1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 154及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 There is a saying goes like that “ The world is a book: those who do not travel read only a page. “ For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Benefits of Travelling. You should write at least 120 words but
2、 no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） They dont have enough money to buy other things. （ B） They have bought some household appliances. （ C） They have enough money to buy chicken. （ D） They dont want to buy anything else. （ A） Find a larger room. （ B） Sell the old table. （ C） Buy two armchairs. （
3、D） Rearrange some furniture. （ A） He likes the brand Omega very much. （ B） He dislikes the womans recommendation. （ C） He wants to buy an expensive watch. （ D） He doesnt care about the design of the wristwatch. （ A） She can do nothing to help the man. （ B） She knows nothing about basketball. （ C） Th
4、ey are not rich enough to buy another TV set. （ D） The man is always watching basketball games. （ A） Go to the cinema in spite of the cold weather. （ B） Stay at home and rest. （ C） Go over his lessons. （ D） Go to finish his work. （ A） The woman has given up learning English. （ B） The woman does well
5、 in pronunciation and spelling. （ C） The man also does well in pronunciation and grammar. （ D） Neither the man nor the woman is good at spelling. （ A） To make the woman angry. （ B） To please the mans mother. （ C） David is the mans good friend. （ D） David is good at carrying on conversations. （ A） Th
6、e man has gone over three units of the course. （ B） The man has reviewed only eight units of the course. （ C） The man will spend the May Day holiday reviewing the twelve units. （ D） The man has been fully prepared for the final exam. （ A） It was a custom to do so. （ B） There was flu in the city. （ C
7、） The pollution was serious. （ D） Wearing a mask was popular. （ A） Natural disasters. （ B） Large chemical factories. （ C） Exhaust from vehicles. （ D） Large amounts of household garbage. （ A） They care much about the environment. （ B） The air pollution will disappear gradually. （ C） Their towns becom
8、e more pleasant to live. （ D） It benefits their economy a lot. （ A） He closes and opens his eyes too frequently. （ B） He didnt have enough sleep last night. （ C） He has been long staring at the computer screen. （ D） He has been doing homework about computer for hours. （ A） Lack of moisture. （ B） Exp
9、osure to radiation. （ C） Lack of sleep. （ D） Misuse of medicine. （ A） Using eye drops. （ B） Taking breaks. （ C） Seeing a doctor. （ D） Keeping eyes opener. （ A） Get some sleep. （ B） Do homework till tonight. （ C） Read articles about eye problems. （ D） Drink some coffee. Section B （ A） They wanted to
10、follow his example. （ B） They fully supported his undertaking. （ C） They were puzzled by his decision. （ D） They were afraid he wasnt prepared. （ A） It is more exciting than space travel. （ B） It is much cheaper than space travel. （ C） It is much safer than space travel. （ D） It is less time-consumi
11、ng than space travel. （ A） They both attract scientists attention. （ B） They both can be quite challenging. （ C） They are both thought-provoking. （ D） They both lead to surprising findings. （ A） To show how simple the mechanical aids for diving can be. （ B） To provide reasons for his changeable char
12、acter. （ C） To explore the philosophical issues of space travel. （ D） To explain why he took up underwater exploration. （ A） Gold was discovered in the city. （ B） The citys population grew to twelve thousand. （ C） The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed. （ D） Telegraph communications with the East we
13、re established. （ A） It is almost two million. （ B） It is almost three million. （ C） It is almost five million. （ D） It is almost six million. （ A） It is one mile long. （ B） It cost 32 million dollars. （ C） It is the largest in the world. （ D） It was completed in 1936. （ A） 300 million. （ B） 3 billi
14、on. （ C） Over 335 million. （ D） More than 28 million. （ A） National conflict. （ B） Agricultural problems. （ C） Population decrease. （ D） Economic problems. （ A） Asking people to use less water in the daily life. （ B） Finding ways to use water for more than one purpose. （ C） Making good use of seawat
15、er for daily life. （ D） Importing fresh water from other countries. Section C 26 A degree from a college or university is often a key that opens doors of【 B1】_ doors to a better job and a better life. Without a college degree, many jobs are simply not【 B2】 _. Just as the name states, community colle
16、ges are local. So, they are easy to get to. Suppose you are 【 B3】 _ attending college in the United States. But perhaps you might not be ready for a university with a four-year program. About 88,000 international students have found a【 B4】 _. They are attending US community colleges. Such colleges a
17、re sometimes called【 B5】 _ colleges. They offer two years of education above the secondary, or high school level. At the end of their study program, they receive a document of【 B6】 _called a certificate. Other students work toward an associate degree in traditional【 B7】_subjects like science or hist
18、ory. Some students with associate degrees【 B8】_to attend a four-year college or university. They have only two years of study left before they receive a bachelors degree. Many【 B9】 _experts agree that saving money is a good reason to consider a community college. The American Association of Communit
19、y Colleges says a public two-year college【 B10】 _an average of $3,000 a year. A student at a four-year public college may pay more than $8,500 a year for classes and user fees. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Grilling meat gives
20、 it great flavor. This taste, though, comes at a price, since the process creates molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)which【 C1】_DNA and thus increase the eaters chances of developing colon cancer. For those who think barbecues one of summers great【 C2】 _, that is a shame. But a g
21、roup of researchers led by Isabel Ferreira of the University of Porto, in Portugal, think they have found a way around the problem. When barbecuing meat, they suggest, you should add beer. This【 C3】 _advice was the result of some serious【 C4】 _, as Dr. Ferreira explains in a paper in the Journal of
22、Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The PAHs created by grilling form from molecules called free radicals which, in turn,【 C5】_from fat and protein in the intense heat of this type of cooking. One way of stopping PAH -formation, then, might be to apply chemicals called antioxidants that mop up free rad
23、icals. And beer is rich in these, in the shape of melanoidins, which form when【 C6】 _is roasted. So Dr. Ferreira and her colleagues prepared some beer marinades, bought some steaks and headed for the griddle. One of their marinades was based on Pilsner, a(n) 【 C7】 _lager. A second was based on a bla
24、ck beer(type unstated). Since black beers have more melanoidins than light beers as the name【 C8】 _, they give it color Dr. Ferreiras hypothesis was that steaks steeped in the black-beer marinade would form fewer PAHs than those steeped in the light-beer marinade, which would, in turn, form fewer th
25、an control steaks left unmarinated. And so it proved. When cooked, unmarinated steaks had a(n) 【 C9】 _of 21 nanograms(billionths of a gram)of PAHs per gram of grilled meat. Those marinated in Pilsner averaged 18 nanograms. Those marinated in black beer averaged only 10 nanograms,【 C10】 _and healthy
26、too, then. Just what the doctor ordered. A)average B)approximately C)barley D)damage E)delights F)distinguish G)experiments H)flavor I)form J)pale K)suggests L)tasty M)typical N)ultimate O)welcome 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46
27、 Creative Capitalism A)The main building on Disneys studio lot has seven huge replicas(复制品 )of Snow Whites dwarfs holding up its roof, a reminder of how Hollywood does not take itself too seriously. Nor do many outsiders. Film is an eccentric business, filled with egos and excess. For most of their
28、history, studios have had neither the stunning returns of startups nor the steady profits of mature firms. They are famed for blowing vast sums on high-profile turkeys. “Heavens Gate“ , an extravagant flop in 1980, crushed United Artists, the studio Charlie Chaplin and other stars founded in 1919. B
29、)Few business-school professors would ever think to walk the red carpet and use Hollywood as a case study. However, it is time they tuned in to Tinseltown. One reason is that other industries are coming to resemble the film business in some ways. In todays knowledge-based economy, bosses are having
30、to spend more time managing flighty “ stars“. Food and consumer-goods makers are, as the studios have already done, seeking to focus more on a narrower range of “blockbusters“: and in industries from electronics to carmaking, the pace of product and brand launches is increasing, so Hollywoods abilit
31、y to create a buzz rapidly about a new film may offer valuable lessons. C)Furthermore, movie-making is an American success story. It is one of the few remaining industries in which the countrys grip on the global market is as strong as it has ever been. Chinas Chollywood and Indias Bollywood do not
32、make films that people in other countries line up to see. Americas film and television industry reckons its exports are worth around $ 16 billion a year. D)Every company that employs creative people must think about how to harness their strengths for commercial gain without strangling their free-spi
33、ritedness. Hollywood has a centurys experience in this. Studios recruit a fresh creative team for each film, leaving its members to work intensely together with a minimum of interference, stepping in only when things are clearly going wrong. This gives team members a feeling of control and pride in
34、their project: and to cap it all, everyone has their contribution duly acknowledged in the closing credits. E)Such teamwork is rare in other businesses, argues Mark Young of the University of Southern Californias Marshall School of Business. People work hard and collaborate well in the movie busines
35、s in part because they have little job stability. Many are freelancers, who will not get hired for the next film unless they prove themselves on the current one. The tough lesson from Hollywood, then, is that job insecurity can lead to greater productivity, as long as workers believe in what they ar
36、e doing and have their achievements recognised. F)Hollywood is a land of retakes. Everyone understands that constant revisions improve the product. In a recent book, “Creativity, Inc. “ , Ed Catmull, the founder of Pixar and president of Disney Animation, argues that every film starts out as an “ugl
37、y baby“ , growing through countless changes into a graceful adult. “Up“ , Pixars hit film from 2009 about a widower who travels around the world with the help of balloons, began with a completely different premise. It was reworked drastically on the advice of the “ Braintrust“ , an internal group se
38、t up to give frank feedback. Mobile-app firms can also be adept at adjusting products in response to internal and external feedback, and makers of consumer goods are learning to tweak their products and packaging in response to reviews. But in many businesses, bosses still tend to spurn constructive
39、 criticism. G)Like Hollywood, Californias other world-beating industrial cluster, Silicon Valley, has overcome the fear of failure. Films are like tech startups in that flops are tolerated because they are so common, even when the initial idea seemed promising. In both cases, the value of failure as
40、 a learning experience is well understood. So in this part of American life, there are second, and third, acts. Studio heads sometimes roll when a film flops, but executives, directors and other talent can find redemption. H)Perhaps Hollywoods most remarkable skill is in launching brands that achiev
41、e global prominence in a matter of days. Each film is a separate product that needs its own marketing, and the stakes are incredibly high: if it has not gained sufficient momentum by its opening weekend, it may sink without trace. Studios spend vast sums on promotional campaigns, often as much as th
42、ey spend on producing the film itself. Businesses that are sceptical about the value of marketing, and about the possibilities for creating consumer awareness rapidly, should look closely at how Hollywood manages to come up with new brands on a near-weekly basis. The key is to treat the marketing as
43、 a core part of the project, rather than as an afterthought. I)Sunrise Boulevard For all the film industrys reputation as a licence to lose money, the media conglomerates that own the big studios nowadays run them more professionally, and keep a closer eye on profitability. Three of the six Hollywoo
44、d “majors“ are now managed by business-school graduates. Film companies no longer have extravagant(奢侈的 )numbers of projects in development, and focus more on action-packed “franchise“ films featuring comic-book characters, which sell well abroad and lend themselves to sequels. Learning from Silicon
45、Valley, Hollywood is relying more on outside financing, which means sharing the profits from hits but also protects against crippling losses when a film flops. J)No one likes to talk about age in Hollywood, but it has enjoyed remarkable longevity. The studios have survived the threats from new techn
46、ologies like television and the Internet, and “pivoted“ repeatedly to adjust their output to audiences shifting tastes. Few businesses have refreshed their product line-ups so often. And few have restructured so thoroughly: studios have evolved from being vertically integrated groups that owned cine
47、mas and kept actors on the payroll to become asset-light, flexible renters of talent. In the 102 years since the founding of Universal Pictures, the oldest of the majors, Hollywood may have provided plenty of “ how not to“ examples for business -but it has plenty of positive ones too. 47 The film in
48、dustry is just a few of the greatest industries in America which can grasp the global market. 48 Marketing is the most important part of the project and could not be put aside. 49 A film in 1980 is a huge financial failure, which destroyed United Artists founded by many stars. 50 Action-packed “fran
49、chise“ films coming from comic-book characters sell well in oversea market and always have the sequels. 51 Consumer goods can always be updated due to reviews. 52 Free-spiritedness without too much interference can help creative team work better and improve commercial gain. 53 A lack of stability is the reason why people work hard and cooperate well in the movie business. 54 During the opening weekend of each film, a lot of publicity will be made to en
