1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 990及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Leading an Economical Life in College. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below： 1许多大学生缺乏节约意识 、理财能力，花钱大手大脚，消费超支严重 2如何应对这一问题 3我的观点 Leading an Ec
2、onomical Life in College 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the inf
3、ormation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Best and Worst Foods for Healthy Weight When it comes to keeping your weight down, a new study by Harvard researchers
4、suggests that the quality of your food matters more than its calorie(卡路里 )count. By instinct.we know that eating a lot of hamburgers and French fries and drinking soda leads to more weight gain than eating fresh fruits, vegetables and brown rice. But in the most comprehensive and detailed study of i
5、ts kind, researchers have figured out exactly how much weight gain is associated with the consumption of certain foods. The worst food for your weight were potato chips, which led to more weight gain per serving(份 )than any other food, the study found. The best food for your weight? Surprisingly, yo
6、gurt. It matters, of course, how many total calories you take in each day, but the authors say the age-old advice simply to “eat less and exercise more“ may be too simple. To control weight over the long term the study suggests that people benefit more by focusing on eating right, rather than less.
7、“For diet, conventional wisdom often recommends everything in moderation, with a focus only on total calories consumed, “says Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, lead author of the study. “Our results demonstrate that the quality of the diet the types of food and drink that one consumes is strongly linked to w
8、eight gain.“ For each extra serving of potato chips eaten in a day, for instance, people gained 1.69 lbs. every four years. Among the other extra-fattening foods the study highlighted: potatoes. Baked, boiled, mashed(捣成泥的 )or French fried, each extra serving of potatoes was associated with an averag
9、e 1. 28-lb. weight gain. So why would potatoes be particularly fattening? Its not clear. Maybe because theyre generally eaten in large quantities, Mozaffarian says, or possibly because, as some previous research has shown, they are the type of food that causes big peaks in blood sugar and insulin(胰岛
10、素 ), which tends to make people hungrier and overeat at their next meal. Other food like white bread, white rice, low-fiber breakfast cereal, candy and desserts may affect the body the same way, he says. The findings are based on data from three large, long-term government-funded trials looking at d
11、iet, lifestyle and health in adults: the Nurses Health Study, the Nurses Health Study II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. The new analysis involves 20 years of data on 120, 877 male and female participants from these three trials. Researchers tracked changes in participants eating and
12、lifestyle habits and weight every four years. Overall, the participants gained 2.4% of their body weight, in each four-year interval. Over the 20 years of follow up, that amounted to a nearly 17-lb. increase on the scale. The data also showed that eating specific high-quality foods was linked with l
13、ess weight gain over time. In fact, the more daily servings people ate of fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains and yogurt, the less weight they gained. The yogurt finding each extra daily serving prevented 0.82lbs. of weight gain was unexpected, Mozaffarian says: “This clearly deserves further att
14、ention to determine if this is cause-and-effect and, if so, why.“ While diet was most strongly associated with weight gain, lifestyle behaviors mattered too. Exercise was a big one; those who most increased the amount they exercised gained 1.76 fewer pounds than those whose exercise patterns changed
15、 the least. Sleep was also a factor; people who slept less than six hours or more than eight hours a night were more likely to gain more weight. And alcohol appeared to be an effective fattener, with each additional drink per day associated with 0. 41 lb. of weight gain every four years. Like severa
16、l other previous studies, the Harvard research found an association between watching TV and ballooning weight. “TV watching has stronger links to weight gain than other activities that involves sitting, “ says Mozaffarian, “likely because it encourages eating both while watching and afterward, due t
17、o the influence of food commercials. Turning off the TV is therefore very important in particular, to improve diet. If TV must be watched, then it should be done without any eating and without any food or drinks advertising.“ The study found that while individual food choices had only modest effects
18、 on weight, diet and lifestyle changes in total accounted for large differences over the long term: people who made the fewest dietary changes gained nearly 4 lbs. more every four years than those who made the most such changes. “Small dietary and other lifestyle changes can together make a big diff
19、erence for bad or good, “ says Mozaffarian.“That makes it very easy to gradually gain weight unintentionally, but also means that a little bit of attention to a handful of dietary and other lifestyle changes can prevent this.“ The point is that you should be thinking about your diet and lifestyle ha
20、bits in a comprehensive way. Healthy changes dont have to be big, but they should be many. It would be wrongheaded to assume that simply cutting out potato chips, and doing nothing else, will magically make you thin though its a good start. On the potato chip finding, Marion Nestle, professor of nut
21、rition at New York University and author of Food Politics, commented that the weight gain associated with chips and potatoes didnt track very closely with what we know about how the typical American eats. For instance, how is it that potatoes were associated with more weight gain than desserts like
22、cakes, cookies and pies, which are the leading source of calories in the average diet? She says it may have less to do with chips per se, and more to do with the fact that people who eat potato chips may eat more calories and more junk overall; conversely, people who eat foods like fruit and yogurt
23、are probably more health-conscious. “I think its likely that potato chips and French fries are markers for junk food diets, and yogurt is a marker for healthy diets, “ says Nestle. The study has some limitations, including that it relied on self-reports of portion size and used different serving siz
24、es between foods. It also included a pretty similar population: white, educated adults. But, in general, Nestle says, the findings echo nutrition experts advice for eating well. “The study has a clear and consistent message: if you want to gain weight, eat junk foods and drink sodas. If you want to
25、maintain a healthy weight, eat healthy foods.“ This means following basic dietary recommendations and choosing relatively unprocessed foods vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, fruits. And dont drink too much alcohol. 2 What does the new study by Harvard researchers indicate? （ A） A new and creative way
26、 of keeping your weight down effectively has been found. （ B） The quality of food plays a more important role in weight control than calorie. （ C） Eating a lot of burgers and French fries leads to more weight gain than eating fruits. （ D） How much weight gain is associated with the consumption of ce
27、rtain foods is unknown. 3 According to the Harvard study, the best keep-fit food will be . （ A） potato chips （ B） burgers and fries （ C） fruits and vegetables （ D） yogurt 4 According to Dr. Darkish Mozaffarian, whats the conventional recommendation on diet? （ A） Eat “everything in excess“. （ B） Main
28、tain high quality diet. （ C） Eat less food and watch calories. （ D） Eat right food, rather than less. 5 What might be the reason why potatoes would be particularly fattening, according to Mozaffarian? （ A） Potatoes do harm to blood sugar and insulin. （ B） Potatoes causes an average 1.28-lb. weight g
29、ain （ C） People usually eat them in large quantities. （ D） Potatoes usually make people feel full easily. 6 The data from three large, long-term government-funded trials shows that eating specific high-quality foods was connected with_. （ A） less weight gain over time （ B） healthy lifestyle behavior
30、s （ C） gaining 17-lb on average （ D） further attention to high-quality foods 7 In terms of lifestyle behaviors, when people increase the amount of exercise, they will_. （ A） maintain their weight （ B） get addicted to alcohol （ C） have sleep problems （ D） gain fewer pounds 8 Among all the sitting act
31、ivities, why does watching TV have the strongest connection with weight gain? （ A） People tend to eat more snacks both during and after watching TV. （ B） There are too much TV programs selling food and drink. （ C） People lack adequate exercising to prevent weight gain. （ D） Watching TV is done with
32、eating all kinds of food and drinking. 9 According to the study, while individual food choices affected weight modestly, over the long term, diet and lifestyle changes in total made_. 10 To control weight, you should consider your diet and lifestyle habits_. 11 One limitation of the study lies in th
33、e fact that the study subjects are restricted to_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onl
34、y once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The woman has trouble meeting her parents. （ B） The woman seldom calls her parents because she hates them. （ C） The man suggests the wom
35、an spend less on clothing. （ D） The man offers to help her return her clothes. （ A） He finds himself fat. （ B） He needs glasses. （ C） He will go for a walk this afternoon. （ D） His school work seems difficult. （ A） He is a brave man. （ B） He is a strong man. （ C） He is a helpful man. （ D） He is an a
36、dventurous man. （ A） The man wants to reschedule his appointment. （ B） The man will wait for Mr. Barkley in the meeting room. （ C） The man is dissatisfied when he finds that Mr. Barkley cant meet him. （ D） The man wishes to have known Mr. Barkley earlier. （ A） Shes surprised at his decision. （ B） Sh
37、es pleased with his decision. （ C） She thinks he is warm-hearted. （ D） Shes angry with him. （ A） Nancy doesnt like going to concerts. （ B） Nancy is busy cleaning the refrigerator. （ C） Nancy is experiencing hard times. （ D） Nancy is making a lot of money. （ A） Being forgotten. （ B） Being identical t
38、o other people. （ C） Being insignificant. （ D） Running certain risks. （ A） In a restaurant. （ B） At a dentists. （ C） In a hotel. （ D） At a railway station. （ A） Tell people how to succeed in academic world. （ B） Collect songs inspired by world famous literature works. （ C） Introduce how to get stude
39、nts interested in reading via music. （ D） Learning how to sing a song adapted from literature. （ A） The middle school or high school the song goes to. （ B） The plot and characters in a literary work. （ C） Whether the songs were available to teachers. （ D） The organization and thread in the related b
40、ooks. （ A） She decided to found the organization before playing the song on the radio. （ B） The unexpected response of her song on the radio inspired the idea. （ C） A lot of e-mails from listeners asked the founder to set up an organization. （ D） She is the first to realize that reading has a big in
41、fluence on academic success. （ A） A player of background music. （ B） A researcher on the function of background music. （ C） A composer of background music. （ D） A fan of background music. （ A） It makes the workers excited. （ B） It helps to reduce workers complaint. （ C） It makes workers spend less t
42、ime having their dinner. （ D） It might make the production increase. （ A） Owners of the factory prefer fast music. （ B） Workers tend to be slower at ten. （ C） Musicians are faster by then. （ D） The broadcasting machine goes wrong. （ A） Fast music cuts the eating time and more people will come to buy
43、. （ B） Slow music helps people enjoy their hamburgers and attracts more people. （ C） Joyful music makes people excited and they eat more. （ D） Sorrowful music keeps people calm and they will buy less. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,
44、you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） He is the greatest artist in the world history. （ B） He was a fraud when he was only a teenager. （ C）
45、 He is a famous lawyer in American history. （ D） He has always been a successful businessman. （ A） He pretended to be a pilot and wrote bad cheques. （ B） He worked in a hospital as a medical doctor. （ C） He served as a lawyer in a government law office. （ D） He luckily escaped from the inspections o
46、f FBI. （ A） He is lonely and unhappy for the rest of his life. （ B） He is now in prison in a foreign country. （ C） He is a successful businessman and helps the law. （ D） He is still trying his best to break the law. （ A） It is facing San Francisco Bay to the south. （ B） It is to the east of the Paci
47、fic Ocean. （ C） It is at the heart of the famous Napa Valley. （ D） It is at the foot of the mountain Sierra Nevada. （ A） The whole city is of a relaxed European style. （ B） You can find good bargains in Nob Hill. （ C） Life in the city is liberal and incredible. （ D） The nightlife is usually peaceful
48、 and quiet there. （ A） Fall is the tourist season. （ B） You can park your car for free in fall. （ C） Fall has the best weather condition and less people. （ D） Fall is never a busy season for tourists in the city. （ A） She was an American astronaut. （ B） She was the first American to travel in space.
49、 （ C） She was the finest teacher in America. （ D） She was an ordinary high-school teacher. （ A） To teach two science lessons. （ B） To introduce the spaceship. （ C） To explain what the astronauts did. （ D） To talk about the advances of the shuttle. （ A） The shuttle did not launch as it was scheduled. （ B） The spaceship exploded shortly after its launch. （ C） The space program was cancelled for some reason. （ D） She never presented in the space program. （ A） She helped to raise peoples interests
