1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 973及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1 你认为自己具备了什么条件 (能力、性格
2、、爱好等 )可以胜任学生会主席的工作 2 如果当选，你将会为本校同学做什么 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees
3、 with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Climate Change May Make Insect-Borne Diseases Harder to Control Climate change can influence how infectious d
4、iseases affect the world, particularly illnesses spread by vector (传染媒介 ) like mosquitoes. Now scientists have developed some understanding about how rainfall and temperature can influence malaria, dengue (登革热 ) and West Nile virus infections as well as ways to combat them. Vector-borne diseases are
5、 among the most complex and annoying illnesses to manage, since so many elements are at play, like host resistance, the environment, urbanization and the pathogens (病原体 ) themselves. As a result, its difficult to tease out any one factor to measure, and with the added effects of warming weather and
6、shifting precipitation (降水 ), ongoing disease-management efforts are becoming more complicated. “Climate change is not going to invent any new diseases; its going to make controlling existing diseases harder.“ said Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, head of the climate change team at the World Health Organiz
7、ations headquarters. “Weve been describing the links between climate change and health for quite a long time.“ Diseases spread by mosquitoes are particularly affected by climate change, since the insects lay their eggs in standing water, be it in puddles, ponds, lakes or tide pools. Standing water v
8、aries with rainfall, humidity and temperature, with wetter weather typically showing a greater number of mosquitoes. When a female mosquito matures, she can spread infections by drawing blood from an infected host and transmitting the illness to a different host with another bite. Heat can also infl
9、uence how a pathogen is spread. In the case of West Nile virus, rising temperatures work both in favor of and against the spread of the disease. “The pathogen the warmer the temperature, the faster it moves from the blood to being transmitted. It usually takes a while for the virus to get into the m
10、osquitos salivary glands,“ said Marm Kilpatrick, an assistant professor in ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “The biting rate also gets faster. So those things are all going to give you more transmission.“ On the other hand, hotter weather shortens the mos
11、quitos life span. “What you basically have going on is three factors going in one direction and one factor in the other direction,“ said Kilpatrick, who published a paper on West Nile virus last month in the journal Science. “Its a little bit tricky to make a solid prediction.“ West Nile virus is an
12、 interesting case study because the disease originated in Africa and emerged in North America in 1999, relatively recently as far as diseases go. Because of this, researchers have tracked where the disease has spread over time. Kilpatrick found that the virus is most abundant in human-developed area
13、s like cities and farms. He also found that the virus quickly adapted to use local mosquitoes in the United States, and hosts like robins played an important role in spreading the virus over long distances. However, Kilpatrick hesitates to link climate change directly to yearly changes in West Nile
14、infection rates, since land use changes and infected hosts move around. Nonetheless, lessons from climate change and West Nile can be applied to more prevalent diseases. “The same questions were wondering about West Nile apply to malaria and dengue,“ said Kilpatrick. A killer with no cure spreads De
15、ngue fever is one of the worlds most common diseases, with one-third of the world living in endemic areas (病区 ), according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It afflicts 900 million people worldwide, and the number is growing, according to Khoa T. D. Thai, a researcher at the Acad
16、emic Medical Center in Amsterdam and at the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Thai, who co-authored a paper on dengue this past summer in Experimental Biology and Medicine, said that the number of people afflicted by the disease is increasing, but part of the r
17、ise comes from more awareness and better diagnostics (诊断法 ) as health care reaches impoverished and rural areas. The distribution of the disease is also growing, some of which Thai attributes to climate change as regions with tropical climates expand. Since dengue has no cure or vaccine, fighting th
18、e disease must focus mainly on prevention, whether its draining water to prevent mosquitoes from breeding or wearing long sleeves and using mosquito repellents. Anticipating climate trends is also important in fighting mosquito-borne diseases, particularly with malaria. “The key step to all of this
19、is to understand what happens with climate variability,“ said Andy Dobson, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Princeton University. “Although weve got some fantastic weather data, its always being cleaned up. In general we need much better models for how climate variability affects m
20、alaria.“ Getting ahead of malaria shifts from climate change is important because people who have been exposed to the parasite (寄生物 ) the most have the strongest resistance to it, said Dobson, who wrote about this topic in Trends in Ecology and Evolution in June. As the disease moves to new areas, p
21、reviously unexposed populations may experience an epidemic. “Malaria will expand particularly in the mountain regions. Weve seen increasingly strong evidence of that in the east African highlands,“ he said, noting how drought and rainfall have shifted and warming weather has made mountains more welc
22、oming to mosquitoes. “Malaria will always come from an interaction between temperature and rainfall,“ added Dobson. “The rainfall certainly determines the mosquito abundance, and temperature affects the parasites.“ Dobson said it is more efficient to combat malaria by using mosquito nets and managin
23、g the environment rather than some of the more exotic proposed control measures like lasers to shoot mosquitoes. “Understanding the ecological dynamics of the disease will get you much more bang for your buck,“ he said. With better climate predictions and land management, Dobson said malaria and oth
24、er vector-borne diseases can be reduced significantly. 2 What makes vector-borne diseases more complicated to manage? （ A） The added effects of climate change. （ B） The rapid progress of urbanization. （ C） The sudden appearance of new pathogens. （ D） The bodys resistance to diseases. 3 What kind of
25、environment favors mosquitoes most when they lay eggs? （ A） Dry weather and standing water. （ B） Cool weather and running water. （ C） Wet weather and standing water. （ D） Hot weather and running water. 4 What do we know about the spread of West Nile virus? （ A） The warm weather can slow down its tra
26、nsmission. （ B） Heat has positive as well as negative effects on its spread. （ C） It takes long for the virus to enter the mosquitos salivary glands. （ D） It is easy for experts to make a solid prediction on its spread. 5 Where is West Nile virus most abundant according to Kilpatrick? （ A） In urban
27、areas and farms. （ B） In poor and rural areas. （ C） In remote mountainous areas. （ D） In some wild bird habitats. 6 Kilpatrick hesitates to link climate change to West Nile infection rates because of_. （ A） the changes in the number of mosquitoes （ B） the difficulty of counting infected people （ C）
28、the endurance of the West Nile virus to heat （ D） the uncertainty of land use and infected hosts 7 Thai thinks the number of people afflicted by dengue fever is increasing partly due to_. （ A） peoples ignorance of its transmission （ B） better diagnostics brought about by health care （ C） more exposu
29、re to vectors like mosquitoes （ D） worse climatic conditions caused by air pollution 8 The prevention of dengue fever involves_. （ A） flooding the breeding area of mosquitoes （ B） putting on clothes with short sleeves （ C） using chemicals to repel mosquitoes （ D） receiving the injection of dengue va
30、ccine 9 As weather data is always cleaned up, it is necessary to have much better models for_. 10 The epidemic situation in the east African highlands shows that malaria spreads particularly in_ 11 Compared with those unusual measures to combat malaria, it is more recommended by Dobson to use mosqui
31、to nets and_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there wil
32、l be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He doesnt have enough money to buy a printer now. （ B） Hes not sure how much a printer costs. （ C） Hell buy a computer later this week. （ D） He lost the money he was saving.
33、 （ A） Wait to play until after his 9 oclock class. （ B） Ask Carol to play tennis. （ C） Ask Carol if shes going to class. （ D） Get a tennis lesson from Carol. （ A） They should ask for an increase in the budget. （ B） The calculations appear correct to her. （ C） Shell try to see what method was used. （
34、 D） They need to make a copy of the budget. （ A） He could bring something to the woman. （ B） Hed be happy to go with the woman. （ C） He wants the woman to get him a newspaper. （ D） Hed like something to eat. （ A） The barbecue has been canceled. （ B） The weather will probably be cool. （ C） The man wi
35、ll not be able to attend the barbecue. （ D） Casual dress will be appropriate. （ A） He has bad study habits. （ B） He sleeps too much. （ C） He wakes up early. （ D） Hes an excellent student. （ A） She dislikes fireworks. （ B） She has plans for the evening. （ C） She doesnt feel like going out. （ D） She h
36、as to get theater tickets. （ A） The library is closed tonight. （ B） He doesnt know how to get to the library. （ C） Jean is using his car. （ D） He wont be able to help the woman. （ A） To see a customer. （ B） To check out the arrangements for the exhibition. （ C） To see Gregg Anderson. （ D） To sign a
37、contract. （ A） On Tuesday next week. （ B） On Monday this week. （ C） On Monday afternoon next week. （ D） On Tuesday morning next week. （ A） To discuss the final arrangements with the woman. （ B） To see the restaurant where the reception is held. （ C） To place an order with the woman. （ D） To arrange
38、for someone to meet him at the airport. （ A） From a friend. （ B） On the television. （ C） In the local newspaper. （ D） On the radio. （ A） Having the right qualifications and experience. （ B） Working from ten in the morning until two in the afternoon. （ C） Writing an advertisement for the local newspa
39、per. （ D） Serving a firm in spare time. （ A） She has no job yet. （ B） She works for a small firm. （ C） She is a consultant engineer. （ D） She works for the man. （ A） An advertisement in the paper. （ B） The details of a possible job. （ C） A small firm of consultant engineers. （ D） An interview for wa
40、itress job. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C an
41、d D. （ A） A book. （ B） A clock. （ C） A shirt. （ D） A suitcase. （ A） Fastening her seat belts. （ B） Listening to the music. （ C） Enjoying the beauty of the evening sky. （ D） Sitting in a smoke-filled room. （ A） She lost her ticket. （ B） She was thought bringing a time bomb. （ C） She made some mistake
42、s. （ D） Her passport had some problems. （ A） Crimes committed by young people. （ B） Crimes committed by needy people. （ C） Influence on young people. （ D） Stealing and violence. （ A） Less freedom and more money. （ B） More freedom and more money. （ C） Education system. （ D） Living in poor areas. （ A）
43、 The family and the school. （ B） The adults and the mass media. （ C） The society and the young people. （ D） The parents and the kids. （ A） His father. （ B） His manager of the country music club. （ C） A business woman. （ D） His brother. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage t
44、hree times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are r
45、equired to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 33 Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to【 B1】 _our family histories so our children and grandc
46、hildren can learn and【 B2】 _their heritage. With computers and Internet connections in so many【 B3】 _, colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time or talking to them in writing in online【 B4】_rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more【 B5】_t
47、han waiting until Sunday for the telephone【 B6】 _to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to【 B7】 _and discuss their classroom assignments and to【 B8】 _them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate on homework.【 B9】 _. Despite the growing importance of computers, however, th
48、ere will always be a place and need for the personal letter.【 B10】 _. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, “I want you to know that I care about you. “【 B11】 _， but only in the success of human relationships. 34 【 B1】 35 【 B2】 36 【 B3】 37 【 B4】 38 【 B5】 39 【 B6】 40 【 B7】 41
49、【 B8】 42 【 B9】 43 【 B10】 44 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use a
