1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 145及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief account of how our education system generally judge students, and then explain why academic achievement isnt an adequate way to judge
2、a student. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words. “Why is an A or B better than a C or D? Arent all letters equal in the eyes of God?“ Section A （ A） The area is for passengers only. （ B） The man is asking the woman to leave. （ C） The man feels sorry for the woman. （ D） The w
3、oman is a member of the staff. （ A） He is late for his work on the first day. （ B） It takes a long time for him to go to work. （ C） He is very excited for driving to work. （ D） He drove to make sure the time to get to work. （ A） It is pleasant. （ B） It is constant. （ C） It is always windy. （ D） It i
4、s changeable. （ A） The man thought the paper was easy. （ B） They both had a hard time writing the paper. （ C） The woman thought the assignment was easy. （ D） Neither of them has finished the paper yet. （ A） He hasnt decided what to do this weekend. （ B） He will spend the weekend with his sister. （ C
5、） He thinks everything is all right up till now. （ D） He has already decided to travel abroad by air. （ A） He feels satisfied with it. （ B） He thinks the distance is too far. （ C） The road is good but theres heavy traffic. （ D） 30 minutes driving is a piece of cake for him. （ A） He thinks the studen
6、ts are quite fair. （ B） He flunks the new teacher is good. （ C） Reactions to the new teacher are different. （ D） The woman should believe what is told. （ A） Spend more time outdoors. （ B） Take short naps in day time. （ C） Try to go to bed earlier. （ D） Stay indoors until she feels better. （ A） It wa
7、s a custom to do so. （ B） There was flu in the city. （ C） The pollution was serious. （ D） Wearing a mask was popular. （ A） Natural disasters. （ B） Large chemical factories. （ C） Exhaust from vehicles. （ D） Large amounts of household garbage. （ A） They care much about the environment. （ B） The air po
8、llution will disappear gradually. （ C） Their towns become more pleasant to live. （ D） It benefits their economy a lot. （ A） He closes and opens his eyes too frequently. （ B） He didnt have enough sleep last night. （ C） He has been long staring at the computer screen. （ D） He has been doing homework a
9、bout computer for hours. （ A） Lack of moisture. （ B） Exposure to radiation. （ C） Lack of sleep. （ D） Misuse of medicine. （ A） Using eye drops. （ B） Taking breaks. （ C） Seeing a doctor. （ D） Keeping eyes opener. （ A） Get some sleep. （ B） Do homework till tonight. （ C） Read articles about eye problems
10、. （ D） Drink some coffee. Section B （ A） Exposure to excessive noise. （ B） Lack of rest. （ C） Unpreventable accident. （ D） Intense work pressure. （ A） Moderate noise is harmless. （ B） Sound above 80 decibels can hurt hearing. （ C） Noise can make people feel stressed. （ D） There is no noise on campus
11、. （ A） Do medical checkup regularly. （ B） Avoid making noise. （ C） Limit exposure to harmful noise. （ D） Live in the place without noises. （ A） Measure damaging noises on campus. （ B） Make a list of campus noises. （ C） Figure out how to fight against noise. （ D） Explain the concept of noise. （ A） It
12、 costs no more than the normal construction. （ B） It does a poor job of facing extreme weather. （ C） It holds up much better to extreme weather. （ D） It impacts weather changes and the economy. （ A） Wildfires. （ B） Famine. （ C） Flood. （ D） Plague. （ A） Make people come up with rough numbers and esti
13、mates. （ B） Make people use less energy and generate fewer gases. （ C） Help scientists figure out what the future will bring. （ D） Encourage companies to emit more carbon dioxide. （ A） You will be delighted. （ B） You will not be affected. （ C） You may feel depressed. （ D） You will feel lonely. （ A）
14、Social bonds will stay steady. （ B） One will lose many friends. （ C） People can make friends more easily （ D） A social network will be destroyed. （ A） Transmit happy feelings to others. （ B） Reach out to people who need help. （ C） Pay more attention to lonely people. （ D） Interact with a happy perso
15、n frequently. Section C 26 Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in common. They prepare young【 B1】 _for work. They provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. And they help students learn to【 B2】 _the arts and scie
16、nces. Students who attend either a college or a university【 B3】 _ take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer additional study programs or support research【 B4】 _. Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities【 B5】 _ a lot of
17、 research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students.【 B6】 _ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university“ came from the Latin “universitas“. This described a group of people organized for a common【 B7】 _. “C
18、ollege“ came from a Latin word with a similar meaning, “collegium“. In England, colleges were 【 B8】 _to provide students with places to live. Usually each group was studying the same thing, so the word “college“ came to mean one area of study. Today, most American colleges offer an area of study cal
19、led liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a persons mind. They【 B9】 _different from subjects that were considered more【 B10】 _in everyday life. Another meaning of “college“ is a part of a university. The first American universities div
20、ided their studies into many areas and called each one a college. This is still true. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 The United States predominance in science and technology is fading, a report released this month by the Nation
21、al Science Board warns. The report underlines what a powerhouse the United States【 C1】 _in knowledge- and technology-intensive industries, including high-tech manufacturing, energy and drug industry. All in all, those industries【 C2】 _for about 40 percent of American economic output, more than in an
22、y other developed country, it finds. But with the rise of increasingly【 C3】 _emerging economies, the report suggests, underinvestment in research and development might translate into a less【 C4】 _, less productive American economy in the future. The world is【 C5】 _a “dramatic shift in the global sci
23、entific landscape,“ said Dan E. Arvizu, chairman of the National Science Board “Emerging economies understand the【 C6】_science and innovation play in the global marketplace and in economic competitiveness and have increasingly placed a【 C7】 _on building their capacity in science and technology,“ he
24、said. The Asian economies now perform a larger【 C8】 _of global research and development than the United States does. China carries out about as much high-tech manufacturing as the United States does, the report found. But the report also highlights some important market sectors where the United Stat
25、es appears to be falling behind. More【 C9】 _, the report finds that the United States might be【 C10】 _in the research and development spending that scientists say is the most important fuel for future innovation. Moreover, many countries spend larger and faster-growing proportions of their economic
26、output on research. A)account B)role C)decays D)share E)lagging F)effect G)dominant H)directly I)worryingly J)remains K)priority L)concern M)limited N)undergoing O)competitive 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Schools outside citi
27、es A)With its sandy beaches, charming ruins and occasionally blue waters, the Isle of Wight is a perfect spot off Englands southern coast. Wealthy Londoners sail their boats there. It seems odd that such a place should contain some of the worst-performing schools in England. But it does; and in this
28、, the Isle of Wight is not quite as strange as it seems. B)Provisional figures show that last year just 49% of 16-year-olds on the island got at least five C grades, including in English and maths, in GCSE exams. That is fewer than in any of Londons 32 boroughs(行政区 ), or indeed anywhere in the south
29、ern half of England apart from nearby Portsmouth. In the previous year the Isle of Wight was second to bottom in the whole country. Just 23% of pupils entitled to free school meals(a representative of poverty)got five decent grades, compared with a national average of 36%. In September the islands s
30、chools were deemed so bad that Hampshire County Council took them over. C)Part of the explanation is distinctively local. Luring good teachers to an out-of-the-way spot is hard. In 2011 the island endured a confused transition from the sort of three-tier school system common in America, with primary
31、, middle and secondary schools, to the two-tier one that is standard in England. But its results were bad even before that change. The Isle of Wights real problems are structural. It suffers from three things that might appear to be advantages but are actually the opposite. The island lacks a large
32、city; it has some, but not many, poor children; and it is almost entirely white. D)Englands worst schools used to be urban, poor and blackor sometimes Asian. But these days pupils, including poor ones, often fare better in inner cities than elsewhere. In Tower Hamlets, an east London borough that is
33、 the third most deprived place in England, children entitled to free school meals do better in GCSE exams than do all children in the country as a whole. Bangladeshis, who are concentrated in that borough, used to perform considerably worse than whites nationally; now they do better. E)Poor whites a
34、re now the countrys signal educational underachievers. Just 31% of white British children entitled to free school meals got five good GCSEs two years ago, fewer than poor children from any other ethnic group. They fare especially badly in suburbs, small towns and on the coastplaces like the Isle of
35、Wight. F)Although the island contains pockets of poverty, it is hardly poverty-stricken: overall it comes 106th out of 326 local authorities in England on the governments deprivation index. A bigger problem is a pervasive lack of faith in education as a means of self-improvement. Steph Boyd, who run
36、s a new free school on the island, says some parents doubt whether the education system can help their childrennot altogether surprising given the islands failings. A few are more anxious for their offspring to go out and get jobs. And nearby career options are limited, points out Pat Goodhead, the
37、headmistress of Christ the King College, the islands best secondary school. The jobs pages of the County Press, the local newspaper, are filled with advertisements for care workers, barmen and cleaners. The advantage of deep poverty G)Oddly, the Isle of Wight might do better if it were poorer. Truly
38、 poor parts of England receive large amounts of government cash. Schools in Tower Hamlets get 7,014 a year for each child, compared with 4,489 in the Isle of Wight. In addition, secondary schools get 900 for each poor child thanks to the “pupil premium“ introduced by the coalition government. Povert
39、y-stricken spots also benefit from energetic, idealistic young teachers. Teach First, a programme that sends top graduates into poor schools for at least two years, started in London in 2002. Then it expanded to other big cities such as Manchester. Last year it started sending teachers to south coas
40、t towns, but in tiny numbers. Of the 1,261 graduates who joined the programme last year, just 25 were placed on the entire south coast, compared with 553 in London. H)Poor children do best in schools where they are either scarce or very numerous. Where they are few, teachers can give them plenty of
41、attention. Where they are numerous, as in the East End of London, schools have no choice but to focus on them. Most ill-served are those who fall in between, in schools where they are insufficiently numerous to merit attention but too many to succeed alone. The Isle of Wights six state secondary sch
42、ools are all stuck in the unhappy middle: between 9% and 17% of the children in them are entitled to free school meals. I)One woman, who moved to the island from east London with her young daughter, suspects that the Isle of Wights lack of diversity is itself a problem. She may be right about that.
43、Illiteracy among white British children can be easier to overlook than illiteracy among immigrants. Where schools are forced to help the latter, natives often benefit too, says Matthew Coffey of Ofsted, the schools inspectorate. That seems to have happened in Lincolnshire, which has seen a surge in
44、Portuguese and east European immigration. J)The government and Ofsted are increasingly worried about the gap in attainment between poor white Britons and the rest. The Department for Education reckons changing the way schools success is measured could help. The current emphasis on grades of C and ab
45、ove encourages teachers to focus on children on the edge of attaining that grade, at the expense of those who do really badly. Beginning in 2016 schools will have to track more closely the progress of each child, no matter what grades they are predicted to get. That should raise attentions of school
46、s that have been able to coast along, ignoring the neediest, to give them more attention. But such reforms may not make much difference on the Isle of Wight. Schools there have struggled even against the current benchmark. K)They might look to east London for inspiration. The dramatic improvement in
47、 Tower Hamlets resulted partly from efforts to change local culture. Schools ran programmes through mosques to tackle absenteeism(旷课 ). Parents were encouraged to become governors. But change will be harder outside the capital. Tower Hamlets benefits from nearby Canary Wharf, the capitals second fin
48、ancial district, which supplies good jobs and middle-class advisers. The levers of change are less obvious where poor children are scattered thin. And there are fewer obvious institutions through which to try and improve the lot of the godless white majority. 47 Changing the way schools success is m
49、easured may of little help to improve the education of the Isle of Wight. 48 Compared with the illiteracy among immigrants, British white illiterates are easier to be neglected. 49 Poor children can receive enough attention either in schools with large number of poor students or those with few poor students. 50 More than half of the 16-year-old students on the Isle of Wight failed to get at least five C grades in GCSE exams last year. 51 Parents in the Isle
