1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 173及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours wants to buy a book, which book would you like to r
2、ecommend to him/her and why? Section A （ A） They are safe in daily use. （ B） They can be put on skins except faces. （ C） No chemicals should be used in daily life. （ D） Children should not use them. （ A） To inspect harmfulness of chemical mixtures. （ B） To prove chemicals are harmless. （ C） To produ
3、ce safe chemicals. （ D） To study chemical compositions. （ A） They are rare species. （ B） They protect the environment. （ C） They pollinate crops and wild plants. （ D） They protect crops and wild plants. （ A） Chemicals should be used as many as possible. （ B） Chemicals should be used only if necessar
4、y. （ C） Chemicals should be used as few as possible. （ D） Chemicals should be used once a month. （ A） In Australia and Africa. （ B） In Austria and Africa. （ C） In Australia and America. （ D） In Austria and America. （ A） Better medical equipment. （ B） More health care. （ C） Better education. （ D） Mor
5、e job chances. （ A） Its about 2,500 pounds. （ B） Its about 2,500 dollars. （ C） Its about 250 pounds. （ D） Its about 250 dollars. Section B （ A） The number of families is reduced a lot. （ B） More young people seldom stay at home. （ C） Relatives seldom live in the same place. （ D） The family members l
6、ive in the same place. （ A） She wishes her parents live with her. （ B） She wishes her parents live alone. （ C） She wishes her parents live in a retirement room. （ D） She wishes her parents live with her siblings. （ A） He is always in trouble at home. （ B） He is reluctant to live with his parents. （
7、C） He often fights with other persons. （ D） He doesnt study hard. （ A） He likes living alone. （ B） His house is far from his parents house. （ C） He is busy with his business. （ D） He always quarrels with his parents. （ A） He is looking for a job. （ B） He is looking for a house. （ C） He is looking fo
8、r a roommate. （ D） He is looking for an agent. （ A） A roommate who does not snore. （ B） A roommate who does not smoke. （ C） A roommate who is very tidy. （ D） A roommate who loves studying. （ A） A flat with two bedrooms. （ B） An unfurnished apartment. （ C） A well-decorated apartment. （ D） A furnished
9、 bedroom in a shared flat. （ A） Help do housework. （ B） Bargain with the landlord. （ C） Agree to share with others. （ D） Sign a contract for two years. Section C （ A） They cant lose weight. （ B） They can lose weight by cutting calories or exercising. （ C） They really cant keep the weight off. （ D） T
10、hey should be on a diet to lose weight. （ A） Senior people are less likely to gain weight. （ B） Senior people are more likely to gain weight. （ C） Once people get fat, they will suffer various problems. （ D） Once people get fat, they gain weight steadily. （ A） It may have a negative influence. （ B）
11、It plays a very significant role. （ C） It is meaningless. （ D） It can have a positive impact. （ A） Prevent the students doing any movement. （ B） Give students more time to rest. （ C） Bring students more activities. （ D） Adopt the same teaching plan for a long time. （ A） It can help teachers interact
12、 with the students. （ B） It just shows the words to students. （ C） It can reduce the dust in the classroom. （ D） It can save teachers time. （ A） Students ability to study. （ B） Students ability to do activities. （ C） Students ability to maintain attention. （ D） Students ability to communicate with o
13、thers. （ A） Pot using. （ B） Wet cloth. （ C） Sand. （ D） Temperature. （ A） People who eat spoiled food may get sick. （ B） Farmers have to throw away spoiled products. （ C） Farmers have to sell the spoiled products quickly at a low price. （ D） People need money to dispose of the spoiled food. （ A） By e
14、lectricity. （ B） Through an evaporation process. （ C） Through a freezing process. （ D） With the help of some special bacteria. （ A） He sold his invention to make money. （ B） He preferred invention to teaching. （ C） He was honored with an award for his teaching method. （ D） He financed 5,000 pot-in-p
15、ot systems to help people. Section A 26 According to new government figures, pollution levels are rising again after several years of gradual decline. Data【 C1】 _Friday by the Energy Department show American factories and power plants putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the first
16、six months of 2014 compared with the same period in each of the past two years. The figures【 C2】_a reversal first seen in 2013, when the trend of steadily falling emissions【 C3】_halted. The higher emissions are primarily a reflection of a【 C4】 _economy, as American businesses burned more gas and oil
17、 to meet higher demand. But the shift also highlights the challenge【 C5】 _the Obama administration as it seeks to honor a pledge to sharply cut U. S. emissions of greenhouse gases by the end of the decade. Administration officials said the【 C6】 _was not particularly surprising given the improving ec
18、onomy, and some pointed to one of the reports bright spots: Even as the economy expanded, carbon【 C7】 _from automobiles have remained essentially flat, as more Americans switched to fuel-efficient cars and trucks. Some also cited another【 C8】 _trend in the report: Big jumps in the use of alternative
19、 and renewable【 C9】 _. Solar, wind and hydropower were up more than 7 percent compared with two years ago, according to the report, and renewable sources now【 C10】 _for nearly 12 percent of the countrys domestic energy production. A)abruptly I)energy B)account J)gradually C)accumulation K)identify D
20、)cited L)increase E)confirm M)outstanding F)confronting N)recovering G)emissions O)released H)encouraging 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Why the Super-Rich Arent Leaving Much of Their Fortunes to Their Kids A)What do Sting, Bil
21、l Gates and Warren Buffett have in common? All three have huge fortunes, and none of them are giving them to their kids. Sting just revealed that most of his $ 300 million would not end up with his six adult children. The musician said that he certainly didnt want to leave them trust funds that are
22、obstacles round their necks. “ They have to work. All my kids know that and they rarely ask me for anything, which I really respect and appreciate. “ B)Bill and Melinda Gates are giving a reported $ 10 million for each of their three children: pocket change compared with their $ 76 billion. Buffetts
23、 three kids each have a $ 2 billion foundation funded by Dear Old Dad. The rest of his money goes to charity, just like Gates and several other billionaires who have invested their vast fortunes in improving the world. As Buffett famously put it, the perfect amount to leave children is “ enough mone
24、y so that they would feel they could do anything, but not so much that they could do nothing. “ C)All those spoiled rich kids with more money than sense wont make smart choices or live healthy, productive lives if they have unlimited access to the money they inherit. Celebrity chef Nigella Lawson ha
25、s stated she has no intention of leaving a substantial inheritance: “I am determined that my children should have no financial security. It ruins people not having to earn money. “ D)Wealthy families have always struggled with this issue. But the same drama is now playing out on a smaller scale for
26、millions of baby boomers(婴儿潮时期出生的人 ), who hesitate to give away $30 trillion over the next 30 years the largest transfer of wealth in American history. What used to be a private family matter has become a public discussion about wealth, privilege and personal responsibility. Who gets the big money?
27、Should it be the heirs? Or are they better off without it? E)“We probably struggled over this more than any other issue,“ says a local self-made multimillionaire. The businessman and his wife, worth hundreds of millions, grew up modestly in middle-class families and wanted to create a financial plan
28、 that would take care of their children but not spoil them if the couple died suddenly. “We were fearful of what might happen if they had control of a large amount of money at a young age,“ he says. “The more we stared at that, the more we became uncomfortable. “ F)Inspired by Buffetts example, they
29、 created trusts for each of their now college-age children. Each kid has $2. 5 million controlled by trustees, who can release money only for education, health care, a home purchase or a business start-up. Any unspent money in the trust will continue to be invested and grow. Those restrictions remai
30、n in place until each child reaches age 40: after that, the money is all theirs to do as they please. By 40, their parents assume they will be mature enough to use the money wisely or save it as a safety net. The rest of the multimillion-dollar family fortune is going to a foundation, which will eve
31、ntually be managed by the children and can be used only for charity. The kids are aware of the trusts and the planning that went into them. “ They really are thrilled with it,“ their father says. “They want to be their own persons. “ A huge inheritance, he believes, can be a lifelong trap for childr
32、en of rich parents. “ I didnt want them to look in the mirror and say, Who am I?“ G)Whether having so much money is good or bad for trust-fund babies depends on how the family has prepared the kids, their personal qualities and how well they handle the pressures of great wealth and the fear of not i
33、nheriting. For every party girl like Paris Hilton, theres an Ivanka Trump, who got a business degree from Wharton and has made her familys money and famous name valuable into a prosperous career. Johnson used his inheritance to launch a filmmaking career and to live, all things considered, a relativ
34、ely normal life in New York. “In my case, it turned out to be a great benefit,“ he says. H)Most parents want to protect their children from the dark excesses of money drugs, legal troubles, and so on and preserve the family fortune for future generations. That usually doesnt work out: The first gene
35、ration makes the money, the second spends the majority of it, and the third drains the rest. Hence the old saying goes like “ Shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves in three generations. “ Traditionally, the wealthy gave all their money to their children and grandchildren, and then hoped for the best. Baby
36、boomers, says consulting firm Accenture managing director Bob Gach, are living longer and struggling to balance their own retirement needs and interests with their childrens welfare. Boomers are different from previous generations: more likely to give away money while theyre still alive, more concer
37、ned about their adult children finding and keeping jobs. Excess properties typically go into tax-protected trusts. I)There are really good reasons to leave a legacy(遗产 )in a thoughtful way ways that promote the production and healthy lifestyles. Many trusts are structured to distribute inheritances
38、at the specific ages determined in advance. A common practice is to give a third at 25, a third at 30 and the rest at 35. Some inheritances are set up to encourage the heirs to graduate from college, marry or hold a job for a specific amount of years before any money will be released. J)A lot of peo
39、ple dont like to talk about money because they dont want the kids to know how much theyre actually worth or what they might inherit. Although adult children in the United States have no legal rights to their parents money, its rare for heirs to get cut off with nothing. But that doesnt mean they get
40、 everything. Bill Gates, the worlds richest man, wont disclose the exact amount each of his three kids will inherit, but he said theyll get an “unbelievable“ education and health care and the reported $ 10 million, which still puts them firmly in the One Percent but not even close to their self-made
41、 fathers billions. For that, theyll have to found their own empire. In terms of their income, they will have to pick a job they like and go to work. 37 If rich kids are well cultivated and prepared for the trust fund, it will be beneficial for their future. 38 A great many wealthy people tend to kee
42、p the amount of their possessions secret from their children. 39 Sting felt satisfied that all his children seldom requested anything from him and earned their living by themselves. 40 From rags to riches and back again in three generations. 41 How to deal with the big property has turned into a pub
43、lic concern instead of a private issue. 42 The inheritance is commonly given out in portions at a certain age of the heirs decided in advance. 43 If an abundant inheritance is at the disposal of spoiled rich children, they wont choose or lead their lives wisely. 44 Baby boomers having longer life sp
44、ans care both about their retirement requirements and about their kids well-being. 45 A local businessman from rags to riches and his wife established a detailed plan about their hundreds of millions of money for their children. 46 Several billionaires have donated a large sum of money to making the
45、 world better and better. Section C 46 Kentish Town Road is a boring high street in north London. It contains pound shops, hairdressers and some old hardware stores. Unlike Camden Town to the south, full of bars and tattoo(纹身 )clubs, Hampstead to the west, with its pubs and clothing shops, little se
46、ems to have changed on the street for the past three decades. One explanation is that, in common with other parts of London, Kentish Town has lots of social housing, as well as costly Victorian terraces(排屋 ). Camden Council, the local authority, is building even more in the town. This helps cheaper
47、shops survive, suggests Tony Travers of the London School of Economics: council renters are less likely to drive and so rely more on local outlets. And the sheer volume of car and lorry traffic on the busy high street, which is a main road into the city, might block shoppers from visiting and fashio
48、nable businesses from setting up in the area. Population structure plays a part, too. Fully 72% of the population of Kentish Town is white, including a good number of Irish residents higher than the proportion in London as a whole, at 60% . Unlike the high streets around Peckham and Berixton in sout
49、h London, which cater for African shoppers who may travel far to reach them, few specialist shops draw people to Kentish Town. “ Were not a destination high street. “ sighs one local trader. Strong opposition of the local residents accounts for part of the reason. Lots of civic groups are active in the area, campaigning against new licenses and the like, says Dan Carrier of the Camden New Journal, a newspaper. A local business association is also good at complaining. Partly because of t
