1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 992及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students Self-employment. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1许多大学生选择自主创业 2 原因有很多 3我的看法 College Students Self-employment 二、 Part
2、 II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N
3、 (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Lack of sleep could lead to weight gain Getting too little sleep can have all kinds of negative consequences, including making you angry and harming your
4、driving. A growing body of evidence suggests an addition to that list might be in order: Lack of sleep might also make you fat. The inspiring prospect that sleep duration may play a role in how much we weigh has researchers busily conducting studies to sort out the potential relationship between shu
5、t-eye and BMI. Although it might seem intuitive that under-sleeping leads to overeating, science hasnt yet found a direct cause-and-effect relationship between lack of sleep and being overweight. “There is a very, very strong link, “ says Jim Hill, director of the Colorado Nutrition Obesity Research
6、 Center at the University of Colorado and a spokesman for the American Society for Nutrition. “People with sleep problems tend to have obesity. Why? Thats where the research is.“ In one of the latest studies, Marie-Pierre St-Onge of the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center at St. Lukes-Rooseve
7、lt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people tend to burn the same number of calories in her study, about 2, 600 per day as people who enjoy a full nights sleep. But her research, published in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, found that sleep-deprived subjects consumed
8、 about 300 more calories per day(2, 800 vs. 2, 500)than the well-rested subjects. Because it takes just 3, 500 calories to add a pound to your body, St-Onge says, “if people kept that up for a while, it would add up really, really quickly.“ Still to be determined: Do sleep deficits actually cause pe
9、ople to become overweight? Or does being overweight cause people to not get enough sleep? Or might the two conditions share some potential factor thats not been found? Michael Breus knows those questions need answers. But hes not waiting for all the dots to be connected. Breus.a prominent sleep diso
10、rders specialist, has recently published The Sleep Doctors Diet Plan, Lose Weight Through Better Sleep. As the subtitle suggests, hes convinced that the body responds to too-short sleep by packing on pounds and, conversely, getting more sleep is an effective weight-loss strategy. Breus spells out se
11、veral means by which too little sleep could lead to weight gain. When youre sleep-deprived, he says, your body moves into a different mode. “On a physical level, the key things are hormones, “ Breus says. When you lack sleep, he explains, “your body slows down. Your body is trying to conserve energy
12、 stores“ to carry you through the longer period of wakefulness. That slowdown causes the release of Cortisol(皮质醇 ), a hormone that your body secretes(分泌 )in response to stress and that boosts your appetite: Your body senses it needs more energy, so it demands more food. At the same time, Breus says,
13、 sleep deprivation causes your body to release more ghrelin(生长素 ), the hormone that signals hunger, and less leptin(瘦素 ), the hormone that tells your body its full. When those hormones are not in agreement, your body wants more food and lacks the sensitivity to know when to stop eating. Combined wit
14、h the fact that youre awake for more hours a day, that hormone cocktail can send you snacking into the exciting hours. “The later youre up at night, the greater the likelihood that youre going to eat, “Breus says. And “youre more likely to eat high-fat, high-carb foods.“ Such “comfort foods, “ he sa
15、ys, “literally act like calming agents by increasing serotonin, “ a hormone that promotes calm and contentment. And thats just the hormones. Breus notes that a healthful nights sleep about 7.5 hours for most adults provides opportunity for your body to enjoy five 90-minute sleep cycles, each of whic
16、h includes a deeply restful rapid-eye movement, or REM, phase. As he explains it, those cycles include increasing amounts of REM as your sleep progresses, so losing out on one or two sets of REM at the end of your sleep time digs deep into your total REM time. As it happens, Breus says, you burn mor
17、e calories during REM than in other parts of the sleep cycle. Those unburned calories, he says, can add up to weight gain. Hill agrees that lack of sleep can “really mess up the whole neuroendocrine(神经内分泌 )chain, “ making you eat more by “disrupting the hormones that control hunger and satiety.“ But
18、 he urges caution. “Im convinced sleep deprivation and obesity are linked, but I dont believe the science has proven it.“ “We have to be very careful that were not giving the wrong message, “ Hill says. “I dont think its going to be as simple as you fix the sleep, you fix the obesity.“ Tips for a so
19、und(and slimming?)nights sleep Whether or not science ultimately proves that lack of sleep contributes to being overweight, most of us could benefit from catching more Zs. Sleep disorders specialist Michael Breus suggests these simple steps to sounder sleep: Pick a sleep schedule and keep it consist
20、ent. “If your body knows when to go to bed every single night.it does it, and does it well.“ Exercise daily. “Exercise helps to reduce anxiety, “ one of the main causes of sleep loss. But dont exercise too close to bedtime; stop four hours before lights out. Keep a worry journal. Breus says writing
21、down your worries can reduce anxietys grip. Limit pre-bedtune activity. “The time right before bed should be spent doing three things-, the stuff you need to do to get ready for the next day, such as getting the kids backpacks readyi personal hygiene; and relaxing time.“ Dont consume caffeine after
22、2 p.m. Caffeine can keep you awake eight to 10 hours after you ingest it. Stop drinking three hours before lights out. “Alcohol may make you feel sleepy, but it keeps you out of that deeply restorative stage of sleep.“ First thing in the morning, get 15 minutes of sunlight. “Thats the easiest way to
23、 reset your whole day rhythm, “ the internal system that regulates your sleep. A sleep-inducing smoothie This recipe from Michael Breuss book uses dairys natural relaxant properties and an ideal carb-protein ratio to make you sleepy when consumed shortly before bedtime: 1 container(6 ounces)low-fat
24、vanilla yogurt 1/2 ripe banana, coarsely chopped 1/2 cup fat-free milk 1/4 teaspoon pure vanilla extract 1/4 whole grain cracker, crushed Combine the yogurt, banana, milk and vanilla extract in a blender. Blend until smooth. Pour into a glass. Sprinkle with the whole grain cracker. 2 One newly added
25、 negative consequence of getting too little sleep is_. （ A） making you angry （ B） adding your weight （ C） harming your driving （ D） getting you out of order 3 According to Jim Hill, what is the relationship between lack of sleep and being overweight? （ A） An intuitive relationship. （ B） A direct cau
26、se-and-effect relationship. （ C） A very strong link. （ D） A scientific relationship. 4 Why does St-Onge say people would gain much weight if they keep being sleep-deprived for a while? （ A） Sleep-deprived people consume the same amount of calories as well-rested people. （ B） It takes just 300 calori
27、es to add a pound to your body. （ C） Sleep-deprived people burn less calories than well-rested people. （ D） The 300 more calories sleep-deprived people consume per day raise their weight. 5 In The Sleep Doctors Diet Plan what does Michael Breus fully believe? （ A） Getting more sleep is an effective
28、way to lose weight. （ B） Keeping a good diet plan helps to lose weight. （ C） Too-short sleep makes people eat pounds of food. （ D） Being overweight causes people to not get enough sleep. 6 According to Breus, the release of Cortisol may_. （ A） invite more stress （ B） improve your appetite （ C） conse
29、rve energy stores （ D） demand less food 7 What will happen if sleep deprivation causes ghrelin and leptin in disagreement? （ A） Your body wants more food, not knowing when to stop. （ B） You may stay awake for more hours a day. （ C） Hormone cocktail sends you into the exciting hours. （ D） Your body s
30、ends you signal of being hungry. 8 The reduced total REM time leads to_. （ A） a full nights sleep （ B） five 90-minute cycles （ C） more unburned calories （ D） a deeply restful phase 9 Although convinced lack of sleep and obesity are linked, due to the lack of scientific proof, Hill still urges that p
31、eople need to be_. 10 The first tip sleep disorders specialist Michael Breus suggests is to maintain the sleep schedule_ . 11 When consumed shortly before bedtime, the recipe from Michael Breuss book intends to make you_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and
32、 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and dec
33、ide which is the best answer. （ A） He agrees with the woman. （ B） He hasnt been to a game recently. （ C） He doesnt think the team has been playing well. （ D） He doesnt know much about football. （ A） Shell speak to Bill about the problem. （ B） Bill has apologized to his brother. （ C） Bill and his bro
34、ther should be polite to each other. （ D） Bills brother may be partly responsible for the problem. （ A） It was better than expected. （ B） It was a complete success. （ C） It did not turn out as expected. （ D） It was cancelled. （ A） The man had his breakfast in a hurry. （ B） The man went out in his sw
35、eater. （ C） The man will be late if he doesnt hurry. （ D） The mans appearance shows that hes been in a rush. （ A） She has not applied to any companies yet. （ B） She will begin working in a few weeks. （ C） She does not yet know if a company will accept her. （ D） She is too busy to contact the company
36、 right now. （ A） Her brother borrowed her motorcycle. （ B） Her brother gave her a ride on his motorcycle. （ C） She rode her brothers motorcycle. （ D） She bought her brother a motorcycle. （ A） He also has a very high phone bill this month. （ B） The woman should contact the phone company. （ C） The wom
37、an should make fewer long-distance calls. （ D） Hell help the woman pay her phone bill. （ A） Shes had enough of having to work on her ship. （ B） She needs to work less on her ship than she did in the past. （ C） She would like the man to work on her ship. （ D） She doesnt eat on her ship anymore. （ A）
38、Famous women in the 21th century. （ B） An article she read in the newspaper. （ C） The little known women adventurers. （ D） Brave adventures women took part in. （ A） She once worked for The New York Times. （ B） She is a woman with great determination. （ C） She became the first American pilot. （ D） Sh
39、e was the first person to fly across the English Channel. （ A） She found the right way in the bad weather. （ B） She finally landed safely in France. （ C） Despite the Titanic tragedy.she got famous. （ D） She died in this dangerous adventure. （ A） The relationships between two generations. （ B） Sociol
40、ogists and their statistics. （ C） Peoples involvement in their communities. （ D） What people mean for their society. （ A） Thcy got together less with friends. （ B） They often invited friends over to dinner. （ C） They seldom visited their neighbors. （ D） They used to enjoy the isolated life. （ A） It
41、is a must in reducing community crime. （ B） lt makes more people know each. （ C） It helps promote health care. （ D） It helps people to enjoy a better life. （ A） We need to volunteer more. （ B） We should hold block parties. （ C） We should know our neighbors. （ D） We should surf the Internet. Section
42、B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Call peopl
43、e around April Fool. （ B） Play practical jokes on each other. （ C） Be cautious about people around them. （ D） Get more information from various media. （ A） They were produced by British chain store. （ B） They were genetically engineered food . （ C） Tesco was itself fooled by the provider. （ D） They
44、were said to whistle when fully cooked. （ A） To buy new technology from the TV station. （ B） To adopt a nylon stocking over the screen. （ C） To abandon their black and white TV. （ D） To watch the morning news on April 1st. （ A） Advertise for an upcoming campaign. （ B） Make plans for your future care
45、er. （ C） Introduce easy ways to make money. （ D） Tell people how to save up for a holiday. （ A） They learn to pose for art college students. （ B） They focus on exams in universities. （ C） They express opinions on various subjects. （ D） They take part in brain scans while talking. （ A） They like shop
46、ping, eating out, and staying in hotels. （ B） They are people who use pseudonyms when shopping. （ C） They buy nice cars and star roles in advertising campaign. （ D） They are paid to write about their shopping experience. （ A） It is the cheapest and most convenient way of travelling. （ B） It is the m
47、ost environmentally desirable form of transport. （ C） It is the way of travel full of difficulties and tensions. （ D） It is an enjoyable and cheerful way of transportation. （ A） Deny the danger of sharing the roads with cars. （ B） Give up the use of motor vehicles on the roads. （ C） Try our best to
48、minimize the risk of bicycling. （ D） Ask for better policies for bicycling on the roads. （ A） Frame. （ B） Handlebars. （ C） Seat. （ D） Wheels. （ A） Adjust the handlebars to choose the right one. （ B） Find the proper seat height to ensure a fit bike. （ C） Pick the largest size for your money as you ca
49、n. （ D） Select the largest frame size we can manage. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks
