1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 102及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of peoples practice of forwarding best wishes messages and then express your views on this practice
2、. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） He enjoys phoning home every week. （ B） He never fails to phone home weekly. （ C） He phones home more often now. （ D） He has been asked to phone home every week. （ A） She has got an appointment. （ B） She has to go to sch
3、ool. （ C） She has to work. （ D） She wants to eat in a new restaurant. （ A） The teacher postponed the meeting. （ B） There wont be an exam this afternoon. （ C） The students will be attending the meeting. （ D） The students will have a physical examination. （ A） On the whole, the woman liked the film. （
4、 B） The woman didnt see the film. （ C） The film was very exciting. （ D） The film wasnt as good as the womand expected. （ A） The man wants to go to Tokyo. （ B） The man wants to go to Shanghai. （ C） There are 4 flights to Tokyo for the rest of the day. （ D） There are two direct flights to Tokyo within
5、 the next 4 hours. （ A） He went to see his cousin. （ B） He was held up in traffic. （ C） His car ran out of gas. （ D） He had a traffic accident. （ A） The woman should have finished her project by now. （ B） The woman should work on her work for one more week. （ C） The woman shouldnt have spent a week
6、on her project. （ D） The woman has been working at a very slow pace. （ A） He got his two tickets back from Jim yesterday. （ B） He was fined for violating traffic rules twice. （ C） He was late for work because he went back twice. （ D） He didnt see the sign because of the dim light. （ A） Read the pape
7、rs. （ B） Sort out letters. （ C） Go for a jog. （ D） Have a meeting. （ A） Having regular morning meetings. （ B） Going shopping with his wife. （ C） Having evening dinner at home. （ D） Having interview with journalists. （ A） Have monthly board meetings with shareholders. （ B） Have a dinner engagement wi
8、th customers. （ C） Plan the agenda for the next few days. （ D） Have weekly management committee meetings. （ A） He wants to find out their professors phone number. （ B） He wants to help the woman with her math homework. （ C） He wants to seek help in doing his math homework. （ D） He wants to know what
9、 the math assignment is. （ A） Tonight. （ B） In two hours. （ C） Tomorrow. （ D） In a few minutes. （ A） He didnt expect the assignment to be so hard. （ B） He has already consulted his professor. （ C） He and the woman often work together. （ D） He is generally a good student. （ A） She thinks its too late
10、 to help him. （ B） She agrees to work with him. （ C） She offers to do the assignment for him. （ D） She will ask help from their professor. Section B （ A） He ran a village shop. （ B） He worked on a farm. （ C） He worked in an advertising agency. （ D） He was a gardener. （ A） It was stressful. （ B） It w
11、as colorful. （ C） It was peaceful. （ D） It was boring. （ A） His desire to start his own business. （ B） The crisis in his family life. （ C） His dream of living in the countryside. （ D） The decline in his health. （ A） The relationship between brain size and intelligence is unquestionable. （ B） People
12、with small brains may be highly intelligent as well. （ C） Einstein was the only exception of the brain size and intelligence relationship. （ D） It is meaningless to study the relationship between brain size and intelligence. （ A） In the 1830s. （ B） In the 1930s. （ C） In the 1860s. （ D） In the 1960s.
13、 （ A） Adults and women tend to be more intelligent. （ B） Women on average have the same mental level with men. （ C） Women tend to score lower than men in intelligence tests. （ D） Women are generally more intelligent than men. （ A） Children were more likely to drink too much soda. （ B） Attention prob
14、lems had nothing to do with age and sex. （ C） Drinking soda might lead to aggressive behaviors. （ D） Signs of aggression were shown mainly by boys. （ A） Taking part in fights. （ B） Laughing at others. （ C） Consuming soft drinks. （ D） Attacking animals. （ A） Childrens friends. （ B） Parenting styles.
15、（ C） Sleeping habits. （ D） Learning conditions. （ A） Caffeine. （ B） Sex. （ C） Sweets. （ D） Characters. Section C 26 Juice may be tasty, but its not really that nourishing. While orange juice is an【 B1】 _ source of vitamin C, it doesnt contain a significant amount of other minerals and vitamins. What
16、s more, 【 B2】 _ juice consumption can cause all kinds of problems. This is especially troubling when you【 B3】 _ that children are the ones drinking most of the juice in this country. When you drink juice, youre getting【 B4】 _ water and carbohydrates(碳水化合物 ). And if you drink too much, the high carbo
17、hydrate【 B5】 _ can cause unease. Plus, juice has as many calories as soda, and, like soda, has been linked to the obesity(肥胖 )epidemic【 B6】 _ in our country. Also, for children, juice often【 B7】 _ milk because it tastes better. Children who dont drink enough milk are more likely to suffer from calci
18、um and vitamin D deficiencies, which, in some parts of the country, are in fact【 B8】 _. Finally, keeping a juice bottle in your mouth for a long time can promote tooth decay. The key to juice intake is moderation. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that children under six should not drink m
19、ore than six ounces of juice a day, and that older children shouldnt drink more than twelve ounces. All children should be【 B9】_ to go straight to the source and eat whole fruit, which contains more nourishing【 B10】 _ than juice, plus other good stuff, like fiber. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】
20、 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Conrad Hilton really wanted to be a banker. Instead, he successfully changed the【 C1】 _purchase of a Texas low-end hotel into a multimillion-dollar hotel empire, that earned him the【 C2】 _“innkeeper to the world.“ Born in New Mexic
21、o in 1887, Hilton was 19 when his parents began renting out rooms in their home. The business didnt interest him, however, so he became a【 C3】_legislator(立法者 ), founded a bank and went off to war. In 1919, after Hiltons father died, a friend suggested he go to Texas to make his【 C4】 _. Hilton ended
22、up in Cisco; when his bank deal there【 C5】 _, he headed to a nearby hotel, the Mobley. It【 C6】 _to oil-field workers, so its 40 rooms turned over every eight hours. A week later, Hilton owned it. He soon acquired more hotels and started to build new ones. His first, the Dallas Hilton, opened in 1925
23、. By the late 1940s, Hiltons list included the Town House in Beverly Hills and Chicagos Palmer House, as well as【 C7】_nightclubs featuring A-list stars. He also expanded【 C8】 _. And in 1949, he bought the “greatest of them all“: New York Citys magnificent Waldorf-Astoria. Typically American, Hiltons
24、 were creative too: the first to have rooms with air-conditioning, TVs, ironing boards and sewing kits. Even modern hotel-reservations systems【 C9】 _from one Hilton which was established in 1948. Today the Hilton Hotels Corp. owns some 3,300【 C10】 _in 78 countries. Last year more than a quarter-bill
25、ion guests checked in. A)soured B)motivated C)nickname D)catered E)previously F)luxurious G)properties H)features I)fortune J)evolved K)casual L)severe M)inherited N)internationally O)state 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Design
26、ing for sustainability: what are the challenges behind green materials? A)Learning to surf in Californias icy breakers, Todd Copeland, a design master at the Patagonia clothing company, concluded that wetsuits(潜水服 )werent cutting it. Sure, a traditional Neoprene(氯丁橡胶 )suit could keep him warm, but t
27、he suits material could be synthesised only from non-renewable, energy-intensive resources such as petroleum. B)In spring 2008, Copeland blogged about the need for a truly green alternative. And, later that summer, his cry found its way to Yulex, an Arizona-based company working to bring back a low-
28、energy, low-poison recipe for rubber from guayule(银胶菊 ), a desert bush native to North America. Research on the plant peaked during the Second World War but was then shelved. Yulex had restarted the work around 2000 and was making hypo-allergenic(低过敏的 )surgical gloves, but was seeking a new market.
29、It saw Copelands post, and soon its representatives came knocking. C)Yulexs efforts are set to pay off later this fall, when Patagonia releases a full wetsuit made from a 60:40 blend of guayule and conventional Neoprene, five years after Copeland initiated the search. “We hope to get that to 100% gu
30、ayule, but it takes time to learn a new material,“ says Copeland, now Patagonias environmental product specialist. D)This lucky match between designer and material maker is, unfortunately, a rare exception. The tale of Patagonias eco-wetsuit offers a lesson of the larger challenge facing green mater
31、ials on the path from lab to market. The process remains a complex web that few materials survive. But a recent survey of design leaders reveals that while eco-materials still face a tougher journey than their conventional peers, the process of green technology transfer is making progress. E)Though
32、spotty, statistics on green materials markets are all pointing up. The building industry is one of the largest shifting towards lower-impact practices. In the US, the green construction market is worth roughly $100bn, a ten-fold rise since 2006, according to the 2013 Dodge Construction Green Outlook
33、. As a share, green construction now accounts for 44% of total US commercial and institutional construction, up from near zero a decade ago. F)Evidence suggests that big corporations are deepening their commitment to these priorities, as well. For example, Green adoption has also been accelerating a
34、t Ford. A decade ago, engineers at the No. 2 US automaker were distrustful of the cost and performance benefits of alternatives. Today, following a storm of successful material substitutions, design engineers are required to evaluate and pick green candidates where they equal or exceed conventional
35、materials. G)Fords shift didnt come quickly. “We were kicked out of conference rooms,“ laughs Debbie Mielewski, technical leader for Plastics Research at Ford Motor Co, recalling her efforts in the early 2000s to pitch bio-based plastics to the car makers internal development engineers. “They saw on
36、ly risk and additional cost,“ she says. But thanks to the protection of Bill Ford Jr, the companys then CEO, Fords bio-plastics R&D program had the time and funding to mature new offerings to the point where today soy-based polyurethane foams(大豆聚氨酯泡沫塑料 )are used in the seat cushions, backs, and head
37、rests of all vehicles built in North America. A focus on value and performance has helped reverse early disbelief. “Our goal has always been to match the price and performance of any material were hoping to replace,“ she says. H)As its commitment to recover and re-use waste carpet materials started
38、to take root in the 1990s, Atlanta-based Interface, a $lbn-per-year manufacturer of carpet used primarily in commercial spaces, recognised it could push this goal only as quickly as a key fibre supplier, Italys Aquafil, was able to develop and scale-up processes to harvest fibers from recovered carp
39、ets and to then re-melt them for use in new carpeting. “This was more of us pushing recycled materials,“ by Interface, “rather than a pull“ from the market, says Nigel Stansfield, Interfaces vice president and chief innovations officer. “We had to overcome a perception that recycled was more costly,
40、 or performed less well.“ I)Interface also faced a reverse logistics(物流 )challenge: it had to work with existing and new partners to learn how to capture and truck tons of carpet back to its partner plants. “To make this work, weve had to focus on all parts of the products life cycle at once,“ Stans
41、field says. At the installation phase, for example, this has meant educating flooring installers to abandon long-standing practices of gluing carpets down, which damages the material at the later recovery stage. Interface instead relies on gravity and strong gluey patches to link its carpet tile and
42、 keep carpets locked down. And at the end-of-use stage, the move has meant developing reverse logistics flows, to steer carpet waste away from landfills, and back to re-processors such as Aquafil. J)Designers are widely frustrated by a lack of consistent, reliable services that can verify green mate
43、rials virtues. The industry needs a “greenwash monitor(漂绿监控 ),“ Patagonias Copeland says. There has been some movement toward this goal, with efforts including Nikes MAKING app, Material Connexion, and the Sustainable Packaging Coalition. Green materials can fail an evaluation for many reasons. A fe
44、w years ago, Patagonia became interested in bamboo-based fabrics. The cultivation of fast-growing bamboo was appealing as a sustainable raw material. But on deeper investigation, Patagonia passed on the new fabrics because the process to convert bamboo into fibres proved just as poisonous as the sta
45、ndard method. K)“Most clients think that sustainable design is simply a case of switching existing material for a greener option,“ says Chris Sherwin, head of sustainability at Seymourpowell, a London-based design advisor. “Same product, new material: thats wrong on many grounds.“ Sherwin argues tha
46、t its critical to understand that the stuff from which a product is made often accounts for only a tiny fraction of the impact of the use-phase of a products lifetime. Hence, its smarter for laundry soap makers to improve the performance of their cleansers in cold water rather than focus solely on r
47、evising packaging. “We should start with more fundamental product redesign,“ Sherwin says. “We must start by asking, how will the consumers needs best be satisfied, and design accordingly.“ 47 Even though the process of green technology transfer is hard, its improving. 48 Bamboo failed the green mat
48、erial evaluation not because of the material itself but because of its process to convert into fibres. 49 The research on guayule wasnt at its height when Yulex started its work on it. 50 Taking factors like the cost and performance benefits into consideration, engineers at Ford didnt trust green ma
49、terials about ten years ago. 51 Interface started committing to using recycled materials in the 1990s. 52 Nearly half of the US commercial and institutional construction is now green. 53 Most clients view that sustainable design means producing the same products with green material is wrong. 54 The focus on risk and additional cost nearly got Fords bio-plastics program rejected. 55 Patagonias newly wetsuit will be released this autumn. 56 Gluing carpet
