1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 99及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should College Students Take Part-time Jobs, You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline. 1. 人们对大学生打工的不同看法 2. 大学生究竟是否应该打工 二、 Part II Re
2、ading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for
3、NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 SURVIVING IN SPACE Motion sickness troubles more than two thirds of all astronauts upon reaching orbit, even veteran test pilots who have never been airsick. Th
4、ough everyone recovers after a few days in space, body systems continue to change. Deprived(丧失 ) of gravity information, a confused brain creates visual illusions. Body fluids surge to chest and head. The heart enlarges slightly, as do other organs. Sensing too much fluid, the body begins to dischar
5、ge it, including calcium, electrolytes(电解液 ) and blood plasma(血浆 ). The production of red blood cells decreases, rendering astronauts slightly anaemic(贫血的 ). With the loss of fluid, legs shrink. Spinal(脊骨的 ) discs expand, and so does the astronaut who may gain five centimeters and suffer backache. T
6、hough the process may sound terrible, astronauts adjust to it, come to enjoy it and seem no worse for wear at least for short missions such as space shuttle flights that last a week or two. During longer flights, however, physiology enters an unknown realm. As director of Russias Institute for Biome
7、dical Problems from 1968 to 1988, Oleg Gazenko watched cosmonauts return from long flights unable to stand without fainting, needing to be carried from the spacecraft. “We are creatures of the Earth“, Gazenko told me. “These changes are the price of a ticket to space“. Americans, returning from mont
8、hs-long flights on Mir, the Russian space station, also paid the price, suffering losses in weight, muscle mass and bone density. NASA geared up to see how even if humans would survive the most demanding of space ventures, a mission to Mars, which could last up to three years. “We dont even know if
9、a broken bone will heal in space,“ said Daniel Goldin, NASAs administrator. To get answers in 1997 Goldin established the National Space Biomedical Research Institute(NSBRI), a panel of experts from a dozen leading universities and research institute. NSBRI will Study biomedical problems and by 2010
10、 will present NASA with a “go“ or “no go“ recommendation on a Mars mission. Jeffrey Sutton, leader of the medical systems team at the NSBRI, has treated the head trauma, wounds, kidney stones and heart rhythm irregularities that one could encounter on the way to Mars. On the spacecraft he envisions,
11、 Mars-bound in the year, say, 2018, there may lurk harmful bacteria or carbon monoxide. No problem. The deadly substances will be detected by smart sensors microprocessors no bigger than a thumbnail that wander at will through the spacecraft, communicating their finds to a computer that warns the cr
12、ew. To cope with infection, Sutton plans a factory to make drugs, even new ones, to cope with possible organisms on Mars. Miniature optical and ultrasound devices will image body and brain, while a small X-ray machine keeps track of any bone loss. Smart sensors embedded in clothing will monitor an a
13、stronauts vital functions. The crew will be able to craft body parts, Sutton says, precisely tooled to an astronauts personal anatomy and genome stored in computer memory. Re searchers are building artificial liver, bone and cartilage(软骨 ) tissue right now. Lying in wait beyond the Earths atmosphere
14、, solar radiation poses additional problems. The sun flings billions of tons of electrically charged gas into space, relegating Earths volcanic eruptions to mere hiccups. Nevertheless, NASA officials are confident the accurate monitoring will warn astronauts of such events, allowing the crew to take
15、 refuge in an area where polyethylene(聚乙烯 ) shielding will absorb the radiation. A second kind of radiation, cosmic rays from the Milky Way or other galaxies, is a more serious threat possessing too much energy, too much speed for shielding to be effective. “Theres no way you can avoid them,“ says F
16、rancis Cxucinotta, manager of NASAs Johnson Space Centre. “They pass through tissue, striking cells and leaving them unstable, mutilated or dead. Under standing their biological effects is a priority.“ Another major concern is the psychological health of astronauts. And theres a new stressor on a th
17、ree-year Mars Mission-people, other members of the crew. NASA found that the stresses of isolation and confinement can be brought on rapidly simply by giving people few tasks. Mir astronaut Andrew Thomas described how six astronauts were confined in a 12-foot square room for a week. “If you give the
18、m little to do, stress can be achieved in a couple of days,“ says Thomas. Will NSBRI meet Daniel Goldins 2010 deadline for a decision on Mars? “Yes, we will per haps even before. Were very confident,“ says Laurence Young, the director of NABRI. Meanwhile, some of NSBRIs research may bear fruit on Ea
19、rth. The institute has made one discovery that promises to save many people at risk of sudden cardiac death, usually brought on by a heart rhythm disorder Called ventricular fibrillation. This kills 225,000 people in the US each year. Richard Cohen, head of the NSBRI cardiovascular(心血管的 ) team, expl
20、ained that zero gravity may emphasizing “may“ incite this condition in astronauts. So the team invented a non invasive diagnostic device that measures extremely tiny changes in heart rhythm. The team found that the device can be used as part of a standard stress test to identify patients at risk. Th
21、en pace maker-like devices can be implanted to regulate the rhythm disorder. “This technology has the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives,“ says Cohen. “NASA can be proud.“ Such discoveries are no accident, says Michael E. DeBakey, a cardiovascular surgeon who has saved many hearts hims
22、elf. “The key word is research. When I was a medical student and a patient came to the hospital with a heart attack, things were mostly a matter of chance. Today theres a better than 95 per cent chance of surviving. Now that all comes from research. The unfortunate thing is that there are people, ev
23、en some scientists, who look at the money that goes to NASA and we could use the money to support our work. Thats very short-sighted. The more research thats done ii1 any area of science, the better off everyone is going to be.“ 2 Everyone who travels in space suffers from feelings of motion sicknes
24、s initially. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Astronauts are likely to increase in height while in space. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Its important for astronauts to exercise in order to keep their muscles fit. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Scientists have found a way of protecting astronauts from solar radiation. （ A
25、） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 If astronauts are given tasks to do, they quickly begin to suffer from stress. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Scientists aim to develop technology that can recognize psychological states. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The passage mainly describes the psychological health risks during the voy
26、age to Mars. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 In the US each year, sudden cardiac death, caused by a heart-rhythm disturbance called ventricular fibrillation results in the deaths of _. 10 What was devised by the team led by Richard Cohen to extremely tiny changes in heart rhythm is _. 11 _ says research car
27、ried out by NASA is ultimately beneficial for everyone. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoke
28、n only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） A furnished house. （ B） A recent book. （ C） A refinished cellar. （ D） A new record. （ A） In a railway station. （ B） In a bus termin
29、al. （ C） In a hotel room. （ D） In a restaurant. （ A） The police want to talk to the main actor. （ B） The main actor forgot to come. （ C） The main actor is delayed by traffic. （ D） The actor is busy buying jam on his way. （ A） He doesnt know it at all. （ B） He doesnt want to tell her. （ C） He cant re
30、member it. （ D） He never remembers numbers. （ A） Bob is too tired to study any more. （ B） He told Bob not to study late at night. （ C） Bob didnt hear the alarm. （ D） He had often advised Bob to study. （ A） It is in the center of the campus. （ B） It has information about the campus. （ C） It should ha
31、ve a map of the city. （ D） It Probably has a campus map. （ A） The room is too small for the audience. （ B） The show is very difficult to understand. （ C） The light in the room is not bright enough. （ D） The crowd is Very noisy. （ A） Look for her wallet. （ B） Quickly buy a new wallet in a store. （ C）
32、 Pay for the meal. （ D） Come out just as soon as she takes her wallet. （ A） A recording artist. （ B） A French teacher. （ C） A student. （ D） A teaching assistant. （ A） It needs to have more French lesson tapes. （ B） It needs to have its controls repaired. （ C） It is different from all the other labor
33、atories. （ D） It can be operated rather easily. （ A） Change her class schedule. （ B） Fill out a job application. （ C） Organize tapes on the shelves. （ D） Work on the French lessons. （ A） He cant find his office key. （ B） He has misplaced some exams. （ C） He is unable to speak. （ D） He doesnt like hi
34、s classroom. （ A） Mark the latest homework assignment. （ B） Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door. （ C） Make an appointment with the doctor. （ D） Return some exams to his students. （ A） Teach Davids class while he is absent. （ B） Give Professor Winston the key to Davids office. （ C） Leave
35、a message on the board in Davids classroom. （ D） Bring David the homework that was due today. （ A） To put the homework on Davids desk. （ B） To leave the master key for David. （ C） To give Davids students the next assignment. （ D） To call David at the end of the afternoon. Section B Directions: In th
36、is section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 4,500. （ B） 4,000. （ C） 3,500
37、. （ D） 3,000. （ A） It is the largest language family. （ B） It was originated 4, 900 years ago. （ C） It contains all the languages spoken in Europe. （ D） Many of the present-day European and Indian languages are modern forms of it. （ A） Peoples interest in how languages began. （ B） Languages today an
38、d past. （ C） The important language families. （ D） The English language in constant change. （ A） At the end of November. （ B） In the middle of November. （ C） At the beginning of December. （ D） In the middle of December （ A） It is not religious any more. （ B） The holiday becomes such big business. （
39、C） People forget it was created to honor the birth of Christ. （ D） People go to parties, buy fine gifts and decorate the room. （ A） Go traveling. （ B） Help each other. （ C） Go to work. （ D） Play games. （ A） Radio. （ B） Television. （ C） Newspapers. （ D） Books and magazines. （ A） People all over the w
40、orld. （ B） Two billion people. （ C） Two and a half million people. （ D） Half the people in the world. （ A） Television has been very effective in spreading news. （ B） Vietnam War was the first live broadcast of TV. （ C） Television can even change the way a government acts. （ D） Television did more to
41、 end the Vietnam War than radio. （ A） To show the media is a way of modern life. （ B） To compare and contrast radio and television. （ C） To illustrate the effect of modern media, especially TV. （ D） To prove America made a mistake in Vietnam. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a pa
42、ssage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 yo
43、u are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts 【 B1】 _ the answer
44、is to make jobs more 【 B2】 _ . There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more 【 B3】 _, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is 【 B4】 _, the variety is not an important 【 B5】 _. Other experts feel that giving the worker fr
45、eedom to do his job is important. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its 【 B6】 _ machinery which must be used in a 【 B7】 _ way. Another important consideration is how much each worker 【 B8】 _ to the product he is making. In most factories the w
46、orker sees only one small part of the product. 【 B9】_, so that each worker does more to the production of the cars on his line. To what extent more money led to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. 【 B10】 _. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more.
47、 A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, 【 B11】_. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with
48、 ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with
49、 a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 48 With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous(人口多的 ) countries. But since China launched a family planning program in 1971, India has been 【 S1】 _ the gap. Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly as much as the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, Indias population
