communication. （ A） Language. （ B） Culture. （ C） Misinterpretation. （ D） Disagreement. （ A） One can not compete effectively in workplace. （ B） One might be fired. （ C） One might be dep
39、ressed. （ D） One might have to learn other skills. （ A） How to develop a new airplane technology. （ B） Features and possible usages of a special engine. （ C） How to do experiment with dangerous engines. （ D） How to do experiment with unmanned airplanes. Section C Directions: In this section, you wil
40、l hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from
41、44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 33 The fast immigrants who came to New England in the 1600s left their own countries for religious masons. They had religious beliefs different fro
42、m the 【 B1】_ beliefs of their country, and they wanted to live in a place where they could be free to have their own beliefs. When tiffs new country 【 B2】 _ its independence from Britain in 1776, the 【 B3】 _ of church and state was one of the basic laws for the United States. This 【 B4】 _ of an offi
43、cial national religion and the resultant freedom to believe in whatever one wants has 【 B5】 _ many new immigrants. In the United States, there are examples of every kind of world religion-Buddhist, Islamic, Bahai, to name only a few. But most of the people in the United States fall into one of two 【
44、 B6】 _ -Christian or Jewish. The majority of people in the United States were 【 B7】 _ as Christians. They believe in Christ, or Jesus. They think of Sunday as a holy day and 【 B8】 _ in major groups: Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. A third group, Orthodoxy, is not as common in the United States.
45、 【 B9】 _ . Because the majority of early Americans were Protestant, there has sometimes been discrimination against new immigrants, such as those who were Roman Catholic. Protestants were reluctant to share their traditional power with members of other churches or religions. 【 B10】 _ The second half
46、 of the 20th century has been a decline in the strength of traditional religion in the USA. 【 B11】 _ . 34 【 B1】 35 【 B2】 36 【 B3】 37 【 B4】 38 【 B5】 39 【 B6】 40 【 B7】 41 【 B8】 42 【 B9】 43 【 B10】 44 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to s
47、elect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center.
48、 You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 44 An international committee of doctors says that the number of cases of brain diseases in developing countries is rising. The doctors were reporting the【 S1】_for the Uinted States National Academy of Sciences. They say that brain diseas
49、es【 S2】 _at least 250 million people in the developing world. These diseases include strokes(中风 ), epilepsy(癫痫 )and【 S3】 _sickness such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症 )and depression(抑郁症 ). They also include【 S4】_development of the nervous system, which causes mental slowness and cerebral palsy(脑瘫 ). Doctor Murthy says there are two reasons for this. One is a lack of money. The other is a lack of human【 S5】 _. For example, a
