1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 92及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你是即将参加一英语考试的学生，需要几本相关参考书，请写封信 给一书店销售部，你的信应包括： 1详细说明你想买的那本书的特点 2咨询付款方式 3确定送货时间及方式 二
2、、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pass
3、age; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 The Science that Imitates Natures Mechanisms A European industrialist not long ago became very suspicious about American purposes and intentions in
4、certain areas of scientific research. He learned by chance that the United States was signing contracts with scientists in England, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, Australia, and other countries, calling for research into such matters as the function of the frogs
5、eye and the learning ability of the octopus. It seemed to the industrialist that such studies could not possibly have any practical value. He seriously believed that the United States was employing the foreign scientists to do meaningless work and occupy their time, while American scientists were bu
6、sy in the really important areas of science. He was unaware of the fact that the United States was spending much more money at home than abroad for similar studies. Nature does things better than people Actually, the research he questioned involves a field of science so new that must people have nev
7、er heard of it. Named bionics(仿生学 ) in 1960, this science is the study of living creatures, a study in search of principle applicable to engineering. Nature has operated a vast laboratory for two billion years, and bionics probes the secrets of the marvelous “special-purpose mechanisms that have dev
8、eloped. Take the frogs eye for example. A frog eats only live insects, and its eyes instantly spot a moving fly within reach of its tongue. You can surround a frog with dead(therefore motionless) flies, and it will never know they are there. If we can completely understand the mechanic of the frogs
9、eye, we can develop a “map-reading eye“ for missiles and a “pattern-recognition eye“ for our basic air-defense system called SAGE(semi-automatic ground environment). SAGE is badly overworked. Its international network of radar “EYES“ supplies a tremendous mass of unimportant details about meteorites
10、, clouds, flights of ducks, geese, and friendly planes, and it sometimes gets confused. Until we can build a mechanical frogs eye into SAGE, it will remain somewhat inefficient. Military to civilian uses The frogs eye holds promise in civilian life, too. For example, at most major airports the air-t
11、raffic problem with 20 million flights per year to handle has reached a critical stage. With 40 million flights in prospect for 1975, we must develop better devices for monitoring and controlling air traffic. Special-purpose mechanisms as exciting as the frogs eye can be found throughout nature. The
12、 bat is under study because the bats sonar is much more efficient than man-made sonar. By bouncing supersonic squeaks(吱吱声 )off objects around it, the bat flies about with remarkable skills. A bat can fly through a dark room full of dozens of piano wires and never touch a single wire. The mosquito is
13、 under study because we need to solve the problem of static that lessens the efficiency of our communications systems. A mosquito, simply by vibrating its wings, can set up a hum that will cut through any interfering noise, man or nature can create loud whistles or thunder, for instance and give a m
14、easege to another mosquito 150 feet away. Electrical system Theoretically at least we should be able to copy these mechanisms found in nature, for all biological organisms from mosquito to frog to man are in part actually electrical systems. The sense organs that “connect“ all animals to the outside
15、 world are merely transducers(传感器 ) instruments like a microphone, TV camera, or phonograph pickup arm which convert one form of energy into another. A microphone, for example, converts sound into electrical signals which are carried to a loudspeaker and converted back into sound waves. Similarly, t
16、he nerve cells of a mans ear convert a cry for help into electrical pulses which are sped over his nervous system to the brain. The brain receives the signal, and then sends an answering electrical-pulse message to his legs, where it is converted into muscular energy when he starts running towards t
17、he cry. We have been slow to profit from this close analogy between a biological organism and an electronic system. It was only in the early 1950s that we consciously began to unite biologists with physicists, chemists, electronic experts, mathematicians, and engineers in a team to solve the mysteri
18、es of biological machinery. The first formal bionics meeting called by the U.S. Air Force was held in 1960.A year later there were 20,000 biologists at work in research laboratories in the United States, more than double the number employed ten years earlier. Electronic and non-electronic A bionicis
19、t can, of course, copy much in nature without resorting to electronics. For example, an airplane wing that gives unique stability to a small plane was introduced by the Cessna Company in 1960; the wing tips of a seabird served as the model. An artificial gill to extract oxygen from water and throw o
20、ff carbon dioxide like a fishs gill is being studied by the Navy for use on submarines. For the Navy, too, the U.S. Rubber Company is making tests of a robber “skin“ for boats and submarine hulls, modeled on the elastic skin of a dolphin. But the greatest advances in bionics unquestionably will be e
21、lectronic in nature. Already an instruments laboratory has developed an “eye“ that can peer through a microscope and distinguish certain kinds of diseased cells from healthy cells. General Electric Company has an experimental eye, the Visilog that operates on the principle used by the human eye in j
22、udging distance as a solid surface is approached. We humans judge our rate of approach by the changed occurring in the texture of a surface as our eyes get closer and closer to it. This explains why we sometimes fail to see a glass door, but we always stop short of a brick wall. General Electrics ey
23、e calculates the rate of approach to any textured surface and contains a device to slow the approach speed. It is being developed, hopefully, to permit a planned moon-probe rocket to make a soft landing on the moons surface. A small variety of Visilog may also be created for the blind. Ears, nose, a
24、nd brain The owls ears are fascinating to many bionicists, for the owl has unique directional bearing. He can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves. For those engaged in designing sensitive mechanic ears for listening to enemy sonar, owl
25、research may indeed have value. Nor is the nose being ignored. Many male creatures find their way to their mates by following an odor given off by the female. To explore mechanical scent detection, the Armor Research Foundation has developed a synthetic nose which can, it is believed, detect scents
26、in vapors at a ratio of one particle to a million. The Foundation thinks that it can be used in early detection of food spoilage(食品腐坏 ), and to warn industrial and military personnel of the presence of poisonous vapors. Finally, the bionicist is extremely interested in the one general mechanism that
27、 serves the entire animal kingdom the brain. The brain makes all animals unimaginably efficient, like small-size computers. “Actually, though,“ says Dr. Warren S. Moculloch, one of our great computer-scientists, “computers are nothing more than stupid beasts, they havent the reins of an ant. And the
28、y cant do the job that must be done. Hopefully, bionics will eventually improve matters with a computer that imitate the brain. But as long as the tiny brain of a pigeon continues to confuse science, there seems little likelihood of understanding the secrets of the human brain during this century. Y
29、et, even if the bionicist never attains this goal, he will make many discoveries that once seemed impossible to us. Even in our lifetime he may be able to build machines that will be intelligent enough, as one scientist has said, “to give us a chance to concentrate a little more on being wise.“ 2 Th
30、e United States calls for some countries to research the bionics since 1960. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 SAGE needs a mechanical frogs eye to separate the important details from the unimportant ones picked up by its international network of radar “eyes“. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The mosquito is under stu
31、dy because its sonar is much more efficient than man-made sonar. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Transducers are instruments like a microphone, TV camera, radio or phonograph, which convert one form of energy into another. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The first formal bionics meeting was held by the U.S. NAVY in
32、 1962. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The U.S. Rubber Company is making tests of using the elastic skin of a dolphin for beats and submarine hulls. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 General Electrics Visilog is being developed, hopefully, to permit a planned moon-probe rocket to make a soft landing on the moons surf
33、ace. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Bionicists do research on the unique quality of owls sensitive heating and engage in designing _. 10 The Foundation believes that the synthetic nose can be used to detect food spoilage and warn _. 11 Bionics will eventually improve matters with a computer that imitates t
34、he brain. It is quite possible that man will _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only o
35、nce. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） At a clinic. （ B） At a shoe store. （ C） At a film studio. （ D） At a fruit market. （ A） Its going to attract a lot of students. （ B） Its goi
36、ng to be a lot of fun. （ C） Its going to require a lot of reading. （ D） Its going to work out quite well. （ A） The man told Tim to come at six. （ B） The roommate would meet Tim at six. （ C） Tim gave his roommate a message. （ D） The man told the roommate to give Tim the message. （ A） He may change it
37、 into a restaurant. （ B） He may pull it down and build a new restaurant. （ C） He may rent it to a restaurant. （ D） He may sell it to a restaurant. （ A） He is not equal to the job. （ B） He is not well paid for his work. （ C） He doesnt think the job challenging enough. （ D） He cannot keep his mind on
38、his work. （ A） Some people pretend to know what they really dont. （ B） What the woman said is true. （ C） What the woman said is wrong. （ D） He knows more than the woman does. （ A） Its no use explaining the questions to him. （ B） Theres only one point he doesnt understand. （ C） The question wont be o
39、n the exam. （ D） He doesnt want any help. （ A） The man hurried through the exam. （ B） The room is too warm for a sweater. （ C） The man will he late if he doesnt hurry. （ D） The man put his sweater in the wrong way. （ A） Separating different types of garbage. （ B） Disposing of trash properly. （ C） Ha
40、ving a family clean-up party. （ D） Saving water whenever using it. （ A） To protect the forests. （ B） To cut down on waste. （ C） To save money. （ D） To earn pocket money. （ A） To visit a recycling center. （ B） To clean a neighborhood park. （ C） To collect newspapers. （ D） To plant trees. （ A） She exc
41、eeded a school bus. （ B） She parked illegaIly near the school zone. （ C） She exceeded the speed limit. （ D） She ran into a school pupil. （ A） The driver didnt use her turn signals. （ B） The driver didnt come to a complete stop. （ C） The driver failed to yield to other drivers. （ D） The driver didnt
42、horn to the passengers-by. （ A） The license is only valid for 6 more months. （ B） The license is no longer valid. （ C） The driver is using someone elses license. （ D） The driver hid her license in the glove compartment. （ A） The driver gets a ticket. （ B） The officer arrests the driver. （ C） The dri
43、ver is taken to court. （ D） The officer frees the driver. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
44、answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Twenty years. （ B） Five years. （ C） A couple of weeks. （ D） A couple of years. （ A） David had been selling cars. （ B） David had taught business. （ C） David had become a salesman. （ D） David had made a lot of money. （ A） Rich people are not happ
45、y. （ B） Being rich is the best thing in the world. （ C） Being rich is not always a good thing. （ D） Rich people are usually with their families. （ A） In our daily life. （ B） In business and universities. （ C） In government and industry. （ D） Both A and B. （ A） To test students through computers. （ B
46、） To store statistics about students. （ C） To help professors do research work. （ D） To aid students in registration. （ A） By computerized traffic control and personal computers at home. （ B） By computerized cash registers in the stores. （ C） By computerized billing of credit card companies. （ D） Al
47、l of above items mentioned. （ A） More people could be educated than before. （ B） More ways could he used to exchange knowledge. （ C） More jobs could be provided than before. （ D） More books could he printed and distributed. （ A） Around 1400. （ B） Around 1900. （ C） Around 900. （ D） Around 400. （ A） E
48、gypt. （ B） Sweden. （ C） Japan. （ D） China. （ A） More and more paper is being consumed nowadays. （ B） Paper enables people to receive education more easily. （ C） Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records. （ D） The invention of paper is of great significance to man. Section C Direct
49、ions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Welcome t
