1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 176及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a place which you like most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） The highest price of gold on Asian marke
2、ts. （ B） The highest price of gold on African markets. （ C） The lowest price of gold on Asian markets. （ D） The lowest price of gold on African markets. （ A） When the price fell to its lowest level. （ B） When gold prices reached investors set targets. （ C） When lots of physical gold was consumed. （
3、D） When they are in the futures market. （ A） Birds and bats may fly into the turning blades. （ B） Birds and bats cant stand high wind speed. （ C） Wind turbines can produce electricity. （ D） Wind turbines can release poisonous gas. （ A） It is made mostly of iron. （ B） It is made mostly of steel. （ C）
4、 It is made mostly of plastic. （ D） It is made mostly of paperboard. （ A） The hot conditions. （ B） The cold conditions. （ C） The wet conditions. （ D） The dry conditions. （ A） Pollution will be more serious in popular beaches. （ B） Water quality may reach the lowest level. （ C） People may become infe
5、cted with diseases. （ D） A warning system will be extremely urgent. （ A） Less than 18 hours. （ B） 18 to 24 hours. （ C） More than 24 hours. （ D） More than 48 hours. Section B （ A） Its difficult to obtain happiness. （ B） Happiness is a state of mind. （ C） Happiness is closely related to materials. （ D
6、） People shouldnt always ask what happiness is. （ A） They have no dreams. （ B） They dont feel being loved. （ C） They get used to what they have. （ D） They only cherish the material things. （ A） Gifts that are very expensive. （ B） Gifts that are beautiful. （ C） Gifts that are carefully chosen. （ D） G
7、ifts that cant be easily broken. （ A） People should feel sorry for what they cant have. （ B） People will feel happy if they do better than what they expected. （ C） People ought to value what they havent got. （ D） People should always feel happy in their lifetime. （ A） Editor and writer. （ B） Editor
8、and reader. （ C） Editor and publisher. （ D） Colleagues. （ A） Astonished. （ B） Excited. （ C） Doubtful. （ D） Anxious. （ A） To talk about the payment. （ B） To celebrate the good news. （ C） To make an appointment. （ D） To discuss the publication date. （ A） An important person is coming into his office.
9、（ B） He has to answer another phone call. （ C） He needs to leave the office soon. （ D） His secretary wants to talk with him. Section C （ A） Indicate our lifestyles and values. （ B） Improve our communicative skills. （ C） Cultivate our values. （ D） Determine our lifestyles and values. （ A） They cared
10、little about clothing. （ B） They had poor taste in clothing. （ C） They were very conscious of clothing. （ D） They were proud of womens clothes. （ A） They cared more about clothing than white-collar workers. （ B） They were manipulated by white-collar workers. （ C） They scoffed white-collar workers fo
11、r their clothing. （ D） They conformed to the accepted pattern of clothing. （ A） Dressing patterns of workers. （ B） Mans attitude towards dress. （ C） The importance of clothing. （ D） The styles of clothing. （ A） Many workers feel embarrassed when talking about office gossip. （ B） More than half of th
12、e workers are involved in office gossip. （ C） The percentage of workers involved in office gossip has increased. （ D） Workers were reluctant to talk about office gossip before. （ A） Office gossip may boost when the company expands. （ B） Workers dare not to gossip when the company is downsizing. （ C）
13、 Office gossip may relatively drop when the economy turns better. （ D） In a financial crisis, workers are over pressured to gossip. （ A） It is beneficial to the workers productivity. （ B） It helps to deliver the latest news of the company. （ C） It is an efficient way to relax peoples mind. （ D） It i
14、s a direct way for the boss to know his workers. （ A） They put them in a well. （ B） They put them in the ice. （ C） They put them in an evaporative cooler. （ D） They put them into boxes. （ A） Place it at the top of the cooler. （ B） Place it at the bottom of the cooler. （ C） Put its ends in the water.
15、 （ D） Put it outdoors. （ A） To store them in conditions that are not cold enough. （ B） To keep them directly into storage containers. （ C） To put them on the ground after cutting them with knife. （ D） To prepare them at harvest time when theyre in the field. Section A 26 Eating fruits and vegetables
16、 has proved helpful in preventing various chronic(慢性的 )illnesses. Does that mean the more the better? The data from 16 studies were analyzed,【 C1】 _more than 833,234 adults. The span of the studies【 C2】 _from 5 to 26 years. 56,423 adults participating in the studies died. Overall, the more fruits an
17、d vegetables people【 C3】 _, the less likely they were to have died during the study period. For every【 C4】 _serving eaten, up to four a day, the chance of dying for any reason decreased by 5 percent. Those who ate four servings a day were 24 percent less【 C5】 _to have died than those who ate none at
18、 all. However, eating five or more daily servings indicated no added【 C6】_. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables also showed【 C7】 _no effect on the probability of dying from cancer. Although the recommendation of the【 C8】 _serving varies with age, health status and other factors, most adults
19、are called for to fill half their plate with fruits and vegetables. The food pyramid(金字塔 )model【 C9】 _that adults eat three to five servings of vegetables and two to four servings of fruits daily. However, the study did not determine whether certain fruits or vegetables were more or less beneficial
20、than others. It indeed inferred that theres a(n) 【 C10】 _to how much fruit and vegetables are good for you. A)additional I)investing B)annual J)involving C)benefit K)likely D)boundary L)limit E)consumed M)probable F)daily N)ranged G)essentially O)suggested H)financially 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30
21、 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Which Low Carbon Technology Is Now a Reality? A)With fossil fuels expected to supply over 70% of the worlds energy needs by 2040, we face some urgent questions: where should efforts be focused in reducing greenhouse gas emiss
22、ions? Which technologies hold the most promise? There are a range of low-carbon solutions and given the challenge, we will need them all. We hear a lot about the advances being made by refreshable sources of energy such as solar, wind and hydro-electricity and these are certainly valuable technologi
23、es in combating climate change. But how can we really make a major impact in reducing carbon emissions from large power plants and industrial facilities? Enter carbon capture and storage or CCS a technology that captures CO2 from fossil fuel production and permanently stores it underground. B)The ai
24、m is to prevent the release of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere(from fossil fuel use in power generation and other industries). It is a potential means of relieving the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming and ocean acidification(酸化 ). Although CO2 has been injected int
25、o geological formations for several decades for various purposes, including enhanced oil recovery, the long term storage of CO2 is a relatively new concept. The first commercial example was Weyburn in 2000. CCS can also be used to describe the scrubbing(涤气 )of CO2 from environmental air as a climate
26、 engineering technique. C)In November 2014 the Global CCS Institute released its flagship(核心的 )publication the annual Global Status of CCS report. This comprehensive annual update is the prominent source of information on the development of CCS around the world. A lot of work went into updating info
27、rmation in the report, in cooperation with the CCS industry, as there had been quite significant changes to the CCS landscape in the preceding 12 months. This included the launch of a large-scale CCS project in the power sector and the beginning of construction of the worlds first large-scale CCS pr
28、oject in the iron and steel sector. D)Large-scale CCS is now a reality in the power sector with the October 2014 launch of the Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration Project in Saskatchewan, Canada. Boundary Dam is the first commercial CCS plant in the power sector, removin
29、g 90 per cent of the CO2 produced by electricity generation from lignite(褐煤 )coal at Production Unit No. 3 of the SaskPower facility. The captured CO2 is primarily used for enhanced oil recovery(EOR)at the nearby Weyburn oil field, although amounts are also to be stored in deep geological formations
30、 at the Aquistore site. The success of the Boundary Dam project and the progression of additional projects through planning and construction, indicates that CCS technologies for application in the power sector are “market ready“. E)The next 18 -24 months will see CCS be applied across a range of ind
31、ustries and storage types. A further two large-scale CCS power projects are in construction in the US the Kemper County Energy Facility in Mississippi and the Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project in Texas. Both projects are expected to be operational in 2016. Also in the US, the Illinois Industrial CCS
32、 project planned for launch later this year will capture CO2 from the Archer Daniels Midland corn-to-ethanol(乙醇 )plant in Decatur, Illinois for storage in an onshore deep saline formation. The Abu Dhabi CCS project in the United Arab Emirates is under construction and from 2016 will provide the worl
33、ds first large-scale demonstration of CO2 capture from iron and steel production. F)In addition to the 22 large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or construction around the world, 14 projects are in advanced stages of planning, many of which are likely to be in a position to make a final inv
34、estment decision over the coming year. Together this group of projects covers a range of applications for CCS and could extend to around ten in the number of large-scale CCS projects operating in the power sector by the end of the decade. Their progression to operation would add experience in the de
35、dicated geological storage of CO2 and see operational large-scale CCS activity extend to China for the first time. G)2014 saw commercial application in the power sector become a reality and we can look forward to a further expansion across a diverse range of industries in the coming years. The Globa
36、l CCS Institute continues to cover developments in CCS with up-to-date information, expert insights, workshops, media releases and online seminars. We struggle to make CCS industry information easily accessible and encourage you to engage with us via our website and regular publications. H)For detai
37、led information on large-scale CCS projects please visit our online Projects page, which you can browse or search for projects based on stage, region, industry or capture, transport and storage type. For the first time the Institutes website contains project descriptions for around 40 lesser scale “
38、remarkable“ CCS projects, of which four Japanese “remarkable“ CCS projects were the key focus of a chapter in the Global Status of CCS report. For ongoing expert information visit our Insights page, which is regularly updated with articles from experts in carbon capture and storage, public engagemen
39、t, legal issues and policy developments. I)To join in the discussion you can attend meetings and workshops around the world, and participate in online seminars where you will have the opportunity to listen to and ask questions of a range of experts. Visit our Events page to see upcoming meetings, co
40、nferences, workshops and seminars. Finally, for a range of up-to-date news and more detailed information, visit our news and publications sections. We look forward to covering this exciting period in the development of CCS and providing you with the latest information and important issues for the se
41、ctor. 37 Carbon dioxide has been stored in geological formations for different purposes: however, its long term storage is comparatively new. 38 A final investment decision on many projects in the planning stages is likely to be made within the next year. 39 The case of Boundary Dam project and a se
42、ries of advancements show that CCS technologies are prepared for its application in the power sector. 40 More than 70% of the energy demand all over the world is expected to be supplied by fossil fuels by 2040. 41 Information about CCS development all over the world can be obtained from the annual G
43、lobal Status of CCS report. 42 The purpose of CCS technology is to avoid releasing a large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. 43 The commercial use of CCS in the power sector was realized in 2014. 44 The online Projects page and Insights page of Global CCS Institute will provide detailed information
44、 on large CCS projects and expert information. 45 It will take a year- and- a-half to two years for us to see CCS be widely used in various industries and storage types. 46 Renewable energy technologies have made great progress, which will help to fight against climate change. Section C 46 British a
45、ir is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago. Fewer people use coal-burning stoves: old industrial plants have been abandoned. But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma(哮喘 ), have fallen more slowly. The exa
46、ct number of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown. But in 2010 a government advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere would increase life expectancy for those born in 2008 by an average of six months. Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from
47、 diesel(柴油 )cars, which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars. In 2001 only 14% of all cars ran on diesel: by 2013 the proportion had increased to 35% . Greener “hybrid“ and electric cars have increased ninefold sin
48、ce 2006, but account for just 0. 5% of the entire fleet. Second-hand cars are particularly toxic, but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped. Many cars that let out few pollutants in tests produced more when on the roads. Government irresolution has not helped. Part of the problem is that s
49、everal departments are responsible for air pollution. This means nobody has taken a lead on it, complains Joan Walley, a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series of damning reports. And few politicians are keen to criticize drivers. Talking to Britons about car ownership is “ like talking to an American about hand guns“, jokes one air-pollution scientist. Some improvements have been made. In 2008 a “low-emission zone“ was created in London, which targets large vans and coaches. A smal
