1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 998及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Primary Schools Offer a Foreign Language Course? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1现在有些小学开设外语课程 2有人认为学习外语越早越好，也有人持反对意见 3我的看法 Sh
2、ould Primary Schools Offer a Foreign Language Course? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the
3、statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Cigarettes Are Enlisted to Test Ways of Quitting When a truck recently delivered 45 000 carto
4、ns of cigarettes to a research company in North Carolina, it was a turning point in the governments war on smoking. These were no ordinary cigarettes, but experimental ones, made of genetically altered tobacco to lower the nicotine content by 97 percent while preserving all the other tastes and smel
5、ls and rituals for smokers of conventional cigarettes. Researchers had been seeking a new and bigger supply because shortages had limited previous studies to just dozens of people. The experimental cigarettes are produced by a Massachusetts company, the 22nd Century Group, which holds 98 patents for
6、 genetic manipulation of tobacco plants to reduce or increase the amount of nicotine in cigarettes. The National Institutes of Health(NIH)bought nine million of these cigarettes, marked “for research purposes only,“ from the 22nd Century Group as part of a broadening scientific effort to find ways t
7、o regulate cigarettes so that they are nonaddictive. The Spectrum brand test cigarettes have eight different levels of nicotine for research, from a nicotine content of 3 percent to 100 percent of the nicotine in the best-selling Marlboro Gold, though a 97 percent reduction is the most common level.
8、 Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the NIH, which oversees the work, called the delivery crucial for the new federal research projects. These include last months award of $2.5 million for the first year of a planned five-year series of studies into threshold(门槛
9、)levels of nicotine addiction and the possible impact of a sharp reduction in nicotine on smoking and public health. One study of the test cigarettes will follow about 500 smokers over six months to determine whether they are more likely to quit if they switch to those cigarettes quickly or graduall
10、y. The research, led by Dorothy K. Hatsukami, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Minnesota, and Eric C. Donny, associate professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh, will use about 1.5 million of the recently acquired cigarettes. For researchers, the availability of a new sup
11、ply of test cigarettes is “a game changer,“ said Mitch Zeller, co-chairman of the Tobacco Harm Reduction Network at the National Cancer Institute and a consultant on nicotine replacement products. “Its still all about the nicotine. Only now we have the power to do something about it. “ At the same t
12、ime, officials in the $80 billion tobacco industry have warned of unexpected side effects from addiction withdrawal and black market products, complex issues the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)will have to study in considering regulation. Under a 2009 law giving the FDA authority over tobacco prod
13、ucts, the agency cannot ban nicotine, but can require that it be reduced to extremely low levels if that is proved to benefit public health. “We really need to have good science to determine whether this might be a product standard, and to have good science, we need reduced-nicotine cigarettes,“ sai
14、d Dr. Hatsukami, who is also a member of the FDA Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee. Her work stalled when companies stopped making very-low-nicotine cigarettes. “In the middle of a study, we dont have the cigarettes,“ she said. “No one has ever sought FDA approval of a cigarette as a me
15、dical device,“ Joseph Pandolfino, the founder and chief executive of 22nd Century, said in an interview. Preliminary studies show smokers can have an easier time quitting if they cut down on the nicotine while still being able to do all the other things they do with cigarettes, he said, but larger s
16、tudies are needed. The growing industry of quit-smoking products has not further dented(削减 )the rather steady rate of smoking recently in the United States, which has stayed at about 20 percent since 2004 after years of notable decline. A new crop of electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco produ
17、cts seem aimed more at getting smokers through smoke-free times rather than quitting. Earlier this month, the FDA and NIH also announced they were starting a $ 118 million study to track about 44 000 people over five years to assess usage trends, risk perception, quit-smoking attempts and the possib
18、le impact of new tobacco regulations. In 2006, a federal judge found that tobacco companies had designed cigarettes to precisely control the amount of nicotine and provide doses sufficient for addiction, while concealing much of their nicotine research. They marketed so-called light cigarettes, whic
19、h delivered a lower dose to smoking machines because of holes in the filter, but the same dose or worse to smokers who compensated by covering the holes with their lips and drawing harder. In two small studies by Dr. Hatsukami and Dr. Benowitz, the genetically altered cigarettes were found to defeat
20、 the phenomenon of smoker “compensation.“ But researchers said they needed much more evidence. Tests so far on the experimental cigarettes are encouraging enough that Dr. Hatsukami is going into a Phase 3 clinical trial. That means Phase 2 trials have proven effectiveness on humans. Phase 3 measures
21、 both effectiveness and safety. 22nd Century is also planning to start Phase 3 trials next year. The studies are examining gradual or rapid reductions of nicotine. In a regulated marketplace, the government could set limits on nicotine and ratchet down(逐步减少 ). And teenagers could still experiment wi
22、th cigarettes, as they are wont to do, without getting addicted. “Its a hot topic,“ said Clifford E. Douglas, director of the University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network. “But as difficult as menthol(薄荷醇 )has been, nicotine will be more difficult, because its not 15 million smokers, its every sm
23、oker in the United States.“ The FDAs advisory panel has not put nicotine pn its agenda yet, which is why Dr. Gregory N. Connolly, a Harvard professor of public health and antismoking advocate, said he resigned from the FDA panel in December. “After 50 years of knowing cigarettes cause cancer, its ni
24、ce to know we have a supply we can investigate,“ Dr. Connolly said. “But the real issue is the FDA should have begun a process two years ago to see if we can eliminate nicotine in cigarettes, at least for children. If we can put a man on the moon, we can get rid of nicotine. “ 2 The experimental cig
25、arettes differed from traditional ones in that they_. （ A） contained greatly reduced nicotine content （ B） had distinctive tastes, smells and rituals （ C） were widely applied to the war against smoking （ D） were designed to do less harm to smokers 3 The NIH purchased large quantities of experimental
26、 cigarettes aiming to_. （ A） obtain the patents held by the 22nd Century Group （ B） work out ways of making cigarettes nonaddictive （ C） make up for the severe shortages of ordinary cigarettes （ D） develop new brand cigarettes for heavy smokers 4 What did Mitch Zeller mean by “a game changer“? （ A）
27、The new supply of test cigarettes favors the research into nicotine. （ B） Researchers now take a new look at the effects of nicotine. （ C） Smokers may change their habit of smoking gradually. （ D） Nicotine in cigarettes has been replaced with other products. 5 The 2009 law entitles the FDA to_. （ A）
28、 put an end to the nicotine present in cigarettes （ B） get rid of negative effects of nicotine addiction （ C） develop new products beneficial to public health （ D） require the reduction of the nicotine content 6 Dr. Hatsukamis study stalled halfway because_. （ A） it was hard to set a proper product
29、standard （ B） tobacco companies objected to the study （ C） reduced-nicotine cigarettes were not available （ D） smokers involved in the study refused to cooperate 7 We learn from the passage that before 2004 the rate of smoking in America_. （ A） remained considerably steady （ B） went into sharp decli
30、ne （ C） was on the increase （ D） stayed at over 20 percent 8 What effect did light cigarettes have on the smokers? （ A） They delivered a lower dose of nicotine to the smokers. （ B） Smokers could depend on them to cut down on cigarettes. （ C） They had the same or larger amount of nicotine to the smok
31、ers. （ D） The holes in their filters stopped much nicotine. 9 While the genetically altered cigarettes proved to defeat smoker “compensation“, researchers still needed_. 10 Dr. Gregory N. Connolly resigned from the FDA panel probably because of the panels delay to_ 11 Dr. Connolly believed that a pr
32、ocess should have been started to see if nicotine in cigarettes_ Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will
33、 be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） In a bank. （ B） In a school. （ C） In a lawyers office. （ D） In a department store. （ A） Stop his car for a drink. （ B） Hav
34、e a rest at once. （ C） Drive directly to the hotel. （ D） Have a drink in the hotel. （ A） The research lab is far away. （ B） The research lab is closed. （ C） She does not know how late the buses run. （ D） She does not know the way to the research lab. （ A） Go to a meeting for the handicapped. （ B） De
35、sign a uniform for the meeting. （ C） Do some charity in the meeting. （ D） Look for a job in the meeting. （ A） It is the second time he takes an art history class. （ B） Art history books are more expensive than chemistry books. （ C） He can lend the woman his art history book. （ D） He thinks the woman
36、 should take art history. （ A） The noise will be gone soon. （ B） The man has finished using the printer. （ C） The noise does not bother the man. （ D） The woman turned off the printer. （ A） She has known about the quiz. （ B） She knows who started the rumor. （ C） She is surprised by what the man said.
37、 （ D） She is behind in her course work. （ A） She should invest in the project. （ B） She should invest in the project under sufficient conditions. （ C） She shouldnt invest in the project. （ D） She should listen to some professional opinions. （ A） She didnt like newspapers. （ B） She worried about the
38、wasting paper. （ C） She didnt have enough money. （ D） She had no interest in news. （ A） From newspapers. （ B） From the woman. （ C） From magazines. （ D） From the Internet. （ A） He prefers reading online. （ B） He likes holding books. （ C） He prefers reading real books. （ D） He never reads books. （ A）
39、He comes to change his cassette player. （ B） He plans to have his cassette player repaired. （ C） He wants to complain about his cassette player. （ D） He comes to buy a new cassette player. （ A） Because the mans guarantee is out of date. （ B） Because the man ruined it himself. （ C） Because the man bo
40、ught the cassette in another shop. （ D） Because the cassette player is not defective. （ A） The man can only get a free repair within three months of his purchase. （ B） The cassette player is guaranteed for half a year. （ C） The man can get a free repair within one year of his purchase. （ D） The man
41、can change for a new cassette player within ten days. （ A） Impolite but helpful. （ B） Kind and flexible. （ C） Polite and disciplined. （ D） Flexible and helpful. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the p
42、assage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） How to select a can of tomatoes. （ B） How to prepare nutritious and delicious meals. （ C） How to spend money wisely on food. （ D） How to shop
43、 with young children. （ A） Make a shopping list before go to the store. （ B） Dont buy food that looks delicious. （ C） Buy the food in larger size. （ D） Buy famous-brand products. （ A） To find out whether there is a sale on certain food. （ B） To find out what food is expensive. （ C） To find the food
44、you need. （ D） To find out what is the nutritious food. （ A） Expecting the child to be a genius. （ B） Being ambitious and unrealistic. （ C） Being ambitious and sensible. （ D） Always setting a high standard for the child. （ A） The mother knows very little about music. （ B） Both of them are successful
45、 educators. （ C） They never force Winston to enter music competitions. （ D） They want their son to be a successful musician. （ A） His parents arc unsuccessful musicians. （ B） His parents expect too low of him. （ C） He is always afraid that he will let his parents down. （ D） He knows very little abou
46、t music. （ A） A writer of books for children. （ B） A poet of poems for children. （ C） A composer for childrens music. （ D） An artist for childrens drawings. （ A） Children. （ B） Adults. （ C） Old people. （ D） People of all ages. （ A） A boy and a lion. （ B） A boy and a tree. （ C） A hunter and a lion. （
47、 D） A lion and a tree. （ A） It was published in 1963. （ B） It contains over 100 drawings. （ C） It has sold more than five million copies. （ D） It has creative and funny content. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, y
48、ou should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blan
49、ks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 One feature of newfound wealth in the developing world has been the embrace of Western luxury labels. But since the global economy【 B1】 _apart, the rich classes have cooled their【 B2】 _on Chanel handbags and Gucci shoes. That doesnt【 B3】 _theyve given up luxury fashion altogether. They are turning to smaller, local designers who develop homemade luxury brands and【 B4】 _ with world famous brands by p
