1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 192及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to make an apology to Bob in Canada, for you have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to him. You should write at least 120 wor
2、ds but no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） Birds and bats may fly into the turning blades. （ B） Birds and bats cant stand high wind speed. （ C） Wind turbines can produce electricity. （ D） Wind turbines can release poisonous gas. （ A） It is made mostly of iron. （ B） It is made mostly of steel. （ C
3、） It is made mostly of plastic. （ D） It is made mostly of paperboard. （ A） Because the economic situation is glooming. （ B） Because there are less new graduates every year. （ C） Because the workers have less experience. （ D） Because the employers cannot find suitable technical workers. （ A） Because
4、the number of graduates is increasing each year. （ B） Because technology and workplace are changing faster. （ C） Because there are more vacant jobs than before. （ D） Because college fees are higher than before. （ A） In Australia and Africa. （ B） In Austria and Africa. （ C） In Australia and America.
5、（ D） In Austria and America. （ A） Better medical equipment. （ B） More health care. （ C） Better education. （ D） More job chances. （ A） Its about 2,500 pounds. （ B） Its about 2,500 dollars. （ C） Its about 250 pounds. （ D） Its about 250 dollars. Section B （ A） Italy. （ B） Portugal. （ C） Costa Rica. （ D
6、） Spain. （ A） She has difficulty finding a suitable hotel. （ B） She has never been abroad. （ C） She cant book tickets for her family now. （ D） She has to take her children with her. （ A） It should be on the beach. （ B） It should have a swimming pool. （ C） It should be quiet. （ D） It should be in the
7、 downtown. （ A） The woman has decided not to stay in that hotel. （ B） The woman has decided to use the tent. （ C） The ad turned out to be a lie. （ D） The man advises the woman to have a try. （ A） Brentwood in America. （ B） London. （ C） Essex in England. （ D） Scotland. （ A） It is a small town next to
8、 London. （ B） It has a large population. （ C） It is in the southeast of Scotland. （ D） It is a poor city. （ A） Its a relatively small town. （ B） The people living there are very rich. （ C） The houses there are decorated elaborately. （ D） Its close to London. （ A） The woman is not satisfied with the
9、recreations there. （ B） The man thinks highly of the recreations there. （ C） All kinds of recreations are available there. （ D） The man thinks little of the recreations there. Section C （ A） Prevent the students doing any movement. （ B） Give students more time to rest. （ C） Change the pace of lesson
10、s and activities. （ D） Adopt the same teaching plan for a long time. （ A） It can help teachers interact with the students. （ B） It just shows the words to students. （ C） It can reduce the dust in the classroom. （ D） It can save teachers time. （ A） Students ability to study. （ B） Students ability to
11、do activities. （ C） Students ability to maintain attention. （ D） Students ability to communicate with others. （ A） A housewife. （ B） A singer. （ C） A teacher. （ D） A musician. （ A） The violin was too heavy for her. （ B） She was too young to play the violin. （ C） The violin was too expensive. （ D） He
12、r mother wanted her to play the piano. （ A） To play the violin on a concert. （ B） To go to New York City. （ C） To apply for a scholarship. （ D） To have her performance taped. （ A） In 1928. （ B） In 1982. （ C） In 1980. （ D） In 1920. （ A） Take a nap for 15 to 30 minutes. （ B） Use a combination of nap a
13、nd caffeine. （ C） Have a cup of coffee three times a day. （ D） Do exercise when feeling sleepy. （ A） About 13% . （ B） About 15% . （ C） About 30% . （ D） About 50% . （ A） Professional athletes. （ B） Amateur athletes. （ C） People who often travel. （ D） People who often lack sleep. Section A 26 Eating f
14、ruits and vegetables has proved helpful in preventing various chronic(慢性的 )illnesses. Does that mean the more the better? The data from 16 studies were analyzed,【 C1】 _ more than 833,234 adults. The span of the studies【 C2】 _ from 5 to 26 years. 56,423 adults participating in the studies died. Overa
15、ll, the more fruits and vegetables people【 C3】 _ , the less likely they were to have died during the study period. For every【 C4】 _ serving eaten, up to four a day, the chance of dying for any reason decreased by 5 percent. Those who ate four servings a day were 24 percent less【 C5】 _ to have died t
16、han those who ate none at all. However, eating five or more daily servings indicated no added【 C6】 _ . Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables also showed【 C7】_ no effect on the probability of dying from cancer. Although the recommendation of the【 C8】 _ serving varies with age, health status and
17、 other factors, most adults are called for to fill half their plate with fruits and vegetables. The food pyramid(金字塔 )model【 C9】 _ that adults eat three to five servings of vegetables and two to four servings of fruits daily. However, the study did not determine whether certain fruits or vegetables
18、were more or less beneficial than others. It indeed inferred that theres a(n) 【 C10】 _ to how much fruit and vegetables are good for you. A)additional I)investing B)annual J)involving C)benefit K)likely D)boundary L)limit E)consumed M)probable F)daily N)ranged G)essentially O)suggested H)financially
19、 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Saving Nature, But Only Man Environmental Necessities and Environmental Luxuries A)Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or av
20、ersion to nylon. But now that everyone has claims to love Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, projects, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choo
21、se? B)There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then apply a rule. Call it the fundamental principle of sensible envir
22、onmentalism: Combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury. For example: preserving the atmosphere, by both protecting the ozone layer and halting the greenhouse effect, is an environmental necessity. In April sc
23、ientists reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone reduction not only causes skin cancer and eye cataracts(白内障 ), it also destroys plankton(浮游生物 ), the beginning of the food chain on top which we humans sit. C)The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, tho
24、ugh its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disturbed climate, dried up plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire Albuquerques climate? And Siberia acquire Iowas? Ozone reduction and
25、 the greenhouse effect are human disasters. They happen to occur in the environment. But they are urgent because they directly threaten man. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to s
26、erve man. A sensible environmentalism is entirely man-centered: it calls for man to preserve nature, but on the grounds of self-preservation. A Sensible Environmentalism Does Not Sentimentalize the Earth D)A sensible environmentalism does not sentimentalize the earth. It does not ask people to sacri
27、fice in the name of other creatures. After all, it is hard enough to ask people to sacrifice in the name of other humans.(Think of the public resistance to foreign aid and welfare.)Ask hardworking voters to sacrifice in the name of snail darter(蜗牛鱼 ), and, if they are feeling polite, they will give
28、you a shrug. E)Of course, this man-centeredness runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that worships the earth to the point of excess. One scientific theoryGaia theory actually claims that Earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual
29、. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the kindliness of nature. My nature worship stops with the May storms that killed more than 125,000 Bengalis and left 10 million homeless. F)A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras princi
30、ple that “ Man is the measure of all things“. Such a principle helps us to fight our way through the jungle of environmental argument. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. Environmentalists, fighting against a bill working its way throu
31、gh Congress to permit such exploration, argue that we should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either/or proposition. The country does need a substantial energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production, too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-f
32、ifty chance that under the ANWR lies one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America. G)We have just come through a war fought in part over oil: Energy dependence costs Americans not just dollars but lives. It is a ridiculous sentimentalism that would deny ourselves oil that is peacefu
33、lly attainable because it risks disrupting the breeding grounds of Arctic reindeer(驯鹿 ). I like the reindeer as much as the next man. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns are disturbed. But you cannot have everything. And if the choice is between the welfare of reindeer and reducing
34、oil dependence that gets people killed in wars, I choose man over reindeer every time. H)Similarly the spotted owl. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at no or little cost, I would agree: the variety of nature is a good, a high aesthetic(美学的 )good. But it is no more than that. And so
35、metimes aesthetic goods have to be sacrificed to the more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose family over owl. Man Is the Master of Nature I)The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are
36、 fundamental and those that are merely aesthetic. Nature is our charge. It is not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But it is mans world. And when man has to choose between his well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate. J)Man should accommodate only when his
37、 fate and that of nature are bound up together. The most urgent accommodation must be made when the very integrity of mans environment e. g. : atmospheric ozone is threatened. When the threat to man is of a lesser order(say, the pollutants form coal- and oil-fired generators that cause death from di
38、sease but not fatal damage to the ecosystem), a more moderate accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment because it is mans environment. The sentimental environmentalists will call this saving nature
39、 with a totally wrong frame of mind. Exactly. A sensible a humanistic environmentalism does it not for natures sake but for our own. 37 The fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism is to battle against ecological change which threatens peoples health and safety. 38 Only when the very integ
40、rity of mans environment is threatened, will they make the most urgent accommodation. 39 It is necessary to protect the ozone layer because ozone reduction damages the beginning of the food chain. 40 According to the author, it is difficult to ask men to make personal sacrifice for others sake. 41 T
41、he key point of the sensible environmentalism is that man is the master of nature. 42 As opposed to a sensible environmentalism, a particular contemporary environmentalism claims that Earth is a living organism. 43 Just like a democratic belief, environmental sensitivity nowadays is considered as a
42、required attitude in the upper class. 44 Those believing that energy should be conserved instead of being drilled are wrong because both energy tax and production of oil are needed. 45 When dealing with the relationship between human beings and nature, we should stick to the principle that human bei
43、ngs well-being is in the first place. 46 A sensible environmentalism calls for saving the nature for human beings. Section C 46 Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked on e-cigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are “very concerned
44、“ by the growing number of youngsters trying the devices as a major new study reveals one in five teenagers has accessed them. E-cigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But previous research shows e-cigarettes generate poisonous chemicals similar
45、to those found in tobacco and may harm the lungs and immune system. Worryingly, researchers at Liverpool John Moores University discovered 16% of teenagers who have used e-cigarettes had never previously smoked. The experts also found e-cigarettes were “ strongly related“ to drinking among teenagers
46、. Study author Prof. Mark Bellis warned that such “ rapid penetration into teenage culture of what is essentially a new drug-use option is without precedent(先例 ). “ He added: “ Our research suggests that we should be very concerned about teenagers accessing e-cigarettes. While debate on e-cigarettes
47、 has focused largely on whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use, e-cigarettes themselves contain a highly addictive(上瘾的 )drug that may have more serious and longer lasting impacts on children because their brains are still developing. “ Researchers surveyed 16,000 students aged
48、 14 to 17 in the North West of England and asked them about their alcohol and tobacco use. They found that one in five answered yes to the question: “ Have you ever bought or tried electronic cigarettes?“ More males than females said they had, and the figure increased with age and if they lived in a
49、 deprived poor area. Of the teenagers that had accessed e-cigarettes, 16% had never smoked, 23% had tried smoking but did not like it, 36% were regular smokers, 12% only smoked when drinking, and 14% were ex-smokers. The research, published in journal BMC Public Health, also found teenagers who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to have accessed e-cigarettes than non-drinkers. Among those who had never smoked, it was found that those who regularly have excessive drinking were four times
