1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 100及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Prevent the Spread of Epidemics? You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. How to Prevent the Spread of Epidemics? Section A （ A） She wants
2、 to invite the man to Boston. （ B） She prefers to have dinner at her own home. （ C） She cannot join in the dinner with the man. （ D） She would rather try a dinner of another style. （ A） At a hospital. （ B） In a car. （ C） On a plane. （ D） At home. （ A） She will go back home soon. （ B） She needs help
3、from the man. （ C） She feels bad about the delay. （ D） She wants to cancel the flight. （ A） Jenny is not an acquaintance of the womans. （ B） The mans sister doesnt like Jenny at all. （ C） Jenny doesnt want to come to the party. （ D） The woman doesnt like the way Jenny talks. （ A） The man doesnt like
4、 the coat except for its color. （ B） The man doesnt like the coat, especially its color. （ C） The man likes the coat but not the color. （ D） The man likes the coat, particularly the color. （ A） The man should take her words seriously. （ B） She is regretful the man recovers too slowly. （ C） The man s
5、hould not drink much when he is ill. （ D） She is unhappy for not being invited to the Smiths. （ A） He has been working outdoors lately. （ B） Hed like to get some exercise on weekend. （ C） He is a good tennis player. （ D） He rarely uses his computer. （ A） Her classmate. （ B） Her teacher. （ C） Her bos
6、s. （ D） Her colleague. （ A） Consult the man about investment strategy. （ B） Draw a large amount of money. （ C） Ask the man for financial advice. （ D） Open some bank accounts. （ A） Daily expenses. （ B） Big expenses. （ C） Holidays. （ D） Education fee. （ A） Her ID card and passport. （ B） Her personal r
7、eferences. （ C） Her social security number. （ D） Her cover letter. （ A） A salesman. （ B） A real estate agent. （ C） A bank clerk. （ D） A consultant. （ A） It is of good quality. （ B） It works well. （ C） It is pretty huge. （ D） Its not functioning. （ A） He thinks its a good bargain. （ B） He finds its j
8、ust what he needs. （ C） He will use it more often than before. （ D） He considers it as a symbol of wealth. （ A） Rearrange its place. （ B） Return it to the store. （ C） Sell it to her. （ D） Give it to his friend. Section B （ A） Markets where birds like parrots are sold. （ B） Zoos where there are no ex
9、perts to manage the birds. （ C） Owners who cannot handle their pets. （ D） Forests where birds get wounded. （ A） He likes changes in life. （ B） He wants the birds to enjoy more music. （ C） He tries to prevent the parrots imitating the tone. （ D） He is not sure which tone is the best. （ A） Restricting
10、 the number of visitors. （ B） Raising money for his expanding operation. （ C） Accumulating wealth for himself. （ D） Raising money to support his study. （ A） The Washington Federation of Teachers. （ B） The National Labor Union. （ C） The American Federation of Teachers. （ D） The Washington Labor Union
11、. （ A） The influence from Asian countries. （ B） The growing competition from foreign students. （ C） The growing competition for entrance into top universities. （ D） The teachers need of extra income from the tutoring. （ A） The Federal government. （ B） Students parents. （ C） The school administrators
12、. （ D） The Teachers Association. （ A） The changing of weather. （ B） The health of teenagers. （ C） Energy drinks and their nutrition. （ D） The danger of energy drinks. （ A） Protein. （ B） Calcium. （ C） Zinc. （ D） Vitamin. （ A） Students and housewives. （ B） Athletes and trainers. （ C） Young people and
13、busy people. （ D） Singers and teachers. （ A） Cautious. （ B） Supportive. （ C） Opposed. （ D） Relieved. Section C 26 Todays lecture is on the subject of Pronunciation Achievement Factors. As an introduction we should ask ourselves three questions. Why should it be difficult for adults to learn【 B1】 _pr
14、onunciation in a foreign language? Secondly, why do some people achieve better results than others? And thirdly, what factors【 B2】 _ who will achieve good pronunciation? There have been several research studies【 B3】 _ factors that affect performance. Firstly, and perhaps the most significant, was th
15、e mother tongue. The closer the students own language is to English to【 B4】 _, the greater the chance of high achievement. Secondly, the learners【 B5】 _towards pronunciation makes a difference: Students who believe in the importance of pronunciation tend to make more progress. Thirdly, conversation
16、with native speakers of the language has strong【 B6】 _effects on pronunciation. Fourthly, and possibly the least important, was the students own natural ability. A good ear and the ability to【 B7】 _help, but are far less significant than the other three factors. Two other factors were tested but fou
17、nd to be of little overall importance: the sex of the student and the【 B8】 _ whether the learner is outgoing or shy. What conclusions can【 B9】 _these studies? We cant change the first factor the mother tongue but we can control the second and third. Therefore, we have【 B10】_influence over our own pr
18、ogress with pronunciation. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Official health advice that said household chores help keep you active has been proved wrong by the research, which shows that the people who do the most housework are a
19、lso the most overweight. A study of the physical activity habits of 4,563 adults, carried out by Professor Marie Murphy at the University of Ulster found that women and older people were particularly likely to list “【 C1】 _physical activity as a significant proportion of their moderate to【 C2】 _phys
20、ical activity“. Murphy said: “We found housework was reversely【 C3】 _to leanness, which suggests that either people are overestimating the amount of moderate-intensity physical activity they do through housework or are eating too much to【 C4】 _for the amount of activity undertaken.“ Kevin Fenton, di
21、rector of health and wellbeing at Public Health England, suggested the study could【 C5】 _evidence that some people thought they were healthier than they actually were. “At an individual level there may be a【 C6】 _to overestimate the level of good behaviour were doing and this is reflected when peopl
22、e use food diaries, pedometers(计步器 )or apps to measure more【 C7】 _what they have achieved.“ he said. But he defended everyday tasks as genuinely useful. He added: “From an individual【 C8】 _, physical activities such as housework, doing the shopping and walking to collect children from school, can ha
23、ve【 C9】 _impacts on physical and mental wellbeing. People who are even more active will often see greater benefits and it is important to recognise that healthy weight is just one of the potential【 C10】 _of physical activity.“ A)gentle B)perspective C)positive D)causes E)objectively F)compensate G)p
24、ractically H)account I)adjusted J)related K)reinforce L)tendency M)outcomes N)vigorous O)domestic 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk? A)When the pain reliever Vioxx was withd
25、rawn from the worldwide market last September after the announcement that it increased patients risk of heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx “victims“. Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx but, doctors say, many people s
26、topped taking their other medicines, too sometimes putting their health at serious risk. The sometimes-sensationalized headlines didnt help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctors? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken? B)Americans have somehow com
27、e to believe they should get the best medical care with the latest remedies with no side effects. But there is no drug that doesnt have side effects. Peter Corr, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says, “As a society we expect medicine to be perfect. There is no
28、such thing. There is always a risk.“ C)Since there is no such thing as a pill that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy(一分为二 )that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us; some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others
29、are able to cause death. So how should you and your doctor proceed? 1. Weigh the risks and benefits of any drug. D)As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is “safe enough“ for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very both
30、ersome, you may decide that any risk is too big and opt against taking any medications at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects. E)Zena McAdams, 59, a regional c
31、lergyman in Macon, Georgia, has lived with a condition that causes chronic pain for many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen(布洛芬 , 一种镇痛非处方药 ), “I mean lots of it,“ she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was “remarkable,“ she says. “I took it
32、 every day till it was taken off the market.“ F)After speaking to her doctor, she switched to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doc
33、tor, weighed the risks versus the benefits and decided that her quality of life was most important. “There is always that nasty feeling about safety,“ she says, “but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The dr
34、ug works. It eases the pain.“ 2. Be especially cautious about new drugs. G)New drugs are inherently risky. So if youre taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated(焦虑不安的 )? Have your breathing patterns or skin colo
35、r changed? If so, call your doctor immediately, who may tell you to stop taking the drug. How does a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist(药剂师 ). If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety. If you ar
36、e taking a drug in the same class as one that has been recalled, it is careful to ask your doctor if that drug places you at greater risks. 3. Know if youre in a high-risk group. H)Although scientists still dont know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular
37、dose of a drug, while others dont. Men metabolize(新陈代谢 )drugs differently than women do, for example. Be especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually arent tested on these groups. “I worry the most about the elderly,“ says Avorn. “They are vastly under-represented i
38、n trials of drugs, yet they are the most likely to be taking the drugs when they are approved.“ 4. Ask the right questions. I)When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctors surgery without a clear understanding of why youre taking the drug, how to take it, and how youll know if its working
39、. Even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable, ask. You are responsible for your own health and safety. “If the doctor doesnt want to answer questions, you should probably find another doctor,“ says Avorn. After your visit, if you still have questions, call or e-mail the doctor. Use your pharmacist as
40、an expert consultant for any additional concerns you have about the drug or its side effects. J)You can ask the pharmacist for the professional package insert for the drug, says Corr. Although its written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, i
41、f theres been a label change, with new information about the drug or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI(保险证明 ). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug companys toll-free number fo
42、r more information, or go to its website. 5. Be informed, and follow directions carefully. K)Check that the pills you receive are the correct ones. Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: Its easy to confuse products with similar names(for example, Zantac and Xanax). Read the instructions a
43、nd take your pills exactly as prescribed. Be alert for expiration dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings. Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC(over the counter). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For example, Posicor, an anti-hyperten
44、sive drug(治疗高血压的药 ), was taken off the market because it could cause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions. L)It is vitally important that patients and
45、their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these signals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives. 47 Among drugs with equal effect, you should choose the one with a longer safety re
46、cord. 48 Information on clinical trials and side effects of a drug can be found in its professional package insert. 49 When Posicor is used with other heart medications, it may lead to sharp drop of blood pressure. 50 Patients with a minor illness are the least likely to try drugs with serious side
47、effects. 51 If patients and doctors can provide appropriate feedback to drug manufacturers, many lives could be saved. 52 Avorn worries about the elderly most because they usually arent included in the trials of new drugs. 53 Drugs with similar names may result in errors of medication dispensing. 54
48、 According to Peter Corr, every drug has certain kind of side effects. 55 For many years, Zena McAdams had to take medicines to control chronic pain. 56 It is suggested that we should change the doctor if he/she doesnt want to answer the questions about drug usage. Section C 56 By and large, married
49、 people appear to have better health than their single peers. However, if the marriage ends, that healthy edge tends to disappear, with divorced and separated people reporting one of the highest rates of illness. Now, a new study published in the May issue of the Journal of Marriage and Family shows that co-habitating(同居的 )couples also experience a decrease in health after splitting up. “Leaving a co-habitation, like a marriage, tends to have a harmful ef
