1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 97及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Keep Psychologically Healthy. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因 2分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因 (可从失业、压力过重、
2、缺少支持、缺乏人际关系等方面加以分析 ) 3你认为人们如何保持心理健康 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees w
3、ith the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY It seems-like every day there is a new announcement in the news about automobiles powered
4、by fuel cells. The promises are great, since fuel cells have the potential to very quickly double the efficiency of cars while significantly reducing air pollution. At the same time, there have been news stories for decades about the problems associated with petroleum. Everything from oil spills to
5、ozone(臭氧 ) alerts to global warming gets blamed on our dependence on fossil(化石 ) fuels. These two forces are leading the world toward what is broadly known as the hydrogen economy. If the predictions are true, over the next several decades we will all begin to see an amazing shift away from the foss
6、il fuel economy we have today toward a much cleaner hydrogen future. Problems with the fossil fuel economy While fossil fuels have played an important role in getting society to the point it is at today, there are four big problems that fossil fuels create: Air pollution When cars burn gasoline, the
7、 internal combustion engine also produces: Carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas Nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog Unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone Environmental pollution The process of transporting and storing oil has a big impact on the environment whenever something
8、goes wrong. An oil spill, pipeline explosion or well fire can create a huge mess. Global warming The carbon dioxide coming out of every cars tailpipe is a greenhouse gas that is slowly raising the temperature of the planet. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a strong possibility that, event
9、ually, there will be dramatic climate changes that affect everyone on the planet. Dependence The United States, and most other countries, cannot produce enough oil to meet demand, so they import it from oil-rich countries. That creates an economic dependence. When Middle East oil producers decide to
10、 raise the price of oil, the rest of the world has little choice but to pay the higher price. Advantages of the hydrogen economy The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include: The elimina
11、tion of pollution caused by fossil fuels When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only byproduct is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases If the hydrogen c
12、omes from the electrolysis of water, then hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel ceil. The elimination of economic dependence The elimination
13、 of oil means no dependence on the Middle East and its oil reserves. Distributed production Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology. The problems with the fossil fuel economy are so great, and
14、the environmental advantages of the hydrogen economy so significant, that the push toward the hydrogen economy is very strong. Technological Hurdles(障碍 ) The big question with the hydrogen economy is, “Where does the hydrogen come from?“ After that comes the question of transporting, distributing an
15、d storing hydrogen. Hydrogen tends to be large and tricky in its natural gaseous form. Once both of these questions are answered in an economical way, the hydrogen economy will be in place. Where does the hydrogen come from? There are two possible sources for the hydrogen: Electrolysis of water Usin
16、g electricity, it is easy to split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car with that hydrogen. Reforming fossi
17、l fuels Oil and natural gas contain hydrocarbons molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the atmospher
18、e as carbon dioxide. The second option is, of course, slightly perverse(不正当的 ). You are using fossil fuel as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen economy. This approach reduces air pollution, but it doesnt solve either the greenhouse gas problem or the dependence problem. However, it may be a goo
19、d temporary step to take during the transition(转变 ) to the hydrogen economy. The interesting thing about the first option is that it is the core of the real hydrogen economy. To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we stop
20、 releasing carbon into the atmosphere. Having enough electricity to separate hydrogen from water, and generating that electricity without using fossil fuels, will be the biggest change that we see in creating the hydrogen economy. Where will the electricity for the electrolysis of water come from? C
21、urrently, about 68 percent of the electricity produced in the United States comes from coal or natural gas. All of that genera ting capacity will have to be replaced by renewable sources in the hydrogen economy. Right now there are several different ways to create electricity that do not use fossil
22、fuels: Nuclear power Hydroelectric dams Solar cells Wind turbines Geothermal power Wave and tidal power Co-generation How do you store and transport the hydrogen? Hydrogen is a large gas of its kind, and it is not nearly as easy to work with as gasoline. Compressing the gas requires energy, and comp
23、ressed hydrogen contains far less energy than the same volume of gasoline. However, solutions to the hydrogen storage problem are surfacing. For example, hydrogen can be stored in a solid form in a chemical called sodium borohydride. Once the storage problem is solved and standardized, then a networ
24、k of hydrogen stations and the transportation infrastructure will have to develop around it. The main barrier to this might be the technological sorting-out process. Stations will not develop quickly until there is a storage technology that clearly dominates the marketplace. For instance, if all hyd
25、rogen-powered cars from all manufacturers used sodium borohydride, then a station network could develop quickly; that sort of standardization is unlikely to happen rapidly, if history is any guide. Prospects for the future You will hear more and more about the hydrogen economy in the news in the com
26、ing months, because the drumbeat is growing louder. The environmental problems of the fossil fuel economy are combining With breakthroughs(突破 ) in fuel-cell technology, and the pairing will allow us to take the first steps. The most obvious step we will see is the marketing of fuel-cell-powered vehi
27、cles. Although they will be powered initially by gasoline and reformers, fuel cells represent two major improvements over the internal combustion engine: They are about twice as efficient. They can significantly reduce air pollution in cities. 2 The passage gives a general description of the benefit
28、s and potential problems of a hydrogen economy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 An oil spill can pose a big problem to the environment. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Compared with other major industrialized countries, the United States depends more heavily on oil import. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Even if you have e
29、lectricity and water, you still cannot produce hydrogen everywhere. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In the United States, most of the electricity is generated from coal or natural gas. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 We must derive hydrogen from renewable sources with a view to a pure hydrogen economy. （ A） Y （ B）
30、N （ C） NG 8 So far, there seems to be no solution in sight as to how the hydrogen can be stored. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Possible sources for the hydrogen are both electrolysis of water and _. 10 If the storage problem is _ and _, a network of hydrogen stations and the transportation infrastructure
31、will have to develop around it. 11 Concerning the future of the hydrogen economy, the most obvious step we will take is Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what
32、 was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Ask someone to help the man. （ B） Give the man the note for his ref
33、erence. （ C） Lend the man her pencil and paper. （ D） Feel sorry that she cant help the man. （ A） He didnt go to the interview. （ B） He succeeded in the interview. （ C） He forgot about the interview. （ D） He was too nervous in the interview. （ A） They are not beautiful at all. （ B） They are quite com
34、fortable. （ C） They are too expensive. （ D） They deserve more money. （ A） He worked late. （ B） His car broke down. （ C） He forgot about the appointment. （ D） He met someone else on the way. （ A） In the kitchen of a restaurant. （ B） In the office of a restaurant. （ C） On the telephone. （ D） In New Yo
35、rk. （ A） He has to handle a lot of work. （ B） There will be a lot of people and cars on the streets. （ C） It is going to be cloudy this weekend. （ D） He doesnt like driving a car. （ A） Buy some new equipment. （ B） Finish his work quickly. （ C） Leave the equipment for the woman. （ D） Watch what the w
36、oman is doing. （ A） The club needs some sports as well. （ B） Raising the money will be hard. （ C） The festival will begin the year nicely. （ D） All the students would like a formal ball. （ A） Its small. （ B） Its very hilly. （ C） It has no bus service. （ D） Its located outside of the town. （ A） Its f
37、ar from the academic buildings. （ B） No buses go there. （ C） Its older than the other dormitories. （ D） There are few first-year students living there. （ A） They waste their time. （ B） They dont make realistic career plans. （ C） They bring too many things with them. （ D） They dont familiarize themse
38、lves with the campus. （ A） Common causes of anger. （ B） Judging peoples behavior. （ C） Changing peoples attitudes. （ D） The effects of negative behavior. （ A） When theyre unable to control the persons behavior. （ B） When the causes of the behavior are obvious. （ C） When the consequences of the behav
39、ior are unpleasant. （ D） When the behavior is expected. （ A） Its not always clear why people behave in certain ways. （ B） People usually blame others for their mistakes. （ C） Certain conditions cause drivers to behave strangely. （ D） The reason for some behavior is obvious. （ A） They usually accept
40、responsibility. （ B） They blame factors beyond their control. （ C） They complain about their personal problems. （ D） They compare their behavior to the behavior of others. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
41、 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Instructions. （ B） Medicine. （ C） Money. （ D） The draft of his speech. （ A） Because she had to type Mr. Bacombs speech. （ B） Becau
42、se she had to meet some businessmen. （ C） Because she had a headache. （ D） Because she had to get her car fixed. （ A） The problems of the city. （ B） Himself and his problems. （ C） Things he had planned to say to his audience. （ D） The plan for his future work as mayor. （ A） They are not active hunte
43、rs. （ B） They dont sleep much. （ C） They are often seen alone. （ D） They dont eat much. （ A） To catch the birds. （ B） To catch other animals. （ C） To look for shade in the heat of the day. （ D） To look for a kill made by another animal. （ A） They are larger in size. （ B） They nm faster. （ C） They ha
44、ve to hunt more to feed the young. （ D） They are not as lazy as the males. （ A） The population. （ B） Nuclear weapon. （ C） Violence in crime. （ D） Living standards. （ A） Growth of violence on TV. （ B） Destructive threat from nuclear explosives. （ C） Decreasing of moral standards. （ D） All of the abov
45、e. （ A） People are more destructive. （ B） People are more selfish. （ C） People do what they preach now. （ D） People do not follow moral principles now. （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Surprised. （ C） Worried. （ D） Confident. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the
46、 passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in t
47、he missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Life-style is the way a person lives, work, leisure time, hobbies, other interests, and personal philosophy. One persons life-style may be 【 B1】 _ work, including few social activiti
48、es. Anothers may involve hobbies, 【 B2】 _ activities, or personal philosophy. There is little doubt that life-styles are changing and that these changes will have an influence on the way business 【 B3】 _ in the years ahead. Several 【 B4】 _ are causing life-style changes in U.S. society. First, there
49、 is more leisure time than ever before. The workweek is now less than forty hours, as 【 B5】 _ to seventy hours a century ago. Some experts believe it will be twenty-five hours or less before the year 2000. Several firms have 【 B6】 _ four-day workweeks with more hours per day. Others have cut the number of hours worked each week. Reduced work 【 B7】 _ mean increased leisure time. Second, families have fewer children than before and young couples
