1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 989及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Make the Best of College Life. You should write, at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1大学时光相对宽松，如 何利用时问存在争议 2有些学生忙于兼职赚钱；有些学生忙于参加各种辅导班以应对考试；有些学生无所事事
2、3我的观点 How to Make the Best of College Life 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement a
3、grees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Power of Nice In fiction, film and popular culture, nice is the last word ever associated with bosse
4、s. Theres Lord Sugar, with his complaining “youre fired“ image; Gordon “greed is good“ Gekkos and next week brings the opening of the film Horrible Bosses, in which three friends so hate their bosses that they plot to murder them. Descriptions such as this carry the assumption that being nice means
5、getting defeated or being an unconfident coward. But that is not the case. People who are nice, treat others with respect, listen to them, are accountable for what they do, are courteous, deliver, apologise when necessary, are cheerful, authentic, dedicated, warm and a general pleasure to be around.
6、 They are the antithesis of the monsters in Horrible Bosses. Particularly in the business world, being nice is vastly underestimated. Yet nice sets you head and shoulders above others. Here is how Dr. Stephan Chambers, of the Said Business School, University of Oxford, defines it: “Its who wed like
7、to be with, who wed like to be esteemed by, who wed like to work with and for, and how wed like to be.“ And it particularly matters now. Thats because when times are enduringly tough, when our banks fail, our jobs disappear and our newspapers close, the relationships we have with the world and how w
8、e think about it change. If we cant trust core elements of a system, the only option we have is to build trust with individuals instead. Thats when relationships start to matter so much more. Relationships are the one thing you can work on to make better, because you can protect, grow and invest in
9、them if you choose to. Our relationships give us the stability that institutions, regulation and cash cant. And our relationships are fundamental to the opportunities we get. In 1973 the social scientist Mark Granovetter found that 56% of people finding new jobs got them through their networks. Most
10、 importantly, of those people who found jobs, 83% found those jobs through “weak ties“ in other words, from friends of friends, or contacts they rarely saw. Granovetters study was copied 20 years later by the researchers Deborah Brown and Alison Konrad. Today, many organisations are holding back on
11、advertising new jobs: relying on networks is much cheaper. This means that your contacts the people wholl recommend you are ever more important. So what does it take to get recommended? No surprise, its your reputation: and the key ingredient is being nice. Youll only have a decent network if people
12、 like you, and they like you because youre nice. Think about it the other way round: youll never open a door for someone you actively dislike. Nasty leads only to dead ends. Which is why people who are nice are starting to reap such large dividends(红利 ). But this isnt new news. There is a lot of res
13、earch which shows that nice has always succeeded over nasty. Common sense tells us that. After all, how many nasty friends do you have? We first understood the power of being nice at work in the 1980s, when Dean Tjosvold, Professor of Management at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, carried out studies
14、which showed that nice leaders got more out of people than nasty ones. Now we can calculate the cost of poor leaders who exercise power through fear or intimidating. First, because they lose team members; second, because their employees spend a lot more time and effort covering their backs rather th
15、an getting on with their jobs; and third, because their negative emotion spreads within a social network. That network invariably includes clients and customers. Our research at the iOpener Institute for People and Performance estimated that the cost of this misery adds up to about 3, 378, 000 per 1
16、, 000 employees in terms of sick leave, employee turnover(人员更换 )and the reduced time that staff focus on their work. On top of that, it also results in employees looking to get even to rebalance their psychological contract. Tiziana Casciaro, of the Rotman School of Management in Toronto, published
17、a revealing article in Harvard Business Review about the “power of nice“ in 2005. She and her colleague Miguel Sousa Lobo showed we all want to work with people who are highly competent and very likeable. But when they are not around, we would rather work with colleagues who are nice over colleagues
18、 who know their stuff. Her subsequent research clearly shows that we will keep making an effort for nice colleagues in a way that we wont for people we actively dislike. Our research, based on data collected from 8, 000 people over six years, also shows how important likeability is. In fact, its a k
19、ey element for high performance and happiness at work. When it comes to getting a contract, a promotion or simply being noticed, we like those who share our values, help us, build mutual respect, achieve important goals together and push us to be the best we can. And we like them when they are nice
20、to us. But nice people can be tough, too. Being nice doesnt mean failing to set direction or letting people off the hook. As Paul Boissier, a former submarine commander and CEO of the RNLI, told me, “even when things are difficult and you have to deliver change, you dont need to do it in a heartless
21、, authoritarian style.“ “The nasty boss is, in my experience, someone with too much ego, too little self-confidence or too little ability. A nice person isnt threatened by the people who work for him or her, no matter how able they are: rather they benefit from the skills, ability and passion of eve
22、ryone around them.“ That gives you a strong clue to what being nice contains. Nice goes hand-in-hand with a certain level of humility and a lot of recognition. If you want to know what nice really looks like, watch out for this: a boss, a colleague or a friend who isnt too grand to involve themselve
23、s when the chips are down and who will be your best cheerleader even as they lend you a hand. Who will tell it to you as it is, who wont let you down, who give you praise when you deserve it. Women are very good at nice but until now we havent been rewarded for the real hard and measurable value tha
24、t it brings. Ill close with what Bill Liao, the Internet entrepreneur and co-founder of Xing and We Forest, said: “All the best people arent just nice: theyre wonderful. “ 2 What are the bosses in the film Horrible Bosses like? （ A） They are closely associated with nice. （ B） They are accountable fo
25、r what they do. （ C） They apologise when necessary. （ D） They are the opposite of being nice. 3 What does Dr. Stephan Chambers say of nice? （ A） Nice is something vastly underestimated. （ B） Nice sets you head and shoulders above others. （ C） Nice is how we would like to be. （ D） Nice is of particul
26、ar importance now. 4 What did social scientist Mark Granovetter find in 1973? （ A） Peoples networks helped them find new jobs. （ B） Best friends are important in finding new jobs. （ C） People found jobs entirely through “weak ties“. （ D） People seldom rely on relationships to find jobs. 5 Nowadays,
27、why are many organisations holding back on advertising new jobs? （ A） Peoples contacts play an ever important role. （ B） Counting on networks is a much cheaper way. （ C） Who will recommend you is ever more important. （ D） People have a very widespread network. 6 To get recommended, people should bea
28、r in mind one important thing that they need to_. （ A） have a decent status （ B） be nice （ C） have skills （ D） like others 7 The studies carried out by Dean Tjosvold in the 1980s showed that_. （ A） nice leaders are more popular than nasty ones （ B） leaders exercise power through fear or intimidating
29、 （ C） being nice makes leaders more effective （ D） nasty leaders get more profit than nice ones 8 According to research at the iOpener Institute for People and Performance, what may result in the rising cost of poor leaders? （ A） Leaders focusing on their work. （ B） Leaders rebalance of their accoun
30、t. （ C） Employees stealing from work. （ D） Employees asking for sick leave. 9 Tiziana Casciaro and her colleague said that when competent and likeable people are absent, we prefer to work with nice colleagues rather than those who_. 10 Based on data collected from 8, 000 people over six years, our r
31、esearch also shows the importance of_. 11 In the eyes of Paul Boissier, a nasty boss is someone who lacks_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. B
32、oth the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She doesnt think the shirt comes in a bigger size. （ B） She thinks the shirt wi
33、ll fit the man well. （ C） The shirt doesnt look good on the man. （ D） The bigger sizes are more expensive. （ A） Ask someone else to go to the concert with them. （ B） Find out when the concert begins. （ C） Meet each other at the concert. （ D） Go to the concert the other night. （ A） A new building. （
34、B） Directions to the gym. （ C） Going to the library. （ D） New library hours. （ A） The man should go to the museum by regular bus. （ B） The next train leaves in 25 minutes. （ C） The train will arrive at the museum before 10: 30. （ D） The man just missed the regular bus to the museum. （ A） Another fri
35、end commented on his haircut too. （ B） The woman has mistaken him for another person. （ C） He decided to try a new barbershop. （ D） A different person cut his hair this time. （ A） The coffee used to taste better. （ B） Hes surprised that the woman drinks coffee. （ C） Hed rather drink something other
36、than coffee. （ D） The coffee tastes the same as before. （ A） She doesnt like the painting. （ B） She hasnt seen the mans office. （ C） Shell hang the painting on the wall. （ D） She doesnt know where to put the painting. （ A） The books were sent out late. （ B） The books were sent to the wrong place. （
37、C） He didnt mind helping the woman move. （ D） He doesnt know the womans new address. （ A） He just came back from a vocation and spent all day travelling. （ B） He exercised all day and did not rest at all. （ C） He was busy preparing for his lecture tomorrow. （ D） He had a terrible fight with his wife
38、. （ A） Something hit his left arm. （ B） He woke up the people on the grass. （ C） The steering wheel went wrong. （ D） He was hit by a car on the left road. （ A） The mans tiredness. （ B） The mans speeding. （ C） A stone that had got through the front window. （ D） A piece of breaking glass on the mans c
39、ar. （ A） We have better appetite and eat more. （ B） We are more likely to eat out these days. （ C） We consider more about the food budgets. （ D） We would like to eat at home with parents. （ A） 19%. （ B） 38%. （ C） 42%. （ D） 166%. （ A） Milk is still most peoples favorite. （ B） Soft drinks fail to win
40、peoples heart. （ C） People tend to drink more soda today. （ D） Soft drinks and milk get equal attention. （ A） The fast development of food and drink industry. （ B） The increasing amount of advertisement of the food and drink industry. （ C） The changing attitude towards the preparation of food. （ D）
41、The tendency of doing whatever others are doing. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fr
42、om the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） She had seen a movie about murder on TV. （ B） She was followed. （ C） She had been at her friends house. （ D） What happened on TV could really happen to her. （ A） Very few people were travelling. （ B） She was even more frightened. （ C） A man sitting oppo
43、site her glanced at her. （ D） Many people were reading newspapers. （ A） A merciless killer. （ B） The run-away thief. （ C） Janes new neighbor. （ D） Janes boyfriend. （ A） They might have problems with clear thinking. （ B） They might become angry easily. （ C） They might have trouble controlling their e
44、motions. （ D） They are less likely to become overweight. （ A） They do not perform well at school. （ B） they look more tired. （ C） They look very energetic. （ D） They are easily angry. （ A） They work to prevent adults from sleeping problems. （ B） The group will act on childrens sleep problems. （ C） T
45、hey do research to make children energetic again. （ D） The group provide materials on how to stay healthy. （ A） Married men. （ B） Single men. （ C） Married women. （ D） The whole family. （ A） Because of the rising status of women in society. （ B） Because of the high divorce rate in recent years. （ C）
46、Because of the new standard for husband in Europe. （ D） Because of the collapse of the traditional customs. （ A） It is a website for women to deal with their worries. （ B） It is a website for newly single men to live better. （ C） It is a website for single men to find their beloved ones. （ D） It is
47、a website providing beauty and health tips for women. （ A） It provides practical tips from the perspective of men. （ B） It covers the popular topics in traditional mens magazines. （ C） It has more tips on entertainment guide for single men. （ D） It is popular with both men and women. Section C Direc
48、tions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just h
49、eard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Power distance can be defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is【 B1】 _unequally. It is【 B2】 _in the values of both the less powerful and more powerful members of society. The high power distance cultures are th
