1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 968及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on My Approach to Personal Success. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. The importance of the personal competence and success in life. 2. My ex
2、perience on my way to success. 3. My opinion on how to promote personal success. 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7
3、, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Landfills You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaura
4、nt and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about the waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to
5、 think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up. Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year! This
6、is almost twice as much trash per person as most other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills. How Much Trash Is Generated? Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United Stat
7、es annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥 ) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded. How Is Trash Disposed of? The trash production in the United States has almost tripled si
8、nce 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries
9、(United kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills. What Is a Landfill? There are two ways to bury trash: Dump-an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of variou
10、s animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most peoples idea of a landfill!) Landfill-carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily coveri
11、ng of soil. Sanitary landfill-landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment Municipal solid waste (MSW) LANDFILL-landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment . The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it
12、 will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose (腐烂 ) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Proposing the Landfill For a
13、landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill. In the United States, taking care o
14、f trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done one the proposed site to determine: the area of land necessary for the landfill the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock t
15、he flow of surface water over the site the impact of the proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed site Building the Landfill Once the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction
16、begins. First, access roads to the landfills site must be built if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫 ) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake Country Landfill, the landfill began 1
17、0 feet below the road surface. What Happens to Trash in a Landfill? Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug u
18、p or sampled, 40-year-old newspapers have been found with easily readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years! How Is a Landfill Operated? A landfil
19、l, such as the North Wake Country Landfill, must be open and available every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill. Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling Center where residents can drop off recyclable materials
20、 Aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). This helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycles. As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are c
21、harged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from 10 to 40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake Country Landfill has an operating budget of approximately 4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees. Along the site, there are drop-off stat
22、ions for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled. In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides
23、, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of b private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants. Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the la
24、ndfill, the runoff collection pond and methane(甲烷 )station. Landfills are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane
25、. 2 The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid
26、 waste in landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buries trash. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 In the United States the bui
27、lding of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Hazardous wastes have to be treated before helping dumped into landfills. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Our mother grew up _ than we. 10 In learning about our mothers past, we can construct her story by _. 11 To u
28、nderstand our mother better, we can discover a link to her through _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions
29、 will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） To go to watch the final in the TV room. （ B） To go to see a movie since he has two tickets. （ C） To go to see the fi
30、nal live since he has two tickets. （ D） To go to see the concert live since he has two tickets. （ A） She thinks its too late anyway. （ B） She thinks he shouldnt wait a minute. （ C） She thinks he should do things earlier. （ D） She thinks there might still be a chance even if it is the last minute. （
31、A） The man took up much of the professors time. （ B） The man didnt make any trouble with Prof. Johnston. （ C） The man has trouble getting along with Prof. Johnston. （ D） The man knew Prof. Johnston was very busy. （ A） Better land. （ B） Quick wealth. （ C） Modem equipment. （ D） Stricter laws. （ A） The
32、re were only grandparents and children. （ B） There was one father, one mother, and their children. （ C） There were many relatives. （ D） There were two or more brothers with their wives. （ A） The women have more freedom and can share in decisions. （ B） The women do not have to be the heads of the fam
33、ily. （ C） The womens relatives do not help them with the housework and childcare. （ D） The women have all the power of the family. （ A） Husbands have to share power with their wives and help them with the housework. （ B） Older women do not often have important positions in a large group and olden li
34、ve alone when their husbands die. （ C） Family structure is more patriarchal in the nuclear family. （ D） Women have to help sisters, grandparents with housework and childcare. （ A） They want to stay home and do the housework. （ B） They dont have enough money. （ C） They have too much work and not much
35、 free time. （ D） They have more freedom than in the past. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
36、answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） In 1965. （ B） In 1979. （ C） In 1969. （ D） In 1959. （ A） A computer. （ B） A platform worker. （ C） The command spot. （ D） A machine. （ A） It will move on at the same speed. （ B） It will stop automatically. （ C） It will gradually slow down. （ D） I
37、t will keep a safe distance from the other trains. （ A） 40. （ B） 14. （ C） 3. （ D） 13 （ A） Die. （ B） Become such people as George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison. （ C） Become very successful. （ D） Find it extremely difficult to get a job. （ A） A college diploma will help one to get a successful ca
38、reer more easily. （ B） After college education, one should not pursue further education. （ C） After college education, one must have an MBA from a first-rate university. （ D） After college education, the more one gets education, the less he will earn after graduation. （ A） Physics or chemistry. （ B）
39、 English or history. （ C） Anthropology or political science. （ D） Language or philosophy. （ A） High school teachers. （ B） Taxi drivers. （ C） Waiters. （ D） Fruit sellers, Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you shoul
40、d listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you
41、can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 27 Some years ago, an American policeman found a woman lying near a lonely road. She did not appear to have had an【 B1】 _. But she was【 B2】 _and clearly in a state of shock. So he【 B3】 _her to the nearest hospital. She began to tel
42、l the doctor on duty the story which was astonishing and【 B4】 _. She had been driving along a country road when she had been stopped by a flying saucer landing in front of her. She had been forced to leave the car and enter the flying saucer by【 B5】 _which looked like human beings and which could ea
43、sily make themselves understood although they could not speak. It was as though they could read her thoughts and she could read theirs. They【 B6】 _her politely and allowed her to leave after carrying out a number of tests on her. As she otherwise seems to be【 B7】 _, the doctor decided that she was p
44、robably【 B8】 _from the side effects of some drug. The woman insisted on being allowed to go home.【 B9】 _. The police then started to make inquiries and soon discovered that there was already a search going on for the woman, whose husband had reported that she had disappeared.【 B10】 _. In front of th
45、e car, the surface of the road had been completely destroyed not by an explosion or anything of that kind,【 B11】 _ 28 【 B1】 29 【 B2】 30 【 B3】 31 【 B4】 32 【 B5】 33 【 B6】 34 【 B7】 35 【 B8】 36 【 B9】 37 【 B10】 38 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are r
46、equired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through
47、 the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 38 What does a young childs ability not to eat a marshmallow have to do with success in life? Quite a lot, as it turns out. The 4-year-old child who is able to hold out in order to receive a second treat is【 S1】 _more self-con
48、trol that will serve him or her well as an adult. This ability to control ones【 S2】 _is just one part of what is called Emotional intelligence. The children who【 S3】 _it will grow up to be better【 S4】_and more successful. Those kids who dont have it are less likely to succeed when it comes to meetin
49、g【 S5】 _and dealing with life frustrations. In the past, our concept of intelligence was mainly limited to the kinds of skills that enable one to do well in school. But Emotional Intelligence【 S6】 _what it means to be smart by focusing on how the mind【 S7】 _feelings rather than ideas. There are many ways in which an understanding of Emotional Intelligence can be very handy. It can help parents【 S8】 _their children, help s
