1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 174及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the inheritance of traditions in modern life. You should write at
2、 least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） An invention made by architects and engineers. （ B） A new device gathering information about buildings. （ C） An introduction of a three-dimensional model. （ D） New ways of building structures. （ A） The accurate shape of rooms in the buildin
3、g. （ B） The size and position of heating and cooling equipment. （ C） The size and position of windows and doors. （ D） The placement of electrical outlets. （ A） Kids should spend more time outdoors. （ B） Kids all like trees and flowers. （ C） Kids may learn better in green nature. （ D） Kids should lea
4、rn to protect nature. （ A） They can distract a childs attention. （ B） They are easy to be accepted. （ C） They can hurt a childs health. （ D） They will affect a childs schooling. （ A） Permanent loss of eyesight of pilots. （ B） Loss of consciousness of passengers. （ C） Tragic results of air accidents.
5、 （ D） Blackouts of jet fighter pilots. （ A） When the airplane slows down very quickly. （ B） When the airplane is making a sharp turn. （ C） When the pilots have a heart disease. （ D） When the pilots lose consciousness. （ A） It is required by the laws and the government. （ B） The air pressure is rathe
6、r low above the Earths surface. （ C） The passengers will lose consciousness in the planes. （ D） Lack of oxygen can affect anyone at extreme heights. Section B （ A） Brentwood in America. （ B） London. （ C） Essex in England. （ D） Scotland. （ A） It is a small town next to London. （ B） It has a large pop
7、ulation. （ C） It is in the southeast of Scotland. （ D） It is a poor city. （ A） Its a relatively small town. （ B） The people living there are very rich. （ C） Houses are scarce there. （ D） Its close to London. （ A） The woman is not satisfied with the recreation there. （ B） The man thinks highly of the
8、 recreation there. （ C） All kinds of recreations are available there. （ D） The man thinks little of the recreation there. （ A） He worked in a painting store. （ B） He worked in a printing factory. （ C） He worked in a gas stand. （ D） He worked in a bookstore. （ A） To print the TV guides. （ B） To edit
9、the TV guides. （ C） To sell the TV guides. （ D） To prepare the TV guides for distribution. （ A） High pay and short work hours. （ B） Friendly environment and teamwork spirit. （ C） Relaxed atmosphere and valuable experience. （ D） Good friends he made in the factory. （ A） Delightful. （ B） Meaningless.
10、（ C） Terrible. （ D） Cruel. Section C （ A） Sipping a glass of wine before getting into bed. （ B） Drinking a cup of tea one hour before sleep. （ C） Exercising one or two hours before bedtime. （ D） Taking a hot shower half an hour before bedtime. （ A） Listen to some quiet music. （ B） Get out of bed til
11、l being sleepy again. （ C） Try to relax our mind. （ D） Read some interesting articles. （ A） Approaches to get a better nights sleep. （ B） The harm of lack of sleep. （ C） Effects of modern technology on sleep. （ D） Benefits of a good sleep. （ A） Her teacher found that she had great skill. （ B） She di
12、dnt have trouble at school any more. （ C） She could follow all the rules from then on. （ D） She found she could express herself with painting. （ A） She deposited it in the bank. （ B） She gave it to the sick children. （ C） She contributed it to charitable organizations. （ D） She gave it out to those
13、who needed it. （ A） He completed his biggest charity project until now. （ B） He got a message from Obama and lawmakers. （ C） He asked for help for those homeless children in America. （ D） He managed to raise tens of thousands dollars. （ A） He enjoyed community service work ever since he was very lit
14、tle. （ B） He once walked around with his little red wagon giving water after a hurricane. （ C） He made a project called “From My House to the White House“. （ D） He drove a little red wagon when he collected money for homeless children. （ A） It doesnt work as expected. （ B） It can do harm to children
15、. （ C） It can find out serious injuries. （ D） It can provide detailed image of the brain. （ A） Many children suffer greatly from brain injury. （ B） Many children are threatened by lung cancer. （ C） Children suffer more from brain injury than from cancer. （ D） Children have a high risk of developing
16、cancer. （ A） When a child aged two has no broken bone in the skull. （ B） When a child aged ten lose consciousness. （ C） When a child aged one has no serious headache. （ D） When a child aged nine has normal mental activity. Section A 26 In fact, even without humans, the Earths climate changes. Some c
17、limate change is【 C1】 _. But, as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere, human influence “emerges“ from natural variability. Droughts, one of the most intensely studied climate events, are a perfect example of a(n) 【 C2】 _with both natural and human influences. Separating the【 C3】_strengths of
18、 the influences is a challenge for scientists. However, with the large social and economic costs of droughts, it is a challenge the scientists must【 C4】 _. In a very recent study published in the Journal of Climate, authors Richard Seager and Martin Hoerling cleverly used climate models forced by se
19、a surface temperatures to【 C5】 _how much of the past centurys North American droughts have been caused by ocean temperatures, natural variability and human influences. Droughts can be caused by a(n) 【 C6】 _of separate or interactional phenomena. At its root, drought results from the low【 C7】 _of wat
20、er falling and sometimes higher temperatures(which increase evaporation rates). The beginning of drought can often be linked to variations in ocean temperatures. It is also found that the oceans can affect the atmosphere to create conditions that are【 C8】 _responsible for drought. Whats more, temper
21、ature increases【 C9】_with human-driven global warming also play a role. This【 C10】 _agrees with other researchers who have shown that, while human-emitted greenhouse gas warming may not cause a particular drought, it can make drought come on earlier, faster, and harder than it otherwise would. A)ass
22、ociated B)attached C)conclusion D)conduct E)distinguish F)effect G)natural H)partly I)quality J)quantity K)relative L)ridiculous M)simply N)undertake O)variety 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 How to Make Your Fridge More Efficie
23、nt A)Modern refrigerators are far more efficient than they used to be, but they still draw a lot of power often more than any other appliance in your home. If you really want to save money on your energy bill and limit your environmental impact you should probably upgrade to a more efficient model.
24、If thats out of the question, there are steps you can take to make your existing machine more utility-friendly. Follow this guide to cut down on your fridges energy use, and save some money while youre at it. Keep It Stocked B)Empty fridge space helps no one. It looks depressing, limits your cooking
25、 options, and perhaps worst of all makes your fridge work harder to regulate temperature and humidity. The same goes for your freezer. Food and drink hangs on to cold better than air, so the more solids and liquids in your fridge, the less work it has to do to keep temperatures low. The takeaway her
26、e is simple: Keep your fridge(and freezer)stocked. If, for whatever reason, you dont have enough food to stock the whole fridge, just fill some bottles or containers with water and place them throughout the cavity. The same strategy can be used in your freezer. Just be sure to seal your containers t
27、ight to prevent excess moisture from escaping into the fridge cavity. If you can, use glass containers theyre better at retaining cold than plastic. Also, dont store your goods too close to the walls of the fridge, as you need the air to circulate to remove heat. Keep It Cool But Not Too Cool C)Obvi
28、ously you want your fridge to be cold(thats the whole point, isnt it?), but you dont want it to be too cold. The lower the temperature setting, the more energy the fridge has to use to maintain that temperature. The same goes for your freezer. An ideal setting is 37F for the fridge, and 0F for the f
29、reezer. Anything higher is risky with regard to food preservation, and anything lower is wasteful and unnecessary. If you have an older model with a simple number dial for a regulator, you can use any old thermometer in a cup of water to monitor the temperature over time. Freezers are especially pre
30、cise when it comes to temperature regulation. To prevent that dial from going wild and, in turn, running up your energy bill make sure there is sufficient air circulation. Youll also want to avoid holding the freezer door open while you decide what to make for dinner. This allows warm kitchen air in
31、to the freezer and wastes energy. It also contributes to freezer burn another freezer-related nuisance. Vacuum the Coils D)You know those spiraling tubes(螺旋管 )at the back of your fridge? Those are condenser(冷凝器 )coils.(Newer fridges keep them hidden, but theyre still there.)Theyre where the hot, gas
32、eous refrigerant(气态制冷剂 )becomes the cold, liquid refrigerant that absorbs heat in your fridge cavity. E)To do this, the condenser coils need proper ventilation. As dust and debris collect on the coils, it inhibits their ability to give off heat. This, in turn, forces the refrigerator to run longer c
33、ycles to ensure enough heat is being transferred. Once again, the solution is simple: Keep the condenser coils clean! First and this is very important cut off the power of the fridge. Next, simply take a vacuum to the coils, gently removing all the dust and dirt you can. You really only need to do t
34、his once a year, so make it count.(If your fridge has hidden coils, make sure to clean the area around the fridge, including underneath.) Turn off the Ice Maker F)Your fridge may be the biggest energy consumer in your kitchen, but the ice maker is the biggest energy hog in your fridge. According to
35、a 2011 study by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a typical ice maker increases a fridges overall energy consumption by 12 to 20 percent. More recent ice makers can be a lot more efficient, but still draw additional electricity. If you find you arent using your ice maker, just turn
36、 it off. Youll save a little in the long run. This is due to the motor inside the ice maker that dumps ice into the tray. In most freezers, the device stops making ice when the tray fills up and triggers a sensing instrument. But this doesnt stop the motor from running it only stops it from producin
37、g ice. To stop the motor, you have to turn off the device itself. Chances are, you bought a fridge with an ice maker because you intend to use it. But if you find that you arent using it, just turn it off. Youll save a little in the long run, and its one less thing that can break. G)Also, if you hav
38、e a manually-defrosting fridge, keep an eye on the ice buildup along the walls of the freezer cavity: too much can restrict air flow and force your fridge to work harder. Manufacturers actually recommend defrosting that kind of freezer twice a year. Seal Foods to Prevent Evaporation H)You know those
39、 condenser coils we talked about? Well, if you follow them, youll find they eventually snake into your fridge and freezer cavities, where they absorb heat and lower the temperature. That process of heat absorption also serves to evaporate humidity. There are a couple of tips here. For one thing, thi
40、s means you shouldnt store fruits(which require moisture to prevent drying or decaying)in the main cavity. Thats what the preservation drawers are for. For another, it means excessive moisture in the fridge forces the machine to work harder to draw it out. To prevent buildup of excess moisture, you
41、should seal leftovers and other moist foods in closed containers. Its a small but important measure if youre serious about maximizing fridge efficiency. Let Food Cool I)This one should be obvious, but well remind you anyway: Dont put hot food into your fridge. While you shouldnt let that pot of chil
42、i sit around too long, you can wait a while for it to cool to at least room temp. Why would you do that? Because your fridge goes into overrun when it has to absorb residual heat. Its a far more pressing concern than external factors like dusty coils. Most experts recommend letting hot food cool for
43、 no more than two hours before popping it in the fridge. Any longer than that could lead to contamination. Position the Fridge Correctly J)Where you put your fridge can affect how much energy it consumes. It sounds silly, but refrigerators need to breathe, and the closer they are to walls or furnitu
44、re, the harder it is for heat to escape. Unless you have a specially designed built-in model, you should make sure to leave at least two inches of space around the units frame. You should also be wary of your fridges distance to heat sources like ovens, stove tops, water heaters, and radiators. The
45、heat that builds up around these appliances stresses the refrigerator and makes it work harder. Even direct sunlight can be taxing. 37 37F for the fridge and 0F for the freezer are the best food-preserving and the most energy-saving settings. 38 If your present fridge is not energy-saving or environ
46、mentally friendly, here are some tips to increase its efficiency. 39 A common ice maker consumes 12 to 20 percent more of a fridges overall energy consumption. 40 To clean the condenser coils, you should first shut off the power and then vacuum them gently. 41 Empty fridge space consumes more energy
47、 to adjust temperature and humidity than a stocked one. 42 Too much frost on the walls of the freezer cavity blocks ventilation and decreases the efficiency of the fridge. 43 Direct sunlight can increase fridges energy consumption, as well as your bills. 44 To prevent moisture evaporation, its not s
48、uggested to put fruits in the preservation drawers rather than the main cavity. 45 The containers put into the freezer should be sealed tight, in case that moisture gets into the fridge cavity. 46 Hot food should be cooled before being stored in the fridge, but no more than two hours in case it cont
49、aminates. Section C 46 In London, over half of the homes built between 1919 and 1980 had one garage. But many are becoming needless. Between 2002 and 2012 the proportion of vehicles kept in garages at night dropped from 22% to 14% . This is in part because some households now have more cars than garage space. But it is also because big modern cars do not fit in older garages, says David Leibling, a transport expert. Few rust when left outside, and many are more difficu
