1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 180及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about your next-door neighbor. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） They threw the food away. （ B） They brought the food to homeless s
2、helters. （ C） They gave the food to cats and dogs. （ D） They used the food to make experiments. （ A） Almost 100,000. （ B） About 1,000. （ C） More than 200,000. （ D） About several hundred. （ A） Spring. （ B） Summer. （ C） Autumn. （ D） Winter. （ A） 40 or 50. （ B） 30 or 40. （ C） 50 or 60. （ D） 60 or 70. （
3、 A） It has been 50 years from now. （ B） It has been over 80 years from now. （ C） It has been about 120 years from now. （ D） It has been about 160 years from now. （ A） It forbids people to sing “Happy Birthday“ in restaurants. （ B） It charges people 2 million bucks a year for singing it at home. （ C）
4、 It has imposed a fine on a filmmaker. （ D） It is going to be fined $ 1 ,500 for an illegal act. （ A） Because the song was written hundreds of years ago. （ B） Because the song is too widely used and should be shared by all. （ C） Because a judge ruled the company didnt own the piano arrangement. （ D）
5、 Because a judge ruled the company didnt own the actual lyrical song. Section B （ A） Absolutely, he has finished the shopping. （ B） He hasnt started his shopping. （ C） He doesnt need to buy anything. （ D） He doesnt have the plan for shopping. （ A） He always spends about 550 dollars. （ B） He always s
6、pends over 200 dollars. （ C） He tends to spend nearly 1, 100 dollars. （ D） He is not sure about the amount. （ A） Because Christmas is time for kids to eat and play. （ B） Because Christmas is time for family reunion. （ C） Because kids dont need to worry about the bills. （ D） Because kids are always h
7、appy and carefree. （ A） It is about helping each other. （ B） It is sharing your story with others. （ C） It is something in your heart. （ D） It is making other people happy. （ A） He has booked a room for five. （ B） He has booked a room for two. （ C） He has booked a room for one. （ D） He hasnt booked
8、any room. （ A） Its the 20th. （ B） Its the 19th. （ C） Its the 18th. （ D） Its Tuesday. （ A） 150 pounds. （ B） 135 pounds. （ C） About 128 pounds. （ D） About 1 15 pounds. （ A） It is always free. （ B） It is never free. （ C） It is free on weekends. （ D） It is free on weekdays. Section C （ A） On June 27, 18
9、20. （ B） On May 27, 1812. （ C） On June 27, 1920. （ D） On May 27, 1912. （ A） She was a fashion designer. （ B） She was a famous painter. （ C） She was a movie actress. （ D） She was a university teacher. （ A） 40. （ B） 28. （ C） 12. （ D） 8. （ A） Thousands of seeds. （ B） Tens of thousands of seeds. （ C） Hu
10、ndreds of thousands of seeds. （ D） Millions of seeds. （ A） Dense plantings compete light with weeds. （ B） Dense plantings compete air with seeds. （ C） Dense plantings compete nutrition with seeds. （ D） Dense plantings compete space with seeds. （ A） Burn weed plants and seeds. （ B） Keep equipment awa
11、y from weeds. （ C） Control birds and animals. （ D） Use chemicals to suppress weed growth. （ A） They are experiencing a severe drought. （ B） Water in California is polluted. （ C） They want to apply a new technology. （ D） They want to make use of seawater. （ A） 5. （ B） 15. （ C） 40. （ D） 50. （ A） 100 p
12、ercent. （ B） 99.9 percent. （ C） 90.9 percent. （ D） 90 percent. （ A） It is a useless technology. （ B） It is not as expensive as people think. （ C） Its a vast of money and energy. （ D） Its expensive yet worthwhile. Section A 26 In many instances, less is more. I publish one post from the community eve
13、ry day, which allows me to spend a great deal of time with writers. Conventional(传统的 )wisdom of the web suggests that more content leads to more page views, which ultimately creates a successful site. Yet Ive found the【 C1】 _can be true. Having a lower quantity allows more time to focus on【 C2】 _: a
14、nd also allows more time for connection through comments. In this way, its not about building a large community: its about fostering a(an) 【 C3】 _one. As far as Im concerned, theres no greater success than that. Regardless of your project or dream, the “less is more“ philosophy can go a long way in
15、creating value and enabling progress. You may not have a large number of hours to commit, but this means you have an incentive to【 C4】 _your goals and that just may help you focus and become【 C5】 _effective. You may not have abundant resources, but this means your passion and purpose may be your gre
16、atest assets and theres no【 C6】 _to what you can accomplish when you invest yourself in a vision that moves and inspires you. You may not have【 C7】 _readers or customers, but this means you can focus on providing【 C8】 _service which can he far more valuable than dozens of cursory(仓促的 )connections an
17、d standard experiences. Most importantly, when we focus on doing less and doing it well, instead of doing more and【 C9】 _its better, were less scattered, more deliberate, less harried, and more present. And really, isnt that what we want? Its not just the goals and the outcomes we visualize: its the
18、 happiness and satisfaction we imagine well experience when we get there. It may be the biggest【 C10】 _to doing less: we create more space to enjoy those things now. A)advantage B)assuming C)countless D)doing E)engaged F)exceptional G)extensively H)involved I)limit J)limitation K)optimally L)opposit
19、e M)prioritize N)quality O)reason 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Genetically Modified Foods Feed the World? A)If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many pe
20、ople, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions and vocal green lobbies the idea seems against nature. B)In fact, genetically modified foods are alread
21、y very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U. S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U. S. this year.
22、 The genetic is out of the bottle. C)Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we ha
23、ve a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? D)The statistics on population growth and hunger
24、 are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the U.N. estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has declined st
25、eadily since 1960 and will decease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications(ISAAA). E)The U. N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million
26、women of childbearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness. Tens of millions of people suffer from other major ailments and nutritional deficiencies caused
27、 by lack of food. F)How can biotech help? Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with be-la-carotene- which the body converts into vitamin A-and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming
28、 productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi(真菌 ). G)Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroys 40 million tons of the worlds corn crop annually, about 7%
29、of the total. Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantly. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded. H)Viruse
30、s often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassava(木薯 )crop a key source of calories to the mosaic virus. Genetically modified, vims-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water
31、shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity in rice has been identified. I)Many scientists believe biote
32、ch could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested. J)Yet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays t
33、he largest role. Today more than 1 billion people around the globe live on less than $ 1 a day. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce. K)Nor can biotech o
34、vercome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries. Taken as a whole, the world produces enough food to feed everyone but much of it is simply in the wrong place. Especially in countries with undeveloped transport infrastructures, geography restricts food availability as dramatically
35、 as genetics promises to improve it. L)Biotech has its own “distribution“ problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries cany out much of the leading-edge research on genetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor fanners in the developing world, and many
36、of those products wont even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries. A
37、London-based company, for example, has announced that it will share with developing countries technology needed to produce vitamin-enriched “golden rice“. M)More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries. But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food product
38、ion of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies both local and in developed countries and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, for example, is successfully partnering with the U. S. Agency for International Development, local researches and private biotech c
39、ompanies to find and deliver biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries. N)Will “frankenfoods“ feed the world? Biotech is not a panacea, but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who c
40、ould suffer for years to come. 37 It is predicted that the growth population from now to 2050 is neariv all in developing countries. 38 Better cooperation between government agencies of developing countries and private biotech firms will help boost the impact of genetic research on the food producti
41、on. 39 Genetically modified crops can help to improve nutrient contents and farming productivity. 40 Inserting pest-resistant genes into seeds can help increase the yields without killing good insects. 41 It has already been proved that a gene can help alleviate aluminum toxicity in rice. 42 Majorit
42、y of people believe genetically modified crop causes environmental problems. 43 Over fifty percent of the soybeans planted in the U. S. last year were genetically modified. 44 People in the developing world, though in urgent need of biotech, cannot afford it. 45 The debate on genetically modified fo
43、ods is more heated in developing countries because of the rapid growth of malnourished populations. 46 The most important factor that leads to hunger in developing countries is poverty. Section C 46 Domestic violence is a serious crime causing serious social problems. It is violence at home, usually
44、 the husband beating his wife or the father beating his children. The victims, the wife and the children, suffer both physically and spiritually. Children develop trauma as a result of exposure to domestic violence. They also develop wet-bedding problems, too. The speaker was regularly beaten up by
45、her former husband and often had black eyes and bruises on her body. She suffered terribly and finally got divorced. Many women feel guilty and assume that they are to blame because they cannot understand how the person they love has changed into such a terrifying person. The first possible reason f
46、or the domestic violence is that the husband is not happy with the marriage. The second one may be that he is dissatisfied with his job. The third will probably be that he has bad relationships with other people. Fourth, his unemployment may also contribute to “domestic violence“. Last but not least
47、, he may be off-balanced because of dissatisfaction with society as a whole. Different people may offer different solutions to the problems. Some say that we had better start a kind of special service educating abusive husbands or fathers and helping them to overcome psychological barriers in their
48、life. Some suggest that the wife should try very hard to show understanding for her husband while at the same time make him know that he must respect womens rights. They should try hard to help their husbands to adapt to the changing world around them. Many others advocate that the abusive husband o
49、r father should be punished. We are all more aware of domestic violence these days. It is impossible to assess whether the incidence of violence has increased or whether it is simply that people are more willing to talk about it than they were in the past. Victims do not, however, find it easy enough to bring their problems out into the open. But they must, not only for themselves but also for their children and even for their abusive partners. 47 According to the passage, the frequent vi
