1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 140及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a place which you like most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） He likes Paris a lot. （ B） He doesnt kno
2、w French. （ C） He is good at French. （ D） He is a Frenchman. （ A） It was held in China. （ B） It was about setting up a factory. （ C） It has got a new board. （ D） It was unsuccessful. （ A） Persuade him to quit smoking. （ B） Find a new job for him. （ C） Ask him to be independent. （ D） Tell him how to
3、work. （ A） She is looking for a bus stop. （ B） She is heading for a place. （ C） She hates taking a walk. （ D） She knows the way herself. （ A） To buy a new map. （ B） To ask another person. （ C） To go with her. （ D） To find the library himself. （ A） His sister. （ B） His father. （ C） His mother. （ D） H
4、is brother. （ A） Getting ready for the exams. （ B） Taking the final exams. （ C） Seeing somebody else. （ D） Preparing for something unknown. （ A） She is looking for Linda. （ B） Linda is staying with Mike. （ C） She doesnt know where Mike is. （ D） Mike is waiting for Linda. （ A） They sometimes look sim
5、ilar to each other. （ B） They look like twin sisters. （ C） They dont look like each other. （ D） They have the same expressions. （ A） The woman gets birthday gifts from her sister every year. （ B） The woman often writes to her sister. （ C） The woman received a letter on her last birthday. （ D） The wo
6、man receives birthday gifts in normal days. （ A） The woman is one year older than her sister. （ B） The woman sometimes fights with her sister. （ C） The woman always meets her sisters requirements. （ D） The woman meets her sister once a month. （ A） He got the job at the age of 16. （ B） He did some cl
7、eaning in a shop. （ C） He worked for 10 hours a week. （ D） He used to work on weekends. （ A） By car. （ B） By bike. （ C） By bus. （ D） On foot. （ A） The man was always feeling depressed. （ B） The man had little money left after work. （ C） The man spent more than he earned. （ D） The man earned a lot fr
8、om his first job. （ A） He had to finish schoolwork. （ B） He was tired of changing jobs. （ C） He lived far away from the new shop. （ D） He wasnt happy with the pay. Section B （ A） They are crazy people. （ B） They cant help themselves. （ C） They have bad personality. （ D） They are not loved by their f
9、amily. （ A） Interpersonal relationships. （ B） Strange characters. （ C） Physical problems. （ D） Genes and faulty brain activities. （ A） They think it is useless. （ B） They can hardly afford it. （ C） They dont think they are sick. （ D） Their family doesnt support it. （ A） Share their own experiences w
10、ith them. （ B） Tell them that actually they arent ill. （ C） Give them more encouragement. （ D） Show them how to be happier and healthier. （ A） To imitate their working style. （ B） To be recognized as successful. （ C） To be less hardworking. （ D） To make friends with them. （ A） They sometimes complai
11、n about the system. （ B） They try their best to solve problems. （ C） They always do more work than others. （ D） They need little preparation to finish their work. （ A） They want to keep them as secrets. （ B） They have few friends at work. （ C） They want to focus on work. （ D） They dont want to be ta
12、lkative. （ A） Most of them keep more than one pet. （ B） A lot of them spend a lot on their pets. （ C） More than half of them have got one dog. （ D） Almost half of them have got at least one dog. （ A） People often disagree on most topics. （ B） People treat pets better than their spouses. （ C） Pets al
13、ways make a mess. （ D） Pets need great care. （ A） They are loyal to people. （ B） They are cute and furry. （ C） They are quiet and clean. （ D） They can protect people. Section C 26 Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The【 B1】_form of business is called an individual o
14、r sole business. The businessman owns all of the property of the business and is【 B2】 _everything. For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means the businessman gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but must also【 B3】 _. Another kind of
15、 business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An【 B4】 _is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls. One kind of partnership is called a limited liability(责任 )partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners ma
16、y not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibility for the business. Doctors, lawyers and【 B5】 _often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together. Partnerships【 B6】 _only for as long as the owners remain aliv
17、e. The same is true of individual business. But corporations are【 B7】 _to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to【 B8】 _. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can【 B9】_t
18、heir shares or keep them as long as the company is in business. A company might use some of its【 B10】 _to pay dividends(红利 )as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money back into the business. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36
19、 【 B10】 Section A 36 For centuries, boys were top of the class. But these days, thats no longer the【 C1】 _. A new study by the OECD, examined how 15-year-old boys and girls performed at reading, mathematics and science. Boys still score somewhat better at maths, and in science the genders are【 C2】 _
20、equal. But when it comes to the students who really【 C3】 _, the difference is obvious: boys are 50% more likely than girls to fall【 C4】 _of basic standards in all three areas. Why are girls performing better at school than their male classmates? First, girls read more than boys. Reading【 C5】 _is the
21、 basis upon which all other learning is built. When boys dont do well at reading, their performance in other school subjects【 C6】 _too. Second, girls spend more time on homework. Researchers suggest that doing homework【 C7】 _by teachers is linked to better performance in maths, reading and science.
22、Boys, it【 C8】 _, spend more of their free time in the virtual world: they are 17% more likely to play online games than girls every day. They also use the Internet more. Third, peer pressure plays a【 C9】 _. A lot of boys decide early on that they are just too cool for school which means theyre more
23、likely to be【 C10】 _in class. Teachers mark them down for this. In anonymous(匿名的 )tests, boys perform better. In fact, the gender gap in reading drops by a third when teachers dont know the gender of the pupil they are marking. A)appears B)case C)distinguishes D)dramatically E)engaged F)experience G
24、)lazy H)noisy I)proficiency J)role K)roughly L)set M)short N)struggle O)suffers 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. Wh
25、at was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to government support. Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modem world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years.
26、Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学园 ): young students still gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars. B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The
27、result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and much else have greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decade
28、s the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1. 6 percentage points more than inflation every year. C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值 )terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an
29、 increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28% in Britain who do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America governme
30、nt funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted for inflation, rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $15,000 a year. D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher ed
31、ucation, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professional classes. But automation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automat
32、ed in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will need to top up their human capital all through their lives. E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third technologyensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers
33、 through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or “ Massive Open Online Course“ , is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so f
34、ar failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditation(认证 ), drop-out rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8 million registered users. Though its courses
35、are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option to pay a fee of between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online masters degree in computing, at less than a third of th
36、e cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online “pre-MBA“ for $ 1,500. Starbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University. F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford
37、 and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best universities to meet each other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universit
38、ies may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in future as that for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions wou
39、ld shut their doors. The rest would need to adjust themselves to survive. G)Like all revolutions, the one taking place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The ta
40、lented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured university environment. Superstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues. H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spendi
41、ng should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of universities will benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older
42、people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online students in America is 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a glo
43、bal market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a remarkably talented Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course. I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common stand
44、ards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government-run exam. In most Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise bette
45、r education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together. 47 The introduction of automation affects the labor demand and then brings about the revolution of higher education. 48 The weaker students and the less attractive teachers will suffer from the innovation of
46、higher education. 49 MOOCs are improving in that private investors and existing universities are engaged in them. 50 As for those students who do not complete their course, the university degree is definitely not worth $590,000. 51 Despite a rapid increase in the number of university graduates, high
47、er education has had little difference since its beginning. 52 Governments are supposed to support common standards to certify online courses of higher education. 53 In order to avoid the failure, ordinary universities need to adapt themselves to the digital economy. 54 Thanks to online courses, stu
48、dents may approach higher education much more cheaply and conveniently. 55 Due to the protection of public funding and the employers emphasis on degrees, university students in America pay for a rising expense. 56 Mostly because of the lack of formal recognition, the rates of quitting on MOOCs have
49、been high. Section C 56 Kentish Town Road is a boring high street in north London. It contains pound shops, hairdressers and some old hardware stores. Unlike Camden Town to the south, full of bars and tattoo(纹身 )clubs, Hampstead to the west, with its pubs and clothing shops, little seems to have changed on the street for the past three decades. One explanation is that, in common with other parts of London, Kentish Town has lots of social housing, as well as co
