1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 157及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Write an essay commenting on the remark “You will be more confident of your life and work if you travel from time to time.“ You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） It starts on June 1 st and lasts throu
2、gh the end of November. （ B） Storms usually form in winter. （ C） It starts on June 1 st and lasts for one month. （ D） All year round. （ A） These forecasts are perfect. （ B） Last year, Colorado State predicted 19 named storms. （ C） One landfall cannot cause serious consequences. （ D） Its important to
3、 prepare the same for every hurricane season. （ A） Offering services to help people stop smoking. （ B） Raising taxes. （ C） Warning people about the dangers of tobacco. （ D） Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. （ A） 5 million. （ B） 8 million. （ C） 1 billion. （ D） 10 bil
4、lion. （ A） 50: 140. （ B） 60: 150. （ C） 70: 160. （ D） 80: 170. （ A） Tuesday. （ B） Wednesday. （ C） Thursday. （ D） Friday. （ A） They were dressed as women. （ B） Their identities were still unclear. （ C） They protected themselves from being injured in the explosion. （ D） They detonated explosives on a S
5、hiite Mosque. Section B （ A） Lose-lose solutions are useful in keeping a successful marriage. （ B） To run a “win-win“ solution is hard. （ C） There is no success in marriage. （ D） Running a successful marriage involves many factors. （ A） They changed their ways of talking. （ B） They change to another
6、 topic. （ C） They made their way to choose the wallpaper that is favored by both. （ D） They just stopped quarrelling. （ A） They dont want to be weak. （ B） They want to feel loved and respected. （ C） Controlling over another means winning arguments at home. （ D） They are lack of trust and insecurity.
7、 （ A） Pointing out each others defect when he or she makes mistake. （ B） Loving and respecting each other. （ C） Only wanting to harvest at any time. （ D） Giving up love after they quarrel. （ A） She makes the keypad dirty. （ B） She always drops crumbs off the computer keyboard. （ C） She always eats o
8、ff a toilet seat. （ D） It is not clean. （ A） There are many difficulties in the examination. （ B） The examination is useless for the employees. （ C） The examination is to tell people there are many bugs on keyboard. （ D） The examination is very successful. （ A） Wash hands after going to the toilet.
9、（ B） Eat at the computer desks. （ C） Eat much at lunch. （ D） Touch the toilet door handle. （ A） The survey needs more than 4,000 people. （ B） A minority of people never clean the keypad and the mouse. （ C） 10 people never clean their keypad and mouse. （ D） People never clean the keypad and mouse. Se
10、ction C （ A） To measure the movement of waves in the ocean. （ B） To determine whether the Earths temperature is going up. （ C） To study the behavior of some sea animals. （ D） To measure the depths of the ocean. （ A） To attract more sea animals to the testing site. （ B） To drive dangerous sea animals
11、 away from the testing site. （ C） To help trace the sea animals being tested. （ D） To determine how sea animals communicate with each other. （ A） They were frightened and distressed. （ B） They swam away when the speaker was turned on. （ C） They swam closer to “examine“ the speaker when it was turned
12、 off. （ D） They didnt seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker. （ A） The performance required for a certain job. （ B） The required behavior, knowledge and skills. （ C） The training contents and methods required. （ D） The costs and the quality of the programme. （ A） The difference bet
13、ween a job description and job specification. （ B） The difference between what is taught, and how it is taught. （ C） The difference between the costs and the quality of the programme. （ D） The difference between the training contents and methods required. （ A） The training methods and the quality of
14、 the training staff. （ B） The performance of the trainees in the programme. （ C） The places where the training programmes take place. （ D） The way to evaluate the training programme. （ A） It means the year you take off and youll continue school with enough money. （ B） It means the year you have off
15、between high school and college. （ C） It means the year you have off during your college life. （ D） It means the year you take off before high school. （ A） Because they want to travel to broaden their horizon. （ B） Because they want to explore what they are interested in. （ C） Because they need to g
16、o back to serve military duty. （ D） Because they need to recover after twelve years of required education. （ A） They worry that their children will miss their friends. （ B） They are worried about their childrens safety when traveling. （ C） They worry that their children cannot find their real intere
17、st. （ D） They worry that their children will choose not to go to college. （ A） It helps students explore their hobbies. （ B） It provides students with opportunities to do field practice. （ C） It offers position to students in her company. （ D） It aims to help students plan the year they take off. Se
18、ction A 26 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【 C1】 _performance at work and school. Cognitive(认知学派的 )researcher
19、s, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【 C2】 _and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters,【 C3】 _among educators. But the careful use of small【 C4】 _rewards sparks creativity in grade school childr
20、en, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激 )indeed【 C5】 _inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【 C6】_task, they show the most creativity,“ says Robert Eisenberger
21、 of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to【 C7】 _creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.“ A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for【 C8】 _achievement ends up with uninspired students,
22、 Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【 C9】 _failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points towar
23、d valued rewards, shows【 C10】 _in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【
24、 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mor
25、e than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Art of Friendship A)One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful
26、I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let me rant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. Thats when it started to dawn on me loneso
27、meness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment Id been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, knew everything about me: when they left, they had taken my context with them
28、. B)Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on ones health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girl friend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He
29、couldnt, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the world a little bit just as I did. Since Id be making friends with more intention than Id ever given the process, I real
30、ized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The downside, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened. C)After all, its a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife than it is when youre younger a fact woman Ive spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danz
31、ig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when youre in your teens and 20s, youre more or less friends with everyone unless theres a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. “There are
32、many people Im comfortable around, but I wouldnt go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isnt enough to sustain a real friendship,“ Danzig says. D)At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldnt run up to people the way my 4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, “Will yo
33、u be my friend?“ “Every time you start a new relationship, youre vulnerable again,“ agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. “Youre asking, Would you like to come into my life? It makes us self-conscious.“ E)Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized
34、that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didnt take me up on my offer, so what: I wasnt in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to o
35、ffer. F)Were all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend s
36、he made at church came as a pleasant surprise. “In high school I chose friends based on their popularity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Nows its our shared values and activities that count.“ Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the churchs youth programs, is nothing
37、like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends. G)Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her sons preschool, a tall, beautiful
38、woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. “I said to my husband, shes too cool for me,“ she jokes. “I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly.“ In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didnt become good pals. “I
39、 realized that we werent each others type, but it wasnt about hierarchy.“ What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person youve become(or are still becoming)back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress youve made in your life. H)Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City,
40、 notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to issues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf. I)A new friend, chosen ri
41、ght, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from work was exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and
42、athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape. J)While youre busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Maria Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When Youre Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain
43、these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority: schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friends life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know youre think
44、ing of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend(politely)if something she did really upset you. If you cant be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks shes chronically late, or shes a bit negative to cut down on frustrati
45、on and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project. 37 Leslie Danzig thought making friends at ones middle age needed some reasons. 38 A well-chosen new friend can help you go in th
46、e direction that you like. 39 A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable. 40 According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first course of making new friends. 41 Midlife friendship can he
47、lp you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress youve made in your life. 42 In Maria Pauls book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your friends, care for your friends job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job
48、. 43 For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to understand her and erase her negative feeling. 44 According to Michelle Mertes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities. 45 As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and
49、take rejection with grace. 46 With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life. Section C 46 Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed f
