1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 959及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to your pen friend in America, introducing one of the Chinese festivals. You should write at least 120 words. 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Direct
2、ions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the p
3、assage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 What is Culture? Culture, in anthropology(人类学 ), the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share. Culture distinguishes one human group from others. It also distinguishes h
4、umans from other animals. A peoples culture includes their beliefs, rules of behavior, language, rituals, art, technology, styles of dress, ways of producing and cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems. Culture is the most important concept in anthropology (the study of all aspect
5、s of human life, past and present). Anthropologists commonly use the term culture to refer to a society or group in which many or all people live and think in the same ways. Likewise, any group of people who share a common cultureand in particular, common rules of behavior and a basic form of social
6、 organizationconstitutes a society. Thus, the terms culture and society are somewhat interchangeable. However, while many animals live in societies, such as herds of elk (麋鹿 ) or packs of wild dogs, only humans have culture. Characteristics of culture People have culture primarily because they can c
7、ommunicate with and understand symbols. Symbols allow people to develop complex thoughts and to exchange these thoughts with others. Language and other forms of symbolic communication, such as art, enable people to create, explain, and record new ideas and information. A symbol has either an indirec
8、t connection or no connection at all with the object, idea, feeling, or behavior to which it refers. For instance, most people in the United States find some meaning in the combination of the colors red, white, and blue. But those colors themselves have nothing to do with, for instance, the land tha
9、t people call the United States, the concept of patriotism, or the U.S. national anthem (圣歌 ), 7he Star Spangled Banner. People have the capacity at birth to construct, understand, and communicate through symbols, primarily by using language. Research has shown, for example, that infants have a basi
10、c structure of languagea sort of universal grammarbuilt into their minds. Infants are thus predisposed(有 倾向 ) to learn the languages spoken by the people around them. Language provides a means to store, process, and communicate amounts of information that vastly exceed the capabilities of nonhuman a
11、nimals. For instance, chimpanzees (黑猩猩 ), the closest genetic relatives of humans, use h few dozen calls and a variety of gestures to communicate in the wild. People have taught some chimps (黑猩猩 ) to communicate using American Sign Language and picture-bused languages, and some have developed vocabu
12、laries of a few hundred words. But an unabridged (完整的 ) English dictionary might contain more than half-a-million vocabulary entries. Chimpanzees have also not clearly demonstrated the ability to use grammar, which is crucial for communicating complex thoughts. In addition, the human vocal tract, un
13、like that of chimpanzees and other animals, can create and articulate a wide enough variety of sounds to create millions of distinct words. In fact, each human language uses only a fraction of the sounds humans can make. The human brain also contains areas dedicated to the production and interpretat
14、ion of speech, which other animals lack. Thus, humans are predisposed in many ways to use symbolic communication. People are not born with culture; they have to learn it. For instance, people must learn to speak and understand a language and to abide by the rules of a society. In many societies, all
15、 people mast learn to produce and prepare food and to construct shelters. In other societies, people must learn a skill to earn money, which they then use to provide for themselves. In all human societies, children learn culture from adults. Anthropologists call this process enculturation, or cultur
16、al transmission. Enculturation is a long process. Just learning the intricacies (复杂 ) of a human language, a major part of enculturation, takes many years. Families commonly protect and enculturate (使适应某种文化的 ) children in the households of their birth for 15 years or mere. Only at this point can chi
17、ldren leave and establish their own households. People also continue to learn throughout their lifetimes. Thus, most societies respect their elders, who have learned for an entire lifetime. Humans are not alone in their ability to learn behaviors, only in the amount and complexity of what they can l
18、earn. For example, members of a group of chimpanzees may learn to use a unique source of food or to fashion same simple tools, behaviors that might distinguish them from other chimpanzee groups. But these unique ways of life are minor in comparison to the rich cultures that distinguish different hum
19、an societies. Lacking speech, chimps are very limited in what they can learn, communicate to others. People living together in a society share culture. For example, almost all people living in the United States share the English language, dress in similar styles, eat many of the same foods, and cele
20、brate many of the same holidays. All the people of a society collectively create and maintain culture. Societies preserve culture for much longer than the life of any one person. They preserve it in the form of knowledge, such as scientific discoveries; objects, such as works of art; and traditions,
21、 such as the observance of holidays. Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environments. For example, the end of the last Ice Age, beginning about 15,000 years ago, posed an enormous challenge to which humans had to adapt. Before this time, large portions of the northern hemisphe
22、re were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earths water. In North America, large game animals that roamed (漫游，游历 ) the vast tundra (冻土地带 ) that provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters. When the earth warmed, large Ice Age game animals disappear
23、ed, and many land areas were submerged by rising sea levels from melting ice. But people survived. They developed new technologies and learned how to live on new plant and animal species. Eventually some people settled into villages of permanent, durable houses and farms. Cultural adaptation has mad
24、e humans one of the most successful species on the planet. Through history, major developments in technology, medicine, and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever-increasing numbers. The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to almost 6 billion today.
25、2 People in one society will all share its culture or patterns of behavior. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Although culture is only specific to humans, non-human animals also have cultural behaviors. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The colors red, white and blue have a connection with the American flag. （ A） Y （ B
26、） N （ C） NG 5 Infants dont have the capacity to communicate and understand through symbols. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Animals are not born with the capacity to use symbolic communication although some animals such as chimpanzees can be trained to develop certain amount of vocabularies. （ A） Y （ B） N （
27、 C） NG 7 Nonhuman animals have no culture because they dont have a developed brain. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Four distinguishing characteristics of culture are mentioned in the passage. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Apart from language, the passage gives another example of symbolic communication, which is
28、_. 10 _ provides a means to store, process and communicate information that nonhuman animals cant. 11 _ is the major part of enculturation. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will
29、 be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.
30、（ B） The woman had forgotten Marks phone number. （ C） The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday. （ D） Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time. （ A） The man is late for the trip because he is busy. （ B） The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person. （ C） The man is meeting the woma
31、n on behalf of Mr. Brown. （ D） The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come. （ A） At 10:30. （ B） At 10:25. （ C） At 10:40. （ D） At 10:4 （ A） The man no longer smokes. （ B） The man is under pressure from his wife. （ C） The man usually follows his wifes advice. （ D） The man refuses to listen
32、to his doctors advice. （ A） Move to a big city. （ B） Become a teacher. （ C） Go back to school. （ D） Work in New York. （ A） Quit delivering flowers. （ B） Work at a restaurant. （ C） Bring her flowers every day. （ D） Leave his job to work for her. （ A） She can find the right person to help the man. （ B
33、） She can help the man out. （ C） Shes also in need of a textbook. （ D） She picked up the book from the bus floor. （ A） The man was confused about the date of the appointment. （ B） The man wants to change the date of the appointment. （ C） The man is glad hes got in touch with the doctor. （ D） The man
34、 cant come for the appointment at 4: 1 （ A） He cannot do well because the class is too large. （ B） He wants the professor to give him a mark. （ C） He was late for registration. （ D） He needs the permission of Professor Day to register. （ A） Students attend it because it is required. （ B） The student
35、 likes the course very much. （ C） It is so popular that students line up to get registered. （ D） The professor offers the course every term. （ A） Allow the student to take the class this term. （ B） Allow the student to take the class next year. （ C） Permit the student to graduate without the class.
36、（ D） Let the student to attend another class. （ A） Teacher and student （ B） Employer and employee （ C） Friends （ D） Classmates （ A） In a hospital （ B） In Joan s office （ C） In Mr. Sherwins office （ D） At home （ A） To ask for a few days off （ B） To talk about her daughter. （ C） To send her husband to
37、 hospital. （ D） She isnt satisfy with her job. （ A） Tomorrow （ B） The day after tomorrow （ C） In a few days. （ D） Friday Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken
38、only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To tell us how much time the new bridge will spend. （ B） To tell us how much money the new bridge will cost. （ C） To tell us China has started to build the world longest bridge acro
39、ss the sea. （ D） To tell us why China began to build the world longest bridge across the sea. （ A） 120kms. （ B） 184kms. （ C） 268kms. （ D） 304kms. （ A） To make it easy to enjoy the beautiful scene of the sea. （ B） To show Chinas growing economic power. （ C） To help develop economy. （ D） To do wonders
40、. （ A） 10 points. （ B） 2 points. （ C） 15 points. （ D） 5 points. （ A） They will take one of the six major tests. （ B） They will have to write a composition. （ C） They will be given a pop test. （ D） They will be required to read a short story in class. （ A） An essay. （ B） A magazine article. （ C） A po
41、em. （ D） A short story. （ A） On the first day of class. （ B） At the end of the first week of classes. （ C） Halfway through the semester. （ D） Just before the final examination. （ A） The people of the Northeast. （ B） The significance of the Northeast. （ C） The development of the United States. （ D） T
42、he location of the nations capital. （ A） Small area, small population. （ B） Small area, large population. （ C） Large area, small population. （ D） Large area, large population. （ A） It is visited by many tourists. （ B） It was never a wilderness like the rest of the country. （ C） It is the home of man
43、y modern historians. （ D） It is both a business and cultural center. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are requir
44、ed to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Abel Xavier, Middlesbroughs P
45、ortuguese defender, has failed a drug test and been suspended from all football by FIFA, footballs world governing body. Xaviers urine 【 B1】 _ after Boros UEFA Cup tie in Xanthi, Greece, was found to be positive. Xavier is protesting his 【 B2】 _ to the club. Xavier is believed to have been taking a
46、supplement to 【 B3】 _ a virus. For the time 【 B4】 _ Middlesbrough are 【 B5】 _ by Xavier, though they are making no public statements, but a further test will now follow on Xaviers sample and, if that is found to be positive, then the defender, who turns 33 next month, may be banned for a 【 B6】_ peri
47、od that his career is effectively over. UEFA is overseeing the investigation as the test was taken after a game under its 【 B7】 _ and the relevant 【 B8】 _ is due to meet and report next Monday. Boro would confirm only that Xavier had failed one test. An UEFA spokesman said: “The next step would be t
48、o examine the B sample. If that was positive, he would face sanctions laid out in the protocol passed between FIFA and WADA(World Anti-Doping Agency).“ 【 B9】 _, although Edgar Davids, now of Tottenham, was banned four years ago for eight months having been found with nandrolone in his system while a
49、t Juventus. 【 B10】_. Shortly after Jaap Stam left Old Trafford he was banned for three months and fined $50, 000 for testing positive for nandrolone. 【 B11】 _. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the p
